选修7unit1grammar.ppt

RevisetheInfinitive,Unit1Grammar,Martysays,2.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker,Unfortunately,thedoctorsdontknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.,3.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.,Sentencesfromthisunit:,4.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.,6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.,Martysays,5.IamhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando,likewritingandcomputerprogramming.,Martysays,7.LastyearIinventedandabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.,8.Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.,10.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.,9.Tolookaftermypetsproperlytakesalotoftime,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。,不定式,动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive,1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)7独立结构(absoluteconstruction),一、不定式作主语(subject),Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.ItsimportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionarywhenyoustudyEnglish.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。,Myjobtoprotecttheworld.Yourtaskisto_.,is,二、不定式作表语(predicative),Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.,不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。,Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。,JeremyLinlikestoplaybasketball.Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.Wehopetogettherebeforedark.,三、不定式作宾语(object),常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish,四、不定式作宾补(objectcomplement),Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,+sb.todosth.,notice,listento,hear,watch,五看,see,lookat,observe,三使,let,make,have,二听,一感觉:,feel,+sb.dosth.（不带to）,1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.,当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：,MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.,Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.,不定式做宾补时不带to的情况,1不定式在感官动词(feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,notice,observe)后；,2使役动词(let,have,make)后边作宾补时,省去to,但是在被动语态中要还原to；,3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。,1)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2)Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3)Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.,五、不定式作定语(attribute),1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.,1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a)Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.(b)Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.,不定式作定语,不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。,(1)动宾关系,(2)主谓关系,(3)同位关系,2.当被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.,3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,eg:Ivegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.,注意比较：,1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）,（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）,5.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite_.,on,4.也可用在havetodo和therebe句型中。,Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.,Igotupearlyto_.Youcamehereto_.,inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too.to,catchthetrain,六、不定式作状语(adverbial),在一些短语中也有体现,eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.,1)表示目的:toinordertosoasto,不定式作状语,2)表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。,eg:Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,so+adj./adv.+astodosuch+n.+astodoadj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo,Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.,3)结果状语:,Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.,tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruth,七、独立结构(absoluteconstruction),1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.,Identifyitsfunction.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),4.Idonthavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(objectcomplement),动词不定式的时态和语态,todo,tohavedone,tobedoing,tohavebeendoing,tobedone,tohavebeendone,(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般时表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。),(完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。),(4)Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行时表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。),不定式的时态,不定式的一般时todoIamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。,不定式的进行时tobedoing,Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。,不定式的完成时tohavedone,Hehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。,Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidntgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned,Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成时在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。,不定式的语态,主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.,1.prefern.(doing)ton.(doing)2.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.3.wouldratherdo4.wouldrather+句子（虚拟语气）5.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.todoadvise/allow/permit/forbiddoing,固定词组和句型,几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停下来去做某事doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事doingsth.忘记已做了某事,remembertodosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得曾经做某事,Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.,1.主语+be+adj.+todo,能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.,2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todo,Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.,3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo,1.LastsummerItookacourseon_.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade,2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs_,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing,4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout5._lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept,6.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto7.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating,Review,不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、状语和定语。不定式的完成时：to+have+动词的过去分词不定式的被动式：to+be+动词的过去分词,Individualactivity,注:另附word文档。点击此处链接,1._thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东)A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,I.Multiplechoice.,2.LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)_birdskeptincagesinordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree.(2007重庆)A.issaidtobebuyingB.issaidtohaveboughtC.hadsaidtobuyD.hassaidtohavebought,3.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(2008全国)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed4.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding,5.Davidthreatened_hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported6.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew_withallbyourselveseveryday.(2009重庆)A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing,7.Thechildrenallturned_thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.(2009全国I)A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat8.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation_informationinamoreeffectiveway.(2009北京)A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent,9.WithFathersDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_presentsformydad.(2010全国I)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought10.Wewereastonished_thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound,11.Ihavealotofreadings_beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted12.Inmanypeoplesopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant_.(2010四川)A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith,13.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars_asacarpenterbefore.(2011上海春)A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedD.tohavebeenworking,14.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable_.(2011福建)A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold15.Theability_anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed,16.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_tothenewstudents.(2012江西)A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken17.Thismachineisveryeasy_.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012辽宁)A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate,18.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_lives,includingyourown.(2013北京)A.changeB.changingC.changedD.tochange19.Istoppedthecar_ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.(2013山东)A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken,20._warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.(2013湖南)A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay,1.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_arebothgreathappiness.2.据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_.3.根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported_.,Toloveandtobeloved,tohavefinished/completed,hiswork,II.Translation.,tohavearrivedsafely,4.我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike_.5.玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。Maryseemed_.6.众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_agoldmedalattheOlympics.,toberepairedatonce,tohavebeentoldaboutit,tohavebeengiven,/immediately,III.阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。,Childrenaren