高考必考点之(状语从句)考点大全.ppt

Overviewofadverbialclauses,Grammarandusage,句子的分类,AdverbialClauses,状语从句,DefinitionAnadverbialclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasanadverb.Comparethetwosentences:Everymorninghesitsthere.Everymorninghesitswherethereisapalmtree.,Time时间状语从句Place地点状语从句Reason原因状语从句Condition条件状语从句Purpose目的状语从句Result结果状语从句Manner方式状语从句Concession让步状语从句Contrast比较状语从句,AdverbialClause,AdverbialClauses在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。,高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用,1.AdverbialClauseofTime,常用连接词：when/while/as,since,till/until,before,once,assoonas特殊连接词：immediately/directly/instantlythemoment/theinstant/theminute,bythetime,eachtime/everytime/whenevernosoonerthan,hardly(scarcely)when,从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时表示将来完成时1.While（当时）Jennywasdoingthewashingup,JanewaswatchingTV.2.Thetrainhadleftbythetime（到时）theyrushedtothestation.,1.AdverbialClauseofTime,3.Theinstant（一就）Isawhim,IknewIhaveseenhimbefore.4.Everytime（每次）Iwenttovisithim,hewasplayingcomputergames.5.Eachtime（每当）wemetwithdifficulties,theycametoourhelp6.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethan（刚就）itbegantorain.,1.AdverbialClauseofTime,2.AdverbialClauseofPlace,常用连接词：where特殊连接词：everywhereanywherewhereverPutthekeywhereyoucanfinditlater.Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。（谚语）Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪。（谚语）,3.AdverbialClauseofReason,常用连接词：becausesinceasfor特殊连接词：thatinthatnow(that)seeingthatconsideringthatgivingthatforthereasonthat,3.AdverbialClauseofReason,1.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2.Heisabsenttoday,becauseforheisill.3.Hemustbeillforheisabsenttoday.,3.AdverbialClauseofReason,4.Imhappythatyouvetoldthetruth.5.Somepeoplesaymandiffersfromanimalsinthatwehavetheabilitytolaugh.6.Consideringthathiswifehasjusthadabadcold,hedecidedtogotothepartyalone.,4.AdverbialClauseofCondition,常用连接词:if,unless,as/solongas特殊连接词:providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat,giventhatIf引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种，虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。,4.AdverbialClauseofCondition,1.IwillgotothepartyifIaminvited.2.Iwontgotothepartyunlessinvited.3.Wellletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitclean.4.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.5.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.,5.AdverbialClauseofPurpose,常用连接词：sothat,inorderthat特殊连接词：lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat从句中的谓语动词常常用may,might,can,could,should等情态动词1.Speakloudersothateveryonecanhearyou.,5.AdverbialClauseofPurpose,2.Theystartedearlyinorderthattheycouldarrivehomebeforedinnertime.3.Wedarenotplayjokesonhimlesthe(should)beangry.4.Westoodunderthetreequietlyforfearthatthebird(should)flyaway.,表示目的的几种句型表达Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.,6.AdverbialClauseofResult,常用连接词:so/suchthat,sothat特殊连接词:tothe/suchadegreethat,totheextentthatHegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.Itssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.,6.AdverbialClauseofResult,Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldntsleeplastnight.Hishumourwassuchastomakeusalllaugh.=Hewassohumourousastomakeusallalugh.=Hewassohumourousthatwealllaugh.,7.AdverbialClauseofManner,常用引导词：as,asif,asthough特殊引导词：how,theway,AistoBwhatCistoD/CistoD1.Youdbettertakethingsastheyare.2.WheninRome,doastheRomando.3.Foodistomeniswhatoilistomachine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。,7.AdverbialClauseofManner,4.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.在asif或asthough引导的状语从句中多用过去时表示虚拟语气。5.HelookedatmeasifIweremad.6.Heactedasthoughhehadbeentherebefore.,8.AdverbialClauseofConcession,常用连接词:though,although,evenifeventhough特殊连接词：while(一般用于句首),as(用于倒装结构)whetheror,wh-ever=nomatterwh-,8.AdverbialClauseofConcession,1.Thoughheisyoung,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.=Youngasheis,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.2.Althoughheisachild,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.