科研方法与论文写作-6.ppt

复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所,科研方法与论文写作,研究结果及其表述卢宝荣教授,第六讲,怎样撰写文章的结果,Results!Why,man,Ihavegottenalotofresults,Iknowseveralthousandthingsthatwontwork.-ThomasA.Edison,The“Results”isthecoreofthepaper,TheresultsaredatafromtheexperimentTheresultsaresummarizeddatafromtheexperiment,presentedbytext,tables,figures,graphs,andphotos,Thecontentoftheresults,Twoingredients:Givenanoveralldescriptionoftheexperiment,providing“bigpicture”withoutrepeatingtheexperimentaldetailsPresentthe“data”fromdifferentpartsoftheexperiments,Howtopresentdata?,Thesimpletransferof“raw”datafromnotebooksisnotrightPresentrepresentativedataPresentpre-digesteddataPresentdatainaneffectiveandinterestingway,Remember:,Ifyoutrytoincludeeverything,youwillhavenotingintheresult!“Thefoolcollectsfacts,thewisemanselectsthem”,Afewmorethingstonote,Howtohandlenumber:SmallamountofdatacoulddescribedinthetextRepetitivedatashouldbegivenintables,figuresorgraphsDatashouldbemeaningfulStatetheconditionunderwhichyouobtainedtheresults,Striveforclarity,TheresultsshouldshortandsweetwithoutverbiageTheResultspartismostimportantpart,butitisoftenshortestTheResultsmustbeclearly&simplystated,becauseitcontainsthenewknowledgeYourcontributiontotheworld,Striveforclarity,Theearlierpartsofthepaper(Introduction,M&M)aredesignedtotellwhyandhowyougottheresultsThelaterpartofthepaper(Discussion)isdesignedtotellwhattheymeanThewholepapermuststandonthebasisoftheResultsTheResultsmustbepresentedwithcrystalclarity,Avoidredundancy,ThemostcommonfaultistherepetitioninwordsofwhatisalreadyshowedinTables&FiguresEvenworseisactualpresentation,inthetext,ofallandmanydatashowninTs&FsDontbeverboseincitingFs&Ts,e.g.“ItisclearlyshowninTable1thatwildriceisofgreatdiversityinChina”“Wildriceisofgreatdiversity(Table1)inChina”,HeadingsintheResults,II.PCRproductsandelectrophoresisAgreatgeneticvariationofwasdetectedbyelectrophoresisof(Table1),III.VariationpatternsStatist