各种各样的that从句

各种各样的that从句that 引导的各种从句在英语中很常见，且是历年高考的必考点。请看以下近年各地高考中出现的几种that引导的从句。1.(2011山东卷).The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that2.（2011天津卷）Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where3. (2010 全国) I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what4.（2010北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether5（2009天津）It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that相信通过以下讲解，你会做出正确选择的。that 在定语从句中的使用that当关系代词使用时可以引导限定性定语从句，修饰人或事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。例如：1. He has two sons who work in the same company. 他有两个在同一家公司工作的儿子。2. The measures that the government has taken to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable have proved effective. 政府采取的降低日用品价格以保持物价稳定的措施被证明是行之有效的。故上述第1题的答案应为D。关系代词that在定语从句中充当主语，指物。必须用关系代词that的几种情况：1. 先行词为不定代词all, everything, something, anything, much, none, little, fewAll that we want is peace and freedom. 我们要的是和平和自由。所以上述第3题的正确答案为B。关系代词that 指代先行词something。2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、the only, the very修饰Jobs is the only person that could have built Apple, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.乔布斯是唯一能建立苹果（公司）的人。他的精神将永远是苹果的基石。This is the very book that I have been longing to get. 这正是我一直渴望得到的书。3. 并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。4关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语The modern plane is no longer the machine that it was when first invented.现代飞机不是刚发明的那种飞机了。（that代替the machine，作was的表语，可以省略）5先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物This is the same purse that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the sameas.The dictionary of yours is very practical, and I want to buy the same dictionary as you. 6以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用thatWhich is the bus that you will take? 你要乘的是哪一班车？7. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster? 和我们校长说话的那人是谁？另外，that也可用作关系副词，表示时间、地点、原因和方式，在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下结构中可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如：Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting? 这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗？the reason 做先行词时，关系副词可以用why, 也可以用that。This is the first time (that) I have been abroad for traveling. 这是我第一次到国外去旅游。先行词是time,前面有序数词first或last修饰时，常用that引导定语从句或者省略。I dont the way you speak to her. 我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。当先行词为表示方式的词the way时，可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。that 引导的名词从句that可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，本身无具体意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。现将that引导的这4种从句归纳如下：一、 引导主语从句1. that引导主语从句时, 不能省略, 从句语序用陈述句语序, 通常放在句首。如： That the crime was done deliberately is quite clear.显而易见，这是故意犯罪。2. that引导的主语从句有时会很长, 显得头重脚轻, 此时，通常用it 作形式主语, 而将主语从句置于句末。如：It is reported that the USA has become a prime target for terrorist attacks.据报道美国以成为恐怖袭击的主要目标。这样可以看出以上第5题选项为D。其中that没有功能和含义，但不能省略。二、 引导宾语从句1. that引导宾语从句时，在非正式文体或口语中，that一般可以省略。如：Some US politicians claim that China has been devaluing the yuan deliberately to increase its exports.一些美国政客宣称中国为了增加出口而故意使人民币贬值。2. 当that 引导的宾语从句带补足语时, 或其主句的谓语为带介词的短语动词,如: depend on, insist on, see to (确保)等, 接that引导的宾语从句时, 要借助于it 作形式宾语, 而把从句放在句末。如：He has made it clear that he has nothing to do with the matter.When you leave the classroom, see to it that the door is closed. 当你离开教室时，务必锁上门。3. that引导的宾语从句，that常省略。若一个动词带两个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，第二个that不能省略，以免引起歧义。如：In his repot Premier Wen emphasized （that）we want economy to grow and that we equally we want low inflation. 在报告中温总理强调我们要经济增长，同时我们也要保持低通胀。4. that引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语，但except that（除了）和in that(因为)除外。如：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door to us.我对他一无所知，只知道他住在我们隔壁。（except后的that不能省略）三、 引导表语从句that引导表语从句时, 用来解释主语的内容，一般不省略。如：The reason for his being late is that he missed the first bus. 显然，以上第4题选项为B。其中that没有功能和含义，但不能省略。四、 引导同位语从句that引导同位语从句时, 通常放在fact（事实）, idea（想法）, hope（希望）, conclusion（结论）, evidence（论据）, opinion（观点）等名词后。其功能是诠释说明名词的具体内容。其中that不能省略。如：At the summit, Hu put it, China will live up to its promise that it will make effective moves to control the emission of carbon dioxide. 在峰会上，胡锦涛指出中国将兑现其诺言，即采取有效措施控制二氧化碳的排放。所以以上第2题选项是C。其中that没有功能和含义，但不能省略。为了保持句子平衡，有时that引导的同位语从句和它所修饰的名词被其它成分隔开。如：The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 小试身手：翻译下列句子。1. 作为学生，你现在要做的唯一事情就是努力学习。（用定语从句）2. 杰克变化很大，他再也不是三年前那个精力充沛的年轻人了。（用定语从句）3. 规章上规定任何人不能在校园吸烟。（用主语从句）4. 他认为自己错了并要向我道歉。（用宾语从句）5. 消息传来了，四十名乘客在这起车祸中丧生。(用同位语从句)6. 我的建议是把会议推迟到星期五。（用表语从句）Key:1. As a student, the only thing that you should do is to work hard.2. Jack has changed a lot. He is no longer the energetic young man that he was three years ago.3. It is required in the regulation that nobody is allowed to smoke in campus.4. He thought he was wrong and that he should make an apology to me.5. Word came that forty passengers had been killed in the traffic accident.6. My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting until Friday. 单项选择1. Its not necessary to explain the truth _ there is spring wind, there is green grassAwhich wherever Bthat whichCwhich when Dthat wherever2. - Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for lunch? - Well, _ will do for me. Im not particular about food. A. that; anythingB. which; everythingC. what; eitherD. that; something3. - Is oxyge