奥美课程设计109

,ProgrammeDesign课程设计,Identifyneeds确认需求,Designtheprogramme设计课程,Setobjectives设立目标,Selectmethodsofmeasurement选定评估方法,Measurethechangeinperformance评估行为/表现上的改变,Runtheprogramme执行课程,TheTrainingCycle训练循环图,DesignComponents设计原素,Whatwehaveforthemtolearn我们有什麽要给他们学的?,Whotheyareandwhattheyknownow他们是谁?他们已经知道了什麽?,Howtheylearn他们如何学习,AdultLearning成人学习,HowDoYouStopYourselfFromLearning?你如何让你自己停止学习,Inordertohelpotherpeoplelearnandchange,youneedtodiscoverhowyoulearn&changeandunderstandthewaysinwhichyoustopyourselffromlearning.为了要帮助他人学习及改变,你必需去了解你自己是如何学习,如何改变,和到底是什麽东西使你自己停止学习的.Reflectonarecentformallearningactivity(training,programme,lecture,booketc.)thatyouexperiencedthatwasafailureforyou.Atthetimewhatcommentsdidyoumaketoyourself把它反映在最近一次较正式而你觉得是失败的学习活动中(例如训练,节目,课程,图书.等)当时你为自己作了什麽解释?,HowDoYouStopYourselfFromLearning?你如何让你自己停止学习(续),*Aboutthepresenter是关於上课的那个人?Aboutthematerial(Content)是关於教材(内容)*Aboutstructure&presentation?(Process)是关於上课的架构或方式?(过程)*Otherfactors-timing时间其他要素-environmental环境上的-relevancetowork跟工作的关连度Notes注解Thinkaboutthis,youmightbecomeawareofaparticularpatterninhowyoustopyourselflearning.想想看,你或许可以发现某种模式是妨碍你自我学习的.,Identifytheneed确定需求,Provideanappropriatelearningexperience提供适合的学习经验,Applylearningtoworksituation将学习运用在工作环境上,+,+,Efficienttraining有效率的训练,Participantswhoarewilling&abletolearn&change参与者愿意及可以去学习和改变,+,+,+,Identifytheneedtheneed确定需求,Provideanappropriatelearningexperience提供适合的学习经验,Applylearningtoworksituation将学习运用在工作环境上,+,+,Efficienttraining有效率的训练,Effectivelearning&development有效率的学习及成长,Identifytheneed确定需求,Provideanappropriatelearningexperience提供适合的学习经验,Applylearningtoworksituation将学习运用在工作环境上,EverySinglePersonInTheRoomIsGoingToBeTunedIntoRadioStation每个在这个房间的人都即将要被电台调整好频率,WII-FM,WhatsInItForMe?里面有什麽是给我的?,ApproachToAdultLearning成人学习的方法,Startwithneeds从需求开始Makeitreal使其真实Baseitonexperience拿经验作基本Makeitasself-directingasyoucan尽可能使其自我导向的MalcolmKnowles,StartWithTheirNeeds从他们的需求开始,Adultsaremotivatedtolearnastheydevelopneedsandintereststhatlearningwillsatisfy如果藉由学习可以满足成人们所发展出来的需求和兴趣,他们便会有动机.Adultsneedsandinterestsaretheappropriatestartingpoint成人的需求及兴趣是适合的始点.,MakeItReal使其真实,Adultorientationtolearningisworkorlifecentered成人对学习的原点是以工作或生活为主.Theappropriateframeworksfororganisingtrainingarelifeand/orworkrelatedsituationsnotacademicorrelatedsubjects训练适合的架构是建筑在跟生活或工相关的情境上,而非一些纯学术性或其他相关的东西.,BaseOnExperience经验为本,Experienceistherichestsourceforadultlearning.经验是成人学习中最富足的一个来源.Therefore,theapproachtotraininginvolvesparticipationinaplannedseriesofexperiences,theanalysisofthoseexperiencesandtheirapplicationtoworkandlifesituations因此,训练的方向应该要包含参与一连串有计划性的经验,解晰这些经验,及他们如何可以被运用在工作及生活的情境上.,MakeitSelfDirected使其自我导向,Adultshaveadeepneedtobeselfdirecting.