英语新闻阅读常用词汇-商业篇.doc

英语新闻阅读常用词汇 商业篇 11.account：财务帐；帐户A record of financial transactions kept in a ledger 在分类帐中保存的财务来往记录。a bank account 银行帐户 a customer or client 顾客或客户Lets check the account again. 我们再查一遍帐。How much is left in our bank account? 银行帐上还剩多少。This firm is our best account. 这家商行是我们最好的客户。2.accounting：会计A system and process of gathering and recording financial information that provides a continuous balance between assets and liabilities.收集和记录财务住处的制度和过程，并据此不断提供资产和负债之间的余额。You need to discuss that matter with the accounting department.你应当和财务部讨论这个问题。3.accumulation：资本增益An addition to capital investments or stock from profits. 资本投资的收益或股份增值。What kind of accumulation are you getting on the ABC stock? 你在ABC公司的股份有什么资本增益？4.affluence：富裕The condition of substantial wealth and economic power. 拥有雄厚财富和经济实力的状况。Luxury cars are targeted towards the affluent segment of a population. 豪华轿车是以人口中的富裕阶层为销售对象的。5.affiliate：成员，分公司A business that contracts to work with another business. 签订合同与另一公司合作的公司。The ABC office supply company is one of our many affiliates. ABC办公用品公司是我们众多分公司的其中之一。6.agenda：日程表A list of things to be done 要处理的事务清单Could you please fax me a copy of tomorrows agenda? 能否将明天的日程表给我发个传真？7.agribusiness：农业综合企业The production and marketing of corps by large corporations as opposed to individual farms. 由大集团公司进行的农产品的生产和销售，与个体农场主经营方式相反。John was forced into bankruptcy when he lost millions of dollars he had invested in a poor agribusiness venture. 约翰在农业综合企业中投资不当，损失了数百万美元，被迫破产。英语新闻阅读必备词汇：商业篇21.boycott ：抵制The refusal to purchase the products of an individual, corporation, or nation as a way to bring social and political pressure for change. 拒绝购买某一个人、公司或国家的产品，作为施加社会、政治压力，促进其改变政策的一种手段。Americans boycotted tuna several years ago until tuna companies guaranteed that they werent catching dolphins in their tuna nets. 几年前美国人抵制金枪鱼，直至金枪鱼公司保证在捕捞金枪鱼时放掉海豚。2.budget ：预算A plan of expenditures based on anticipated revenues. 根据估算的收入而制订的开支计划。How much do we have left in our budget? 我们的预算还剩多少？3.business cycle ：景气周期Periodic rise and fall in economic activity 经济活动中周期性的涨落。U.S. retailers see the same basic business cycle every year and typically do most of their business during the Christmas season. 美国零售商们每年都经历相同的景气周期。通常情况下，他们大部分生产都是在圣诞节期间做的。4.bust ：崩溃An informal term referring to a financial or economic collapse 非正式用语，指金融或经济上破产。The economy is currently in a bust. 目前经济处于崩溃之中。5.buying power ：购买力Purchasing power 购买商品的能力。The buying power of the dollar has steadily declined during the last twenty-five years. 在过去的25年里，美元的购买力持续下降。6.capital ：资本Money, assets, or property used as a means of production or for investment 可以用作生产或投资手段的金钱、资产或财物。Some futurists claim that human capital is a companys greatest asset.一些未来学家声称公司的人力资本是其最大的资产。7.capitalism ：资本主义An economic system based on private ownership and profit incentive 建立在私有制和利润刺激基础上的一种经济制度。People in some countries dont really understand the system of capitalism. 一些国家的人们并不真正理解资本主义制度。8.cash cow ：摇钱树An informal term for a business with a dependable source of income 非正式用语。指收入来源可靠的生意。This product has always been a cash cow for our company. 这种产品一直是我们公司的摇钱树。9.cash flow ：现金流通Fluctuations in a companys cash position 公司现金形势的波动情况。Our company is currently having a cash flow problem. 10.CEO ：总裁，总经理“chief executive officer”的缩略词。指公司的最高行政长官。Advertisers are using CEOs more frequently in their companys commercials because studies show that people trust and admire leaders.广告商们在广告片中越来越多地利用总裁的形象，因为研究表明，人们相信、崇拜领导者。11.Chapter 11 ：破产条款A bankruptcy code section that applies to a corporation going out of business which may require restructuring.破产法的部分章节，适用于需要重组的倒闭公司。Rumors are spreading that one of the big movie companies is filing a chapter 11. 有谣言说一家大的电影公司正申请破产。12.commercialism ：重商主义，商业行为The practice and spirit of business in which the making of profits is emphasized. 商业做法和精神，强调利润的追求。Many American dislike the commercialism that is associated with Cpetition ：竞争The rivalry between similar businesses for customers or clients.经营产品相近的厂商间争夺顾客或客户的斗争。Competition in business is good because it generally results in better quality and lower prices for consumers. 商业竞争中是好事，它可以为消费者带来更好的质量和更低的价格。英语新闻阅读必备词汇：商业篇31.conglomerate ：集团公司，联合大企业A corporation made up several companies that produce large quantities of output in a variety of industries. 诸多产业中，由几家公司组成的股份公司，大量生产各种产品。