宾语从句和表语从句---PPT课件VIP

.,1,Grammar,名词性从句(Nounclause),.,2,1.名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词性作用的句子叫做名词性从句。名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句可以分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,.,3,2.宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。引导宾语从句词有连词：that，if，whether（不担当句子成分)，(that有时可省，没有词义）；连接代词：who，whom,whose，what，which（有词义，在句中充当一定成分，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语）；连接副词:when,where，how，why（有词义，作状语）。,.,4,Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语Theyknowtheteacherisaman.主语谓语宾语从句句子做宾语就是宾语从句。,.,5,宾语从句TheObjectClause,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g.Hedoesntknowhowheshouldfinishhistask.,(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshoulddoinmywork,.,6,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g.Ithoughtitnotnecessarythathecamebackearlier.,(4)否定的转移:若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkyouareright.,.,7,（5）.宾语从句的时态：当主句为一般现在时，从句可以灵活使用各种时态;当主句为一般过去时，从句只能使用相应的过去时态；但如果从句表达客观真理时，从句时态仍然用一般现在时。,Ithinkthatitwillraintomorrow.,Shetoldusthatshehadborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.,Thefathertoldhissonthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.,.,8,（6）在demand,order,suggest,insist,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”，如：SherequestthatIshouldfinishmyworkat9:00.,(7)宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothehospital?,.,9,（8）在名词性从句中whether和if含义均为“是否”，但用法有区别，主要区别如下：a引导宾语从句时whether与if可以互换:Sheaskedmewhether/iftheteacherwouldleave.,b引导表语从句、同位语从句时只能用whether引导；ThequestionwaswhetherTomhasgonetoShanghai.,c位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；Whethertheywillcomeisunknown.,d作介词的宾语或同不定式连用时只能用whether；Italldependsonwhethertheywillhelpus.,.,10,e和or(not)连在一起时只能用whether引导；Themealwillbereadyforherwhethershecomesornot.,f.用if会引起理解混淆时，只能用whether，如:Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.,g.在否定形式的宾语从句中只能用if引导，如：Idontcareifhedontcome.,.,11,(9)宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：a.当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；b.当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。C.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句,Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.,Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,.,12,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when,exercise,.,13,6.Haveyoufoundout_wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether9.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation,.,14,10.Hesuggestedthatwe_totheparklater.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.hasgone11.Hedoesntknow_togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether12.Didshesayanythingabout_wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether,.,15,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句，that不可省)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what(充当“主语,宾语,定语,表语，有自己的词义.)连接副词：when/where/why/how/because(有词义，充当时间,地点,方式,原因状语.),.,16,Shewaslate.,Thefactisthatshewaslateforthemeeting.,_,_,表语,表语从句,.,17,(1).其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句a.because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause”结构中。Hewassenttohospital.Thatisbecausehewasill.b.asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.,.,18,1.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere2.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that3.Hemadeapromise_hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which4.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtis_Lucywillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why,exercise,.,19,单句改错1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherear