海事声明与海事报告

海事声明,船舶在锚泊、系泊、装货、航行、卸货等某一运输环节中，遭到了自然灾害袭击，船员虽竭尽努力保护船舶和货物的安全，但仍然担心或认为船体、设备和/或货物发生某种程度损失或损坏，则应在到达受灾害袭击后的第一个停泊港口时尽快向有关方面提出海事声明。海事声明是日后船方宣布共同海损、申请索赔及免责的法律文件。,常见的自然灾害Typhoon台风Heavystorm强风暴Boisterousweather/heavyweather/badweather恶劣天气Strongwindswithheavyseas&swells大风浪Earthquake地震Tsunami海啸Densefog浓雾Iceberg冰山Tarnaodo/spout龙卷风,灭失和损害通常海事声明会提及到船体、设备和/或货物三方面的灭失和损坏，即:lossesofanddamagestothehull,equipmentand/orcargo,报送海事声明应报送下述机构之一：1.船籍国驻船舶所在国的官方代表，如ChineseDiplomaticRepresentative,ConsulateGeneralofP.R.C2.船舶所在地的公证处，NotaryPublicOffice3.船舶所在港的港务当局，TheHarbourMaster,PortAuthority4.有关人员，ToWhomItMayConcern,海事声明的结构地址海事声明中，本船地址和报送地址同一般信函一样。标题标题一般在报送方地址下方，居中打印。英文名称通常为：MarineNoteofProtestSeaProtestNoteofSeaProtest,正文海事声明的正文详略不一，通常正文中应包括下列内容：本船船名、船籍港、吨位、货种、货物数量、出发港、目的港及挂靠港等；遭遇自然灾害的时间、地点或海域；自然灾害的性质、程度；声明对可能发生的灭失和/或损坏不负责任；保留在适当时间和地点延伸该项声明的权利；,署名通常由船长署名，然后交由船旗过驻当地的外交代表或公证人员或港务局长，作为永久文件存藏。海事处理中用到的海事声明是由上述人员签字的原海事声明的复印件。证人海事声明通常需要2至3名经历灾难的人员作证，证人应在海事声明上签字。,航海日志摘要海事声明中，通常应附有记录当时海况、天气状况及采取的相应措施等的航海日志摘要。这种摘要，原则上应由公证人员制取或经公证人员核实。,中国远洋运输（集团）总公司海事声明格式,Port:Date:To:（1）PortAuthority,or（2）ChineseDiplomaticRepresentative,or（3）NotaryPublic:,NameofVessel:_TonnageofCargo:_GrossTonnage:_Sailedfrom_to_PortofRegistry:_Boundfor_Shipowner:_Callingonrouteat_KindofCargo:_Andarrivedat_on_,Inviewofthefollowing:_Andfearinglossordamage,Iherebynotemyprotestagainstalllosses,damages,etc.,reservingtherighttoextendsameattimeandplaceconvenient.,Witnessesonboard:_(nameandrank)_(nameandrank)_(nameandrank)Masterof(nameofvessel)_Enclosures:Abstractsofdecklogbook,美国海事声明的格式,THEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAMARINENOTEOFPROTEST(22UnitedStatesCode1173),Onthis_dayof_,20_,beforeme_American_for_andthedependenciesthereof,personallyappeared_,Masterofthevesselcalledthe_oftheburdenof_tonsorthereabouts,anddeclaredthatonthe_dayof_lastpasthesailedinandwith_,andarrived,intheship,at_on_andhavingexperienced,_(statefactswhichcontributetheprotest),HerebyentersthisNoteofProtestaccordingly,toserveandavailhimhereafter,iffoundnecessary._oftheUnitedStatesofAmericaAttested:_Master_(Date&Place),IHEREBYCERTIFYthatthewithindocumentsisatruecopyofMarineNoteofProtest,theoriginalofwhichisdepositedasapartofthepermanentarchivesoftheAmericanconsulateat_oftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.,MARINENOTEOFPROTEST,Onthistwenty-thirddayofjune,1992,beforeme,L.Smith,GeneralConsulfromAmericanconsulateatNagoyaanddependenciesthereof,personallyappearedThomasY.Parka,MasterofthevesselcalledBlueStreammotorshipoftheburdenof35,261tonsorthereabout,anddeclaredthatontheninthdayofJunelastpasthesailedinandwiththeshipfromtheportofSingapore,ladenwithLogs,andarrivedintheshiponthetwenty-thirddayofJuneandhavingexperiencedboisterousweatherandheavyseas,herebyentersthisNoteofProtestaccordingly,toserveandavailhimhereafter,iffoundnecessary.L.Smith,ConsulateatNagoyaGeneralConsuloftheUnitedStatesofAmericaAttested:ThomasY.Parka,MasterofBlueStreammotorship23rdJune1992,NagoyaIherebycertifythatthewithindocumentisatruecopyofaMarineNoteofProtest,theoriginalofwhichisdepositedasapartofthepermanentarchivesoftheAmericanConsulateatNagoya.K.Wall/Consul,USConsulateatNagoya,英国海事声明格式,NOTEOFPROTEST,Onthis_dayof_intheyearofourLordTwoThousandand_personallyappearedandpresentedhimselfbeforeme_British_of_officialNumber_and_tonsRegister,whichsailedfrom_onoraboutthe_dayof_withacargoof_boundfor_andarrivedat_onthe_dayof_andfearinglossordamageowingto_duringthevoyage,heherebynotehisprotestagainstalllosses,damages,etc.,reservingrighttoextendthesameattimeandplaceconvenient.,Signedbeforeme_,BritishConsul/NotaryPublicat_Masterof_(Signed)BritishConsul/NotaryPublic_(Signed)This_dayof_,TwoThousandand_.,IcertifytheforegoingtobeatrueandcorrectcopyoftheoriginalNoteofProtest,enteredintheActsofthisConsulateandcopiedthereform.BritishConsulate,_of_,20_,NOTEOFPROTEST,Onthis5thdayofMayintheyearofourLordOneThousandNineHundredandNinetythreepersonallyappearedandpresentedhimselfbeforeme,M.Revere,BritishConsulatAntwerp,Belgium,K.Malan,MasteroftheBritishMotorVesseltheGreenLandofLondon,OfficialNumberH785604and23,416TonsRegister,whichsailedfromJedda,SaudiArabia,onoraboutthe26thdayofAprilwithacargoof34,893tonsgrainboundforHamburg,Germany,andarrivedatAntwerponthe5thdayofMayandfearinglossordamageowingtoboisterousweatherandheavyseasduringthevoyage,heherebynoteshisprotestagainalllosses,damages,etc.,reserving,therighttoextendthesameattimeandplaceconvenient.SignedbeforemeM.Revere