成人对自我导向有很深的需求Thereforetheroleofthetraineristoengageasmuchaspossibleinaprocessofenquirywiththeparticipants,ratherthanjusttotransmitknowledge因此，训练的角色是如何在寻求新知的过程上与参与者作最大的结合，而非一味地传输知识,AdultsDontWantOrNeed成人不想要或不需要的,Sitting&listening(onewaycommunication)坐著、听(单向沟通)Notetaking,homeworkandalotofreading记笔记，家庭作业和一大堆该读的资料Highformalityorbeingtalkeddownto高制度化，或是上对下的方式Isolationfrompeers(theywantinteraction)跟同侪分离(他们想要有互动),AdultsDontWantOrNeed(Contd)成人不想要或不需要的(续),Test,grades考试，成绩Overloadoftheory过多的理论Aclassroomexperience(theywantalearningexperience)教室的经验(他们要学习经验)Eveningsessions(unlessthereisatradeoffforrecreationtimeinafternoon)夜晚上课(除非他们下午可以有些休闲活动),BBriefing(简介)RResources(资源)IInstructions(指引)AApplication(运用)NNotes(作笔记),AActivity(活动)LLearning(学习)IInvolvement(参与)CConsultation(谘询)EEvaluation(评估),LearningToLearn学习上的学习,Knowingthestagesofthelearningprocessandtheblockagestolearning了解学习过程中的不同阶段和阻碍学习的障碍,Makingbestuseofexistinglearningpreferences将目前喜欢的学习方法运用的极致,Understandyourownpreferredapproachtolearning了解你自己喜欢的学习方法,Carryyourunderstandingoflearningfromoff-the-jobtoon-the-jobopportunities将你对学习的了解运用在从非工作到工作上的机会,CrucialLearningSkills重要学习的技巧,Listening听Takingrisks冒风险Sharing分享Acceptinghelp接受帮忙Askingquestions发问问题Monitoringachievement观察成果Andourjobistoprovidetheenvironmentwherethesecanhappensafely而我们的工作就是去提供一个可以让这些安全发生的环境。,TraditionalVersusExperientialLearning传统v.s.经验上的学习,Focus焦点Emphasis强调Natureoflearnerinvolvement参与学习者的天性Roleofparticipant参与者的角色,Theindividual个人Content内容Intellectual聪明的Listening,memorizing,passive听、记、消极的,Thegroupandtheindividual团体及个人Content&process内容及过程Intellectual&self-knowledge聪明的/自我知识的Involvement,participation,interaction涉入、参与、互动,Element元素,Traditional传统,Experiential经验型,TraditionalVersusExperientialLearning传统v.s.经验上的学习,Relationships关系Responsibilityoffaculty部门的责任Climateforlearning学习的气氛,AdulttoChild成人对小孩Provideone-waycommunicationdevices(lecturesetc.)提供单向沟通的方式(如上课)Formal,inhibiting,status-emphasizing正式、阶级的强调,AdulttoAdult成人对成人Createconditionsforexperiencesfromwhichlearningwillresult创造可以从学习上获得经验的条件Relaxed,encouraging,status-reducing轻松具鼓励性无阶级上的强调,Element元素,Traditional传统,Experiential经验型,TraditionalVersusExperientialLearning传统v.s.经验上的学习,Responsibilityforlearningoutcome对学习成果的责任Whoseneedsaresatisfiedmost谁的需求最被满足到？Possibilityoftransferoflearningtojob将学习运用在工作上的可能性,Instructor/presenter教授/主讲人Presenter主讲人Typicallyloworuncertain通常是很低或是不确定,Participantsareresponsiblefortheirownlearningandbehaviour参与者对其自身的学习和行为要负责Participant参与者Moderatetohighdegreeformostparticipants中度到高度，对多数参与人而言,Element元素,Traditional传统,Experiential经验型,PuttingParticipationIntoYourTraining将参与放入你的训练中,Lecture上课Lecture/Discussion上课/讨论ModifiedLecture修改上课Forum会议Debate辩论