=Childasheis,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.,9.AdverbialClauseofContrast,常用连接词:asas,notso/asas(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊连接词:the+比较级,the+比较级;1.Thelittlegirlwantstobeascleverasherbrother.2.Hedoesntworksohardasyoudo.,9.AdverbialClauseofContrast,3.Themoreyouworry,thelessyoullsucceed.4.Shedidworseinthetestthansheexpected.,9.AdverbialClauseofContrast,5.这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.,9.AdverbialClauseofContrast,6.今年的收入是去年的两倍。Theincomeofthisyearistwicethatoflastyear.Theincomeofthisyearistwicewhatitwaslastyear.,.,考点一高频连接词,29,when/while/aswhen:持续性非持续性动词都可1)当时候Areyougoingtobeasailorwhenyouleaveschool?2)正在忽然when=atthistime/atthattimesb.wasdoingwhensbwasabouttodo/wasgoingtodowhensbhasjustdonewhen,3)表示原因“既然”“考虑到”，相当于since;consideringthat。Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouvegotsuchagoodonealready?,whileWhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_)WhileIreallydontlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=_)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_),when,although,aslongas,而,1.Shesangassheworked.一边一边2.Smartasheis,hedoesntstudyhard.虽然，尽管3.YoumusttrytodoasIdid.依照，按照4.Asshewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.因为5.Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolde随着,beforeItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Itwontbehalfayearbeforewemeetagain.Wesailedfourdaysandnightsbeforewesawtheland.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.,肯定句“才”否定句“就”,itwillbe+一段时间before.多久之后才.,itwontbe+一段时间before.不久就.,sincebeforewhenthat,Itis+时间+,易混淆句型,Itsthreedayssincehereturnedhome.Itwasthreedaysbeforehereturnedhome.Itwillbethreedaysbeforehereturnedhome.Itwasthreedayslaterthathereturnedhome.Itwasthreeoclockwhenhegothome.Itwasatthreeoclockthathegothome.,where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系where：引导定语从句时，相当于in/at/towhich;where：引导状语从句时，相当于in/at/totheplacewherePleasemakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveaquestion.定语从句Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.状语从句,unless除非，如果不相当于ifnotMostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,but_theyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydontuseanest.A.whyB.howC.unlessD.where,because,since,as,forbecause:直接原因，非推断。语气最强回答whysince:显而易见的已知的原因，译为“既然”，通常放句首。as：不谈自明的原因，语气最弱for:附加、推断的原因，通常放放句中，引导后半句表原因。1.Whyareyoulate?Becausemycarbrokedownontheway.,2.ItwasbecausemycarbrokedownonthewaythatIwaslate.3.Itmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.4.IdidntgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.5.Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting.6.Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.,so/suchthatso+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a(n)+n.+thatsuch+a(n)+adj.+n.+thatsuch+adj.+n.(UC)/n.(pl.)+that+,Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.=Heissogoodateacherthatweallrespecthim.=Sogoodateacherishethatweallrespecthim.=Suchagoodteacherishethatweallrespecthim.,Hemadesuchrapidprogressthattheteacherpraisehim.Hemadesomuchprogressthattheteacherpraisehim.,“一就”的表达法assoonashardly/scarcelywhennosoonerthatthemoment/minute/second/instantimmediately/instantly/directlyon/upon+n./doing,他一到达车站汽车就发动了。Assoonas(连词)hearrivedatthestation,thebusstarted.=Hardly(连词)hadhearrivedatthestationwhenthebusstarted.=Nosooner(连词)hadhearrivedatthestationthanthebusstarted.,=Immediately(副词)hearrivedatthestation,thebusstarted.=Themoment(名词)hadhearrivedatthestationwhenthebusstarted.=Upon/On(介词)hisarrivalatthestation,thebusstarted.,until/till均可用于肯定句，但until可用于句首，till则不可。肯定句：Sheslepttill/untilmidnight.Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.否定句：Shedidntarriveuntilmidnight.,Hedidntgotobeduntilhefinishedhiswork.=Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegotobed.(倒装句)=Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(强调句),however,whateverhowever：后接adj.或adv.,相当于nomatterhowwhatever：后接n.,相当于nomatterwhat。,Howeverdifficultitmaybe,youshouldntgiveup.Whateverdifficultiesyoumaycomeacross,youshouldntgiveup.Howevermanydifficultiesyoumaycomeacross,youshouldntgiveup.Youcandresshoweveryoulike.Youcanwearwhateveryoulike.,区别几组词1aslongas和asfarasaslongas=solongas只要Asfaras=sofaras就而言；到程度2onlyif和ifonlyonlyif只要Ifonly要是就好了,3asif和evenifasif似乎，好像evenif即使，纵然4despite和althoughdespite(介词)虽然although(连词)虽然5with和aswith(介词)随着as(连词)随着,.,考点二状语从句中成分的省略,53,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况省略或变化：“系表”结构省略be动词；被动语态省略助动词be；主动语态的动词则变为doing。