商英精读 词汇辨析搭配.doc

risk 基本用法 1) n. danger; possibility that something harmful or undesirable may happen.危险；风险 risk + of:e.g. the risk of infection risk + that:e.g. There is a real risk that the wheat crop may be lost. at risk: 有危险e.g. Millions of lives are at risk because of food shortage. be at the risk of sth.: 有的危险e.g. Evidence shows that the spotted owl is at the risk of extinction. takerun risksa risk: 冒险e.g. You have to takerun a lot of risks if you want to succeed in business. run the risk of doing sth.: 冒的风险e.g. I dont want to run the risk of meeting George, so Ill stay here. Anyone travelling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested. at ones own risk: 自担风险e.g. Danger enter at your own risk. 2) vt. to put in danger; to take a chance of (a possible unpleasant result). 冒险；担的风险e.g. Youre risking your health by smoking. By criticizing the boss he risked losing his job. Jim risked his life to help save his partner. The senators are willing to risk their careers on a matter of principle. 相关搭配 share risks: 共同承担风险 risk fundscapital: 风险资金资本 risk factors: 风险因素 risk transfer: 风险转移 risk moneypremium: 风险补贴 perform 基本用法 1) vt. to do; carry out, esp. according to a usual or established method.履行；实行；完成e.g. Rubin says he will resign when he is no longer able to perform his duties. You cant expect me to perform miracles (=do things that seem impossible). 2) vt.vi. to give, act or show, esp. in the presence of the public.表演；演奏e.g. The magician performed some astonishing tricks. He will be performing on the clarinet(单簧管)at the piano. 3) vi. (of a machine) to work (in the proper or intended way).运行；表现e.g. This car performs badlypoorly on hills. All systems on the space shuttle appear to be performing well. The electronics industry continues to perform well. 相关词 performance n. 性能；功绩；运行；表演；成绩 performer n. 演员 相关搭配 performing arts: 表演艺术 high performance car: 性能良好的汽车 put ongivestage a performance: 表演节目 disappointing performance in an exam: 令人失望的考试成绩 star performer: 明星演员replace 基本用法 1) vt. (with sth.) to take the place of.取代；替换e.g. Weve replaced the old computer withby a new one. George has replaced Edward as captain of the team. Ive replaced the batteries in your Walkman. 2) vt. to put something back in the right place.把放回原处e.g. He replaced the book on the shelf. Please replace your tray and return your seat to an upright position for landing. 相关词 replacement n. 替换；取代物；代替者 相关搭配 personnel replacement charts: 人事调配图 replacement cost: 重置成本 find a replacement for: 找到接替者limit 基本用法 1) vt. to keep within a certain size, amount, number, area, or place; restrict.限制；限度e.g. We must limit our spending. He limited himself to one cake each hour. A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities. 2) n. the farthest point or edge, which cannot or must not be passed. 界限；限度( 最高或者最低的)限额 to reach the limit of ones patience: 忍耐已到了极限 set a limit on: 限制e.g. My wife and I set a limit on how much we spend on clothes. There is ano limit to (sth.): 有无限度e.g. Ill help as much as I can, but theres a limit to what I can do. There is no limit to what you can do if you try. within limits: 在一定范围限制限度之内e.g. You can do what you like within limits. off limits (to): 禁止入内e.g. The town is off limits to military personnel. The basement is always off limits to us kids. 相关词 limitation n. 限制；缺陷；局限性 相关搭配 know ones limits: 了解自己( 的能力擅长等)e.g. I know my limits, and Im not a great runner. Her ambition knows no limits. 她野心极大。 the upperlower limit: 上下限 a limited liability company (LTD): 有限责任公司 time limit: 时间限制；限期 be belowover the limit: ( 司机)饮酒未过量过量share 基本用法 1) n. the part belonging to, owed to, or done by a particular person.一份；份额e.g. I wrote a check for my share of the phone bill. A large share of their income goes toward rent. Dont you pay for all this lets go shares. 2) n. any of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company can be divided, which are offered for sale to the public.股；股票；股份 shares in Simens 在西门子公司的股票 stocks and shares 股票e.g. He recently sold his share in the restaurant for 500,000. 3) vt. to have, use, pay, or take part in (something) with others or among a group, rather than singly.共有；公用；均摊e.g. We shared the cost of the meal. We all share the responsibility for these terrible events. Its always better to share your worries and problems. At his death his property was shared between his children. Do you mind sharing a room with Jenny? 相关词 shareholder n. 持股人；股东 相关搭配 the lions share of (sth.): 最大的份额 share price: 股价 share-holding system: 股份制 go shares: 均摊 market share:市场份额 1. maintain 基本用法1 ) vt. to continue to have; keep in existence, or not allow to become less.维持；保持e.g. I hope you will maintain your recent improvement.Part of her job is to maintain good relations with our suppliers.2 ) vt. to keep (a road, machine, building, etc.) in good condition.维修；保养e.g. A large country house costs a lot to maintain.The roads around the town have been very poorly maintained.3 ) vt. to express firmly your belief that something is true. 坚决主张e.g. Some people still maintain that the Earth is flat.4 ) vt. to provide (someone) with food and whatever is necessary for them to live on.赡养e.g. They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children.相关词maintenance n. 维持；维护；保养； (法院判定由丈夫付给前妻的)赡养费相关搭配car maintenance: 汽车维修routine maintenance: 例行日常保养preventative maintenance: 预防性维修time-based maintenance: 定期保养2. launch 基本用法1 ) vt. to begin (something such as a plan) or introduce (something new such as a product).创办；发动；出版；投放市场e.g. Although a job-sharing scheme was launched a year ago, very few people have shown any interest in it.A devastating attack was launched on the rebel stronghold, leaving many of them dead.Shes planning to launch a company to make electronic toys.They held a special party to launch the new book.2 ) vt. to send (something) out, such as a new ship into water or a rocket into space. 发射； (船)下水e.g. A spokesman for the dockyard said they hoped to launch the first submarine within two years.Before launching the missile, the pilot locks it onto the target.launch a missilerockettorpedo (鱼雷)satellite3 ) n. (船)下水；发射；投放市场e.g. the launch of the space shuttleWere you at the launch of the new shipbook?相关搭配launch an assaultoffensive: 发动攻击进攻launch a campaign: 发起一场运动launch tower: 发射塔launcher: 发射架launch (ing) site: 发射场launch into: 开始e.g. He launched into a violent attack on my handling of the affair.launch out 开始；着手 (带有危险的事)e.g. He left his fathers shop and launched out into business for himself. 3. project 基本用法1 ) n. a piece of planned work or activity which is completed over a period of time and intended to achieve a particular aim.项目；工程；规划e.g. The new dam is a major construction project funded by the government.This long-term project is to help the homeless.相关搭配Project Hope: 希望工程municipal project: 市政工程water conservancy project: 水利工程jerry-built project: 豆腐渣工程first-phase project: 一期工程irrigation project: 灌溉工程2 ) v. to cause (a film, image or light) to appear on a screen or other surface.投映e.g. We dont have a screen but we can project the slides onto the back wall.If you project your emotions onto someone else, you imagine that they are feeling the same way as you without understanding that this is what you are doing.e.g. He accuses me of being bored with the relationship when all hes doing is projecting his dissatisfaction onto me!3 ) v. to stick out over an edge.向外突出e.g. One of the features of the hotel is that its dining room projects (out) over the sea.4. fit 基本用法1 ) vi.vt. to be suitable for.(使)适合e.g. This dress doesnt fit me.Will your key fit the lock?Some people think the punishment should always fit the crime.2 ) vt. to put a piece of equipment into a place, or a new part onto a machine, so that it is ready to be used. 安装fit something onto etc. something elsee.g. I need to fit a lock on the bathroom door.3 ) adj. 适合的，恰当的e.g. I dont think he is fit for the job.Shes not fit to be in charge of small children.4 ) adj. in good health, esp. as a result of exercise； strong.身体健康的，结实的e.g. be in a fit conditionShes very fit because she does a lot of ballet dancing.5 ) n. a short experience of a slight illness or an emotion. (一阵)发作e.g. a fit of coughingI hit her in a fit of anger.