GroupDiscussion小组讨论BuzzGroups噪音的小组BrainStorming动脑CaseStudy个案学习RolePlay角色扮演,Demonstration示范DemonstrationwithPractice示范加练习IndependentStudy独立学习Films/Tape/Videos影片/带子/录影带Tutorials辅导SelfDiscovery自我发现Exhibit展览FieldTrip户外郊游Simulation/Games模拟/游戏,Existingcompetencelevel既有的能力程度,AdultLearning:TheLightningBolt成人学习发亮的灯泡,Informal&personalatmosphere非正式及个人的气氛,LearnnewKSA学新的KSA,Overcomemyblockstolearning克服我对学习的障碍,Highercompetencelevel更高层次的能力,Corporatevision企业远景,Selfdirectedevaluation自我导向型的评估,Relevancetomywork&needs跟我工作及需求相关,Interactiveprocess互动的过程,Support&respect支持与尊重,Influence&involvementindesign影响及涉及设计,Takeresponsibilityforownlearning对自我学习负责,Highercompetencelevel更高层次的能力,AdultLearning成人学习:TheSquare发亮的灯泡,LearnnewKSAs学新的KSA,Informal&personalatmosphere非正式及个人的气氛,Overcomemyblockstolearning克服我对学习的障碍,AdultLearning成人学习,Existingcompetencelevel既有的能力程度,Interactiveprocess互动的过程,Influence&involvementindesign影响及涉及设计,Takeresponsibilityforownlearning对自我学习负责,Support&respect支持与尊重,Relevancetomywork&needs跟我工作及需求相关,Corporatevision企业远景,Highercompetencelevel更高层次的能力,Selfdirectedevaluation自我导向型的评估,PunctuateYourSessions懂得停顿(加标点符号),ConfessionsOfATromboneWelder喇叭焊接工的告白,Inventafantasyoccupationandanametogowithit.Writeitonthecardandstickthecardprominentlyonyourclothing.Treatthenextbreakasacocktailparty,millaround,introduceyourselftoothersaskquestionsabouttheiroccupationsandanswerquestionsaboutyours.Havefun发明一种梦幻职业，并为它取个名字。把它写下来，贴在你衣服明显的地方。把接下来的休息时间当成是一个鸡尾酒派对，四处看看，介绍自己给他人，向他人询问有关他职业的事，并且回答别人问你的问题。Trombonewelder(音乐喇叭焊接工)Elephantchiropodist(医大象脚的医师)Sharpenerofknittingneedles(研磨编针的人)Kauriwatcher(看松-植物的人)Greetingcardversepoet(写贺卡上祝词的诗人)etc.(等等.),GetFeedbackHalfWayThrough中途取得回馈,FeedBackWants想要的反应,Writedownwhatbehavioursyouwant:写下你想要什麽样的行为:a)Thefacilitator(引导人)b)Fellowparticipantsinthegroup(其他小组中的成员)c)Yourself(你自己)to.Stop(停止)Start(开始)Continue(继续)(a)(b)(c),FeedBackFaces反应的脸孔,Drawafacetorepresenthowyoufeelabouttheprogrammeatthemoment画一个脸，能代表你现在对课程的感觉e.g.(例如),happy高兴,frustrated挫败,so/so马马虎虎,sleepy想睡觉,bored无聊,confused困惑,etc.etc等等,等等.,LearningStyles学习的风格,KolbsLearningCycleKolb的学习的风格,ConcreteExperience具体的经验,AbstractConceptualising抽象的概念化,ActiveExperimentation主动的尝试,ReflectiveObservation反映性的观察,ConcreteExperience具体的经验,AbstractConceptualising抽象的概念化,ActiveExperimentation主动的尝试,ReflectiveObservation反映性的观察,LearningCycleII学习循环图II,CoachOthers指导别人,TaskCycle课题流程,LearningCycle学习流程,TakingAction有动作,Seeingresults想结果,Thinkingaboutresults看结果,Planningnexttime下一次的计划,Havinganexperience拥有经验,Concluding结论,Reviewing检视,Planning计划,LearningStyles学习的风格,ActivistHavinganexperience主动者拥有经验,ReflectorReviewingtheexperience省思者检视经验,TheoristConcludingfromtheexperience理论者从经验中作总结,PragmatistPlanningthenextsteps实用主义者计画下一步,Activists主动者Tryanythingonce任何事都试一次Tendtorevelinshorttermcrises/firefighting好像对短暂的危机感到兴趣/救火队Tendtothriveonthechallengeofnewexperiences好像会从新经验的挑战中成长更Arerelativelyboredwithimplementation&longertermconsolidation对实际执行及长期稳固感到较无Constantlyinvolvethemselveswithotherpeople持续与他人保持关系,Reflectors省思者,Theorists理论者,Pragmatists实用主义者,Reflectors省思者Liketostandbackandreviewexperiencesfromdifferentperspectives喜欢站开点，从不同角度去检视Collectdata&analyseitbeforecomingtoconclusions在作结论之前，收集并分析资料。Liketoconsiderallangles喜欢从全部方向去思考Tendtobecautious比较小心谨慎Enjoyobservingotherpeopleinaction喜欢观看别人行动,Activists主动者,Theorists理论者,Pragmatists实用主义者,Theorists理论者Keenonassumptions,principles,theories,models对假设、方针、理论及模式感兴趣Prizerationalityandlogic推崇理性及逻辑Tendtobedetachedandanalytical比较会分离作业和分析Unhappywithsubjectiveorambiguousexperiences对主观或模糊的经验感到不高兴Aretidyandfittasksintorationalschemes很整齐，将工作课程放入理性化的架构中,Reflectors省思者,Activists主动者,Pragmatists实用主义者,Pragmatists实用主义者Searchoutnewideasortechniqueswhichmightapplytotheirsituation寻求可能应用在他们情境上的新方法或技巧Takethefirstopportunitytoexperiment愿意第一个去尝试Respondtoproblems&opportunitiesaschallenges将问题及机会视为挑战ArekeentouserelevantideasfromT&Dprogrammes对从训练课程中获得的相关意见有很大兴趣仁褂Liketogetonwiththingswithclearpurpose喜欢继续进行那些有清楚目标的事情,Reflectors省思者,Theorists理论者,Activists主动者,ThinkHowTheseDifferentGroupsMightReacttoComputer101设想一下这几种不同的人会对电脑101如何反应?,WelcomeToComputerSkillsTraining101,ActivistsWow!Acolourscreen!Lookatallthekeys.thisisfun!OK,iton,whatnext?Willyoubegivingupinstructionsaswegoalong?CanIusemynameasmyaccesscode?Wow!Lookatthat!Ididitright!,ReflectorsCanIwatchyoudemonstratebeforeIhavetodoit?IsthereaninstructionmanualthatIcanreviewlater?WhocanIcallifIhavetroublerememberingallthatwecovertoday?Arewegoingtobeallowedtostopandaskquestionsaswegoalong?,TheoristsHowisafloppydiscdifferentfromaharddisc?Areyougoingtodiscusswhichisbetter?Whatdoesthetermmodemmean?Willwebelearningaboutthat?Willwebeabletoaskquestionsifwedontunderstandsomething?Howmanylessonsarewegoingtohavewithyoubeforewecanexpecttooperateacomputeronourown?Whyaretheretwotypesofcomputers,IBMandMacintosh?,PragmatistsIwonderwhatwillhappenifIpressthiskey.IhopeIwillbeallowedtogoatmyownpace.WhatwillhappenifIaccidentallyturnoffthemachine?Willwebeabletopracticebeforeyoustartthenextlesson?Iprobablybecomeacomputerwhiz!,舧欢迎来到电脑技巧训练课程101,主动者哗！一个彩色的萤幕看看这所有的键盘.多有趣啊！好了，开了，接下来呢？你会在我们进行的时候给予方向吗我可以用我的名字作为进入的代号吗？哗！看这个！我作对了！,省思者在我开始之前，可以先看看你示范吗？有使用者说明，我可以等一下看吗？如果我记不得所有今天上过的内容，我要找谁？在进行的同时，我们可以停下来问问题吗？,理论者这磁碟片跟硬体有啥不同？你会讨论那一个比较好吗？数据机代表什麽？我们会学到吗？如果对一些事情不了解，我们可以发问吗？我们要跟你学过几节课之後，我门才可以自己操作一烫缒钥为什麽会有2种电脑，个人电脑及麦金塔？,实用主义者如果按下这个按键不知会发生什麽事？我希望可以按照我自己的速度去进行如果我不小心关掉机器，会发生什麽事？我们在你下堂课开始之前，会有机会练习吗？我可能会变成一个电脑专家！