*after,before,since后接beingdone表示被动。,Ifnecessary(如果有必要的话),Illexplainittoyouagain.Thoughlacking(lack)money,theysenttheirchildrentoschool.Hestoppedasiftosee(see)ifsomeonefollowedhim.,状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。,Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。另外，比较状语从句经常省略。Imtallerthanhe(istall).Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).,【注意】：当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。=Themeetingover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.,.,考点三时态一致性,59,在时间或条件状语从句中，当主句是将来时的时候，从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。要注意时态一致。Theyaregoingtohaveapicnicifitdoesntrainnextweek.AssoonasIhavefinishedthiswork,Iwillhavegonehome.,.,考点四状语从句与倒装句,61,as引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装as表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时，出于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。句型为：名词/形容词/过去分词+as/though+主语+动词+主句,1.Thoughheisasmallchild,heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.Childasheis,heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.2.Thoughheworkedhard,heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.Hardasheworked,heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.,3.Thoughyoumayfail,youshouldnevergiveup.Failasyoumay,youshouldnevergiveup.4.Thoughitwasrainingheavilyoutside,theystartedoutveryearly.Heavilyasitwasrainingoutside,theystartedoutveryearly.,5._,Carolinacouldntgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry,6._,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quiteashemaybeastudent,so,such引导的结果状语从句置于句首，会引起倒装。1.Soangrywashethatheyelledatme.2.Suchanicedaywasitthatwepicnickedonthegrass.3.Sodifficult_ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskedTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound,“only+状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变Onlywhenthewarwasover_tohishometown.A.didtheyoungsoldierreturnB.theyoungsoldierreturned.C.returnedtheyoungsoldierD.theyoungsoldierdidreturn,notuntil从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize,表示“一就”的两个常见结构“Nosoonerhadthan.”“Hardly/Scarcelyhadwhen.”.DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?No,nosooner_thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone,.,考点五注意区分不同从句,71,引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.地点状语从句Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.定语从句，句中有先行词Idontknowwherehecamefrom.宾语从句Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.主语从句Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.表语从句,.,考点六并列句与状语从句,73,并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。,常见的并列句1.表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有and,notonlybutalso，neithernor,notbut等。2.表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or,eitheror，otherwise等。Eitheryouareright,orIam.,3.表转折对比关系：常用的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等。Thecarisold,(and/but)yetitisingoodcondition.=Thecarisold,butitisingoodcondition.=Thecarisold.However(=Nevertheless=Still),itisingoodcondition.*but不与although连用，但yet,still可与although连用。,4.表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so,for。TheshopswereclosedsoIdidntgetanymilk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。*for常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。,5.用祈使句表示条件状语从句1)“祈使句+and+陈述句”=“if引导的肯定条件句+陈述句”。2)“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”=“if引导的否定条件句+陈述句”。Workhard,andyoullgetgoodgrades.(改为含有条件状语从句的复合句)Ifyouworkhard,youllgetgoodgrades.,1.UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess_itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.A.untilB.butC.unlessD.for2.Theoldteacherfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,_hereyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or,3.Sheisseriouslyill,_shedoesntgiveuphope.A.thoughB.butC.stillD.however4.Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,_youllfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.A.tillB.orC.andD.but,1.状语从句的种类2.状语从句中的六大考点：高频连接词；状语从句中成分的省略；时态的一致性；状语从句与倒装句；注意区分不同从句；并列句与状语从句。,summary,1._scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldontknow.（2015安徽23）A.OnceB.SinceC.ThoughD.Unless2._heoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.（2015安徽34）A.WhereB.AsC