高考英语名词考点及练习题

高考英语名词考点及练习题 研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。 单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。 一、对同义词、近义词的考查 1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics。 A.approaches B.means C.methods D.ways 【答案】D。 【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。 【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。 二、对相似词的考查 2、Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 【答案】B。 【解析】 从选项中名词的拼写来看，不但形式相似，都是以tions为后缀，而且instructions 和introductions读音也相似，我们平时如果不注意单词的辨形、辨音，很容易混淆，再加上四个单词的含义也相似，有的考生被弄得晕头转向。本题要求在辨形的基础上还要知道这几个词的含义：explanation，“解释”;instruction，“说明”;description，“描述”;introduction，“介绍”。本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，按量服用”。答案是B。 三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。 3、_achievement，last weeks ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade. A.In terms of B.In case of C.As a result of D.In face of 【答案】A。 【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”，C项表“因为”，D项表“面对”，A项表“关于、至于”，符合题意。 4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of_。 A.date B.shape C.order D.balanee 【答案】B。 【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”;out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”;out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。 【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。 四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展 近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. A.strengths B.benefits C.techniques D.values 【答案】A。 【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。 【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases . A. relaxation B. disappointment C. relief D. surprise 2、The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural_. A.transplant B.transformation C.transportation D.translation 3、The map was drawn to the standard _ of 1:100,000. So there was not much detail. A. route B. line C. rate D.scale 4、Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious without scientific basis. A process B practice C procedure D program 5、Mr Smith had an unusual :he was first an office clerk, then a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher. A profession B oupation C position D career 6、Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium;it is . A firm B pany C corporation Dbusiness 7、The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _. A. oasion B. condition C. evaluation D. situation 8.Paul has gone abroad to try his luck. In my _, his decision is not wise. A. word B. view C. sight D. way 9.Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well. No _ he es out first in the exams. A. answer B. question C. wonder D. problem 10. As is well known, the brain performs a very important _, which controls the nerve system of the body. A.motion B. action C. function D. fact 11. At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics. A. means B. methods C. ways D. approa hes 12. The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and Peoples Olympics will allow Bei * g to bee the focal point for tourists fr.m across the globe. A. theme B. purpose C. task D. brand 13. On yesterdays interview, he didn t make a(n) at all ; what s the matter with him? A. apology B. appearance C. difference D. change 14.-If you like,l can do some shopping for you. -Its a very kind A. service B. point C. suggestion D. offer 15. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be. A. feeling B. opinion C. ment D. reaction 16. What he told us about the situation simply doesnt make any A. sense B. idea C. meaning D. mistake 17. Increasing supplies of fruits and vegetables to enable all people to have _ to them is a major challenge. A. attempt B. allowance C. aess D. admission 18. Jeff,a British hiker,has prepared a variety of clothes of different for his travel from South China to the Noah. A. measures B. weights C. sizes D. lengths 19. We need to consider what we will be using for language training. A. abilities B. appliances C. facilities D. qualities 20. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 2l. The kind of office equipment will certainly make a(n) to the way 1 do my job. A. sense B. difference C. effect D. meaning 22. l was really unwilling to play chess with him, but 1 had to meet the from him. A. demand B. challenge C. need D. petition 23. He isn t honest at all. Under no should you lend him any money. A. time B. case C. circumstances D. means 24. Don t try to persuade ynur boss ; he won t have the of employing me - a fresh student. A. intention B. attention C. sense D. attraction 25. When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be a hopeless A. situation B. case C. condition D. state 26. I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the of all my classmates. A. wish B. respect C. envy D. admire 27. There s no from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys. A. view B. scene C. sight D. look 28. The Chinese are looking forward to the first to land on the Moon aft