產,Activists主动者,Wow!Acolourscreen!哗！一个彩色的萤幕Lookatallthekeys.thisisfun!看看这所有的键盘.多有趣啊OK,iton,whatnext?好了，开了，接下来呢？Willyoubegivingupinstructionsaswegoalong?你会在我们进行的时候给予方向吗CanIusemynameasmyaccesscode?我可以用我的名字作为进入的代号吗？Wow!Lookatthat!Ididitright!哗！看这个！我作对了！,Reflectors省思者,CanIwatchyoudemonstratebeforeIhavetodoit?在我开始之前，可以先看看你示范吗？IsthereaninstructionmanualthatIcanreviewlater?有使用者说明，我可以等一下看吗？WhocanIcallifIhavetroublerememberingallthatwecovertoday?如果我记不得所有今天上过的内容，我要找谁？Arewegoingtobeallowedtostopandaskquestionsaswegoalong?在进行的同时，我们可以停下来问问题吗？,Theorists理论者,Howisafloppydiscdifferentfromaharddisc?这磁碟片跟硬体有啥不同？Areyougoingtodiscusswhichisbetter?你会讨论那一个比较好吗？Whatdoesthetermmodemmean?Willwebelearningaboutthat?数据机代表什麽？我们会学到吗？Willwebeabletoaskquestionsifwedontunderstandsomething?如果对一些事情不了解，我们可以发问吗？Howmanylessonsarewegoingtohavewithyoubeforewecanexpecttooperateacomputeronourown?我们要跟你学过几节课之後，我门才可以自己操作一台电脑？Whyaretheretwotypesofcomputers,PCandMacintosh?为什麽会有2种电脑，个人电脑及麦金塔？,Pragmatists实用主义者,IwonderwhatwillhappenifIpressthiskey如果按下这个按键不知会发生什麽事？IhopeIwillbeallowedtogoatmyownpace.我希望可以按照我自己的速度去进行WhatwillhappenifIaccidentallyturnoffthemachine?如果我不小心关掉机器，会发生什麽事？Willwebeabletopracticebeforeyoustartthenextlesson?我们在你下堂课开始之前，会有机会练习吗？Iprobablybecomeacomputerwhiz!我可能会变成一个电脑专家！,LearningStyles学习的风格,ActivistHavinganexperience主动者拥有经验,ReflectorReviewingtheexperience省思者检视经验,TheoristConcludingfromtheexperience理论者从经验中作总结,PragmatistPlanningthenextsteps实用主义者计画下一步,WhatIsthePredominantStyleinO&M?在奥美最盛行(主要)的是那种风格？,Activists:Summary主动者摘要,Tryanythingonce任何事都试一次Tendtorevelinshorttermcrises/firefighting好像对短暂的危机感到兴趣/救火队Tendtothriveonthechallengeofnewexperiences好像会从新经验的挑战中成长更多Arerelativelyboredwithimplementation&longertermconsolidation对实际执行及长期稳固感到较无聊Constantlyinvolvethemselveswithotherpeople持续与他人保持关系,Reflectors:Summary省思者摘要,Liketostandbackandreviewexperiencesfromdifferentperspectives喜欢站开点，从不同角度去检视。Collectdata&analyseitbeforecomingtoconclusions在作结论之前，收集并分析资料。Liketoconsiderallangles喜欢从全部方向去思考Tendtobecautious比较小心谨慎Enjoyobservingotherpeopleinaction喜欢观看别人行动,Theorists:Summary理论者摘要,Keenonassumptions,principles,theories,models对假设、方针、理论及模式感兴趣Prizerationalityandlogic推崇理性及逻辑Tendtobedetachedandanalytical比较会分离作业和分析Unhappywithsubjectiveorambiguousexperiences对主观或模糊的经验感到不高兴Aretidyandfittasksintorationalschemes很整齐，将工作课程放入理性的架构中,Pragmatists:Summary实用主义者摘要,Searchoutnewideasortechniqueswhichmightapplytotheirsituation寻求可能应用在他们情境上的新方法或技巧Takethefirstopportunitytoexperiment愿意第一个去尝试Respondtoproblems&opportunitiesaschallenges将问题及机会视为挑战ArekeentouserelevantideasfromT&Dprogrammes对从训练课程中获得的相关意见有很大兴趣去使用Liketogetonwiththingswithclearpurpose喜欢继续进行那些有清楚目标的事情,LearningStyles学习风格,Activists主动者Reflectors反映者,FromrelativelyshortereandNowtasksBusinessgames,competitiveteamworkexercises从比较短期，这里，马上的工作/生意游戏，具竞争性的团队练习Fromactivitieswheretheyareabletostandback,listenandobservecollectinginformation从他们可以站在後面，听取凸鄄斓幕疃?