相关词fitful adj. 间歇的；一阵一阵的e.g. He slept fitfully. 他时睡时醒。fitness n. 身体健康e.g. Theyre doing exercises to improve their fitness.相关搭配Keep-fit class: 健身班as fit as a fiddleflea: 身体极好by fits and starts: 一阵一阵地；间歇地fit like a glove: 非常合身seethink fit (to do sth.): 认为恰当e.g. Its your responsibility you must do as you see fit.fit in: (使 )符合，适合，适应e.g. His ideas did not fit in with our aims.Ill try to fit my holidays in with yours.fit up: 装备；装置e.g. We had to fit up one of the bedrooms as an office.5. range 基本用法1 ) n. series of items from which the customer can choose. (商店内供出售的同类货品的)系列e.g. We offer a wide range of sizes and range of styles.Try our new range of beauty products.There is a widebroad range of opinions on this issue.2 ) n. the levels or areas within or to which something is limited (变动范围,变化幅度)e.g. Several cars are available within this price range.Temperatures are expected to be in the range of 75 to 85 degrees.They said that particular issue had not been within the range of the research.3 ) v. (usually + adverb or preposition) to include a variety of different things or people (在某范围内变化) range from sth. to sth.e.g. The childrens ages range from 5 to 15.Their reactions range from anger to humiliation. range between sth. and sth.e.g. The population of these cities ranges between 3 and 5 million inhabitants. range in agesizeprice .e.g. Her shoes range in price from 25 to 100.相关搭配medium-range weather forecast: 中期天气预报mountain range: 山脉come within range: 进入射程之内range of activities: 活动范围 东北大学、信达科技有限公司制作 高等教育出版社 高等教育电子音像出版社出版发行 adore 基本用法1） vt. to like very much.非常喜欢e.g. As a child, I adore fairy tales.2） vt. to love deeply and respect highly.（无进行体）敬慕，爱慕e.g. He adores his elder brother.相关词adoration n. 敬慕；敬仰e.g. He looked at Julia in obvious adoration.adorable adj. 迷人的；可爱的e.g. What an adorable baby!2. realize 基本用法1） vt. to understand and believe (a fact); be or become conscious of. （不用于进行式）了解；领悟；认识到e.g. He didnt realize the risk he was taking.She spoke English so well that I never realized she was German.2） vt. to make (a hope, purpose, goal, etc.) real. 使（希望、目的、目标等）实现e.g. She realized her ambition of becoming an actress.My worst fears were realized when I saw what the exam questions were.相关词realization n. 认识；体会；领悟；实现e.g. There is a realization that more work needs to be done.Getting this role in a major film was a realization of her childhood dreams.realizable adj. 可以实现的e.g. Our hopes are hardly realizable.相关搭配come to the realization that： 认识到e.g. The city council has come to the realization that transportation problems are costing the city money.realize ones long-cherished wish： 实现夙愿self-realization： 本人才能的充分发挥3. row 基本用法1） n. a noisy quarrel; a public argument; a dispute or controversy.争吵；辩论；争论e.g. Rows aboutover money are the common reason for the breakdown of marriages.have rowsa row with sb.： 与某人争吵e.g. I had a row with my boyfriend last night.2） n. a noise.（贬义）喧闹声；吵闹声make a row： 吵吵嚷嚷e.g. Stop making such a row; I cant sleep.3） vi. (British English) to argue in an angry way.争吵；吵架e.g. They were rowing aboutover money as usual.Im not going to row with you Id just like you to explain.4） vt. to move a boat through the water with oars.划船e.g. Can you row (a boat)?5） n. a neat line (of people or things) side by side. 一排；一行；一列e.g. a row of housesWe sat in the third row of the stalls.相关搭配in rowsa row： (排成、站成)一排行列e.g. The children stood in a row.Plant the seedlings in parallel rows.in a row： 一个接一个地；没有间断e.g. His job allows him to take several days off in a row.row upon row： 一排一排地e.g. She could see row upon row of people waiting to be served.a blazing row： 大吵一顿e.g. We had a blazing row a couple of years ago and I havent seen her since.4. turn 基本用法1） vivt. to move around a central or fixed point.旋转；转动e.g. She turned the key in the lock.I turned the screw a few more times to tighten it.2） vi. to change so as to become (esp. sth. bad). 转变成（尤指不好的状况）；使成为e.g. She suddenly turned pale when she heard the bad news.The milk has turned sour.The kings trusted minister turned traitor and poisoned him.3） vt. to go round.拐过；拐弯e.g. The car turned the corner.4） n. 转动；旋动；转弯；顺序e.g. Dont pull the handle; give it a turn.Make a right turn after the bank.You have missed your turn so youll have to wait.相关搭配turn ones back on： 反对turn a deaf ear to： 对充耳不闻turn a blind eye to： 对视而不见take turns： 轮流the turn of the century： 世纪之交by turns： 轮流；依次out of the turn： 不合时宜地；鲁莽地5. spend 基本用法1） vt. to pass or use (time).消磨（时间）；度过（时间）spend sth. doing sth. (with sb.)e.g. We spent a pleasant hour or two talking with our friends.Hes spent half his life writing this book.2） vi.vt. to give out in payment for goods or services. 用（钱）；花费spend sth. on sth.e.g. They spend a lot of money on advertising.3） vt. to wear out or use completely. 耗尽；用尽e.g. The storm soon spent itselfits force.相关词spender n. 花费者spent adj. 用过的；失效的；不再使用的e.g. spent cartridge 空弹壳 Do you think Scottish nationalism is now a spent force (no longer has power or influence)? spending n. 花费；支出e.g. governmentpublicstate spendingdefenseeducationhealth spending相关搭配spending money： 零花钱spendthrift： 奢侈的人money well spent： 值得花的钱e.g. The repairs cost quite a lot, but it was money well spent. 1. involve（一般不用进行时） 基本用法1） vt. (of a situation or action) to have as the people or things taking part. （情况、行动）牵涉;涉及e. g. The accident involved a bus and a truck.It was a big police operation involving over a hundred officers.2） vt. to cause (someone or oneself) to become connected or concerned.（使别人或者自己）卷入；使介入e. g. The goal is to involve workers in the decision-making process.Its best not to involve yourself in other peoples private affairs.3） vt. to have as a necessary part or result; entail. 包含；需要；使成为必要部分（必然结果）e. g. Most research and development projects involve some elements of risk.involve + doing:e. g. The job involves traveling abroad for three months each year.相关词involved adj. complicated and difficult to understand.复杂难懂的e. g. She gave a long involved explanation that no one could follow.常与involved连用的副词： actively, closely, directly, heavily.involvement n. 卷入；涉入e. g. The police are investigating his possible involvement in the crime.The problem requires the active involvement of the local government.常与involvement连用的动词: encourage, require, support, welcome.相关搭配be / become / get involved: 牵涉进e. g. If I were you I wouldnt get involved in their problems.He denied that he was involved with organized crime. 2. content 基本用法1） adj. satisfied; happy; not wanting more than one has.满足的；满意的；知足的 content + withe. g. He is content with his present life. content + to doe. g. John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.2） vt. to make happy or satisfied.使满意；使满足e. g. I was no longer satisfied with the life that had once contented me.content yourself with sth.:e. g. Firms in the industry realize they may have to content themselves with lower sales than before.3） n. the subject matter.内容e. g. I like the style of his writing but I dont like the content.contents the things that are in a box, bag, room, etc.所含之物e. g. The jewelry box and its contents are priceless. a table of contents (=a list at the beginning of a document that shows the different parts into which it is divided).目录e. g. He cast his eyes down the contents page.相关词contented adj. satisfied; quietly happy. 满意的；满足的；知足的e. g. a contented smilediscontent n. the state of not being satisfied. 不满足；不满意contentment n. 满意；满足e. g. the contentment of a well-fed baby相关搭配to ones hearts content: 痛痛快快地；尽情地e. g. Its weekend, so you can sleep to your hearts content.in contentment: 满意；满足e. g. The cat purred in obvious contentment. 3. advance 基本用法1）v. (on, upon, against) to move forward in position, development, etc.前进；推进；进展e. g. Our understanding of human genetics has advanced considerably.2） vt. to help, improve, or bring advantage to (a process, development, etc.). 推进，促进（进程、发展等）e. g. His provocative comments will do nothing to advance the cause of world peace.3） vt. to put forward.提出e. g. The report advances the suggestion that safety standards should be improved.4） vt. to bring forward to an earlier date or time.把提前e. g. They decided to advance the date of the meeting from Wednesday to Monday.5） n. forward mov