Proctor & Gamble is a large personal product conglomerate. 宝洁公司是一家生产个人卫生用品的大集团公司。2.consumerism ：（1）消费；（2）消费者权益运动The consumption of goods and service. 商品和服务的耗费Inflation always hurts consumerism. 通货膨胀总是打击消费。The protection of consumers form poor products or misleading claims.保护消费者免受劣质产品和误导性广告的侵害。The U.S. Food and Drug administration tries to regulate consumerism.美国食品和医药管理局想规范消费者权益运动。3.consumer price index ：消费品价格指数A measure of the fluctuation in prices of common consumer goods and services over a fixed time period. 在一定时期内衡量常用消费品和服务价格波动情况的一种尺度。The consumer price index is a good reference tool to use in order to learn how much the price of a specific item has changed over the last several years. 想了解某一特定商品在过去几年内的价格变化情况，消费品价格指数是一个很好的工具。4.corporate ladder ：公司的官阶A series of steps in the organizational hierarchy of a company. 公司组织等级制度中的一系列晋升阶梯。Climbing the corporate ladder is not as popular as it used to be. 走公司的晋升之道不像以前那样有吸引力了。5.corporate raider ：强行收购A person, company, etc. that attempts to take over another company, exp. by buying up the stock of the target company. 个人或公司通常以全部买下其看准的公司的股份而吞并该公司。6.cost cutting ：削减成本A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending. 公司采取的应付措施，特别是在困难时期，通过减少浪费和不必要的开支来节省资金。Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive. 为了提高效率和竞争力，许多公司在90年代一直在实施削减成本的各种措施。7.cost of living ：生活费用The average cost for the basic necessities of life 支付基本生活必需品的平均花费。Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks. 很多雇员希望其工资的生活费用部分每年都有增长。8.creeping inflation ：轻度通货膨胀The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices. 物价不断上涨，但因涨幅很小而不为人注意。Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s. 90年代轻度通货膨胀一直波及经济生活9.decline ：萎缩，下降A period of reduced business activity. 经营活动下降的时期。College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate. 大学生们对其毕业后就业机会的减少感到忧心忡忡。10.deficit ：赤字A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income. 支出超过收入的预算失衡Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit. 我们公司在开始赢利前的头三年中都是亏损经营。11.deflation ：通货紧缩A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices. 货币供应的减少，导致物价的急剧下降。Consumers are always motivated by deflation. 通货紧缩往往能刺激消费者的购买欲。12.demand ：需求The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services. 消费者购买商品和服务的能力。Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their clients products. 营销商和广告商总是在寻找新的途径以创造其客户对产品的需求。13.depression ：萧条A severe, extended period of decline in business activity. 商业活动严重减少并且长时间没有好转。Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s. 许多上了年纪的美国人对三十年代的大萧条仍记忆犹新。14.deregulation ：撤消管制A gradual removal of government control over business. 政府逐步撤消对经营活动的控制。Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control. 大多数公司和产业赞成政府撤消管制。15.distribution ：商品流通The marketing of merchandising. 商品的营销。If a product doesnt have good distribution, it wont sell. 商品流通如果不畅就卖不出去。美国时代周刊 英语新闻商业常用词汇 41 diversification ：经营多样化The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered. 通过增加产品品种和服务项目来扩展经营业务。Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors. 许多快餐企业正实行经营多样化，力图从其竞争对手手中夺取更多的顾客。2.dumping ：倾销The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition. 以低于成本的价格向其他国家销售产品以减少过剩产品，引发竞争。The U.S. has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American. 美国控告日本在美国倾销小型货车。3.economics ：经济学The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption. 形容财富及其创造、分配和消费的科学。Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard. 苏珊在哈佛攻读经济学专业。4.economy：经济The organization of social and political institutions and business for production. 社会及政治机构的组织以及以生产经营为目的的企业组织。National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy. 国家领导人必须一直为经济状况操心。5.Fortune 500：财富500家公司A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine. 由财富杂志每年公布的全美国最大的500家公司。Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list? 在财富500家公司中，前10名是哪些？6.franchise：经销权，连锁店A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company. 地区分销商得到其他公司的合同或许可证，有权使用其名称并销售其产品。Clancy is opening a new McDonalds franchise in London. 克兰西在伦敦开了一家麦当劳连锁店。7.freeze ：冻结The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc. 停止一些经济因素的变动，如价格、就业、开支等。The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps. 政府冻结了汽油泵的价格。8.full employment：充分就业An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent. 失业率处于可接受的最小值，常常是以下的经济形势。The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve. 充分就业是大多数国家很少取得的经济局面。