收集资料,FromsituationsinvolvingapassiveroleListeningtolecturersreading从牵涉到一个比较消极角那榭錾?听授课者的讲义Whentheyarerushedintothingswithouttheopportunitytoplan当他们被逼得要赶快进行薹苹幌碌氖焙,LearnBest学的最好,LearnLessWell学的比较差,Whentheycanreviewthingintermsofasystem,amodel,conceptortheory当他们可以从一个系统、一个模式、概念或理论去检视事情的时候Whenthereisaobviouslinkbetweenthesubjectmatterandaproblemoropportunityonthejobimmediatetechniques&processes当这个议题跟工作上的问题或机会有明显相关性的时候立即的技记杉肮,Fromactivitiespresentedwithoutthiskindofbackground当这些活动缺乏这种背景?的时候Fromlearningeventswhichseemdistantfromreality当学到的东西跟实际上是?有距离的时候,LearningStyles学习风格,Theorists理论者Pragmatists实用主义者,LearnBest学的最好,LearnLessWell学的比较差,BarriersToLearning,BarriersToExperiencingActivitiesroutine,ritualisticpredictable,uninvolving.Preferencefordistance&detachment-Dontgethandsdirty,BarriersToConceptualisationEmphasisonresultsshorttimescales,lackofreviewand“thinktank?procedures.Thinkingisforacademics,BarriersToReflectionPoorcommunication.Inadequatefeedbacksystems,fastpace,noworientated-Letusgetonwithit,BarriersToExperimentingPrescribedmethods&procedures.Redtape.Highcostoffailure.Dontrocktheboat.,Bennett&Richardson,学习障碍,经验获得的障碍制式化的活动，仪式上的，可预期的，不够牵入的喜欢距离和分开不要把手弄脏！,概念化的障碍强调结论，短期组织架构缺乏检视和想一箩筐的程式思考是学术用的！,反映的障碍沟通不良，不够完善的反映系统，快步调，以目前为主让我们继续吧！,实验的障碍先就指定好的方法及程序红标、失败的成本高不要摇船！,Bennett&Richardson,AndAlltheAssembledPragmatistsScreamed所有实用主义者都大叫了！,Sowhatinallthistheorystuffforme?这些理论到底跟我有啥关系？,AdultLearning成人学习,Adultslearnbetterinaclimatethatisinformalandpersonal.成人们在非正式和个人化的气氛中学的比较好Adultsfiltertheirlearningthroughtheirvaluessystems.成人们会用他们自身的价值观来过滤他们的学习Adultsarelikelytohavesomewhatfixedpointsofviewthatmakethemclosedtonewwaysofthinkingandbehaving.成人们通常会有一些固执的意见或看法，导致他们拒绝新的思考方向和行为。,Useice-breakersandgames.Getparticipantlinkingtoeachother.运用破冰方式和游戏，让所有参与崭渌嘶嘟哟泄亓Provideactivitiesthatfocusonchangeinthinking,feelinganddoing.提供集中在改变思考，感觉和做法的活动Includeinterpersonalfeedbackexercisesandopportunitiestoexperiment.包括人际互动的沟通反映训练和去尝试的机会,Principles方针,DesignImplications对设计的含意,Adultsdonottypicallyseethemselvesaslearners.成人不会特别把自己当成学习者Adultslearnwhattheyperceivetobeusefulintheirlifesituations.成人们学他们认为对其生活情境有帮助的东西Adultsaremostreceptivetoinstructionthatisclearlyrelatedtoproblemstheyfacedaily.成人们对在日常生活中所碰到的问题有相关的说明最感兴趣,Giveparticipantsarationaleforbecominginvolvedandprovideopportunitiesforsuccess.WII-FM.给参与者一个合理的说法，让他们涉入更深，并提供成功的机会。(WLL-FM)Makethecontentandmaterialscloselyfitassessedneeds.让内容及材料尽可能跟估量的需求相关Includeapplicationsplanningineachlearningactivity.在每次学习活动