9.glamour stock：热门股票A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price. 新兴且发展迅速的产业所发行的股票，有迅速升值的趋势。John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies. 约翰专门购买由传媒、娱乐公司发行的热门股票。10.glas ceiling：性别障碍，玻璃天花板A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management. 指阻止女性进入高级管理阶层的一种无形障碍。Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation. 90年代，许多妇女抗议阻止她们进入大公司高级管理阶层的性别障碍。11.global economy：全球经济Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc. 世界范围内的贸易、旅游、竞争等。Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy. 为在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，90年代的公司都从全球的角度考虑问题。12.GNP：国民生产总值An abbr. for “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy. “gross national product” 的缩写词，指在国民经济市场上销售的所有商品、服务和产品的年度货币总值。What was Japans GNP in 1987? 1987年日本的国民生产总值是多少？13.golden parachute：高额离职补贴A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover. 在发生合并或兼并的情况下，公司高层行政领导离开其职位时所获得的丰厚补偿，作为高额离职补助金。CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover. 公司被他方恶意接管时，通常情况下总裁们都会得到高额的离职补贴。14.gray market：灰色市场A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical. 以高于正常市场价格来销售稀缺商品如电脑芯片的市场。这种交易通常以非正常渠道进行，手段虽不犯法但也不被认为是合乎道德的。Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market. 由于类似产品在灰色市场上销售，我们公司损失很大。15.greenmail：绿票欺诈The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a companys stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price. 秘密购买一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能进行接管，最终迫使该公司为挫败对方的企图，不得不以高出很多的价格买回股份。 The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price. 当ABC公司以高得多的价格买回自己的股份时，发现本公司成了绿票欺诈的受害者。美国时代周刊 英语新闻商业常用词汇 51.hardball：商场上的杀手锏，动真格Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices. 俚语，指生意上极具竞争力或冷酷无情的做法。Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball. 我们的竞争对手所用的战术表明他们要动真格了。2.hostile takeover：敌意接管The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest. 通过购买足够股份从而获得控股权的办法来接管一家公司。Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover. 去年这家小航空公司在一次敌意接管中被收购。3.hyperinflation：高通胀Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying. 迅猛的通货膨胀和抢购造成严重的商品短缺。The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public. 由于担心自然灾害会突然降临，公众疯狂抢购，导致了一些食品市场的高通胀。4.inflation：通货膨胀A sustained rise in the price of goods and services. 商品和服务的价格持续上涨。Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?在过去的6个月里通货膨胀率下降了吗？5.junk bond：风险债券，垃圾债券A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing. 俚语。指高风险高回报的债券，但被认为有可疑的背景支持。Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.” 迈克尔米尔肯总是“风险债券之王”的同义词。6.labor-intensive：劳动密集型的(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital. 运用人力多于资本的生产。The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive. 零件是用密集劳动生产出来的，这样价格就很贵。7.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：举债收购A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a companys assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral. 投资者以收购对象的资产作担保，借钱来收购该公司的足够资产以获得控股权的过程。Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company. 有时候小公司可以用举债收购的手段来接管另一家公司。8.macroeconomics：宏观经济学An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level. 经济学的分支，研究经济的宏观方面，尤其是国家层次上的因素。Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics. 塞谬尔斯先生是位宏观经济学专家。9.market share ：市场份额A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company. 一公司产品的销售总额在某一特定商品市场上所占的百分比。The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals 克洛格公司在早餐粥市场上占有超过50以上的份额。10.mass production：大规模生产The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines. 利用标准零件和生产线大批量生产商品。Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price. 大规模生产使得很多人能以更为便宜的价格享用某种产品。11.microeconomics：微观经济学The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption. 经济学的分支，研究生产和消费的单个单位。Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers. 在未来微观经济会导致产品的专业化和客户化以方便顾客。12.mogul：商业巨头Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry. 非正式用语。商业或产业界的富有且势力大的人物。We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million. 我们收看了一段电视访谈，采访对象是一位拥有一亿多美元资产的娱乐业巨头。13.mommy track：母亲路线A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family. 女性的职业模式。指女性不愿晋升过快，以便有更多时间和家人相处。Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.90年代，数以百万计的妇女宁愿走母亲路线也不愿攀登公司的官阶。14.monopoly：垄断A domination of the market by a single company. 由单一公司统治市场的局面。The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public. 打破垄断可以产生竞争，这会给公众带来更好的质量和更低的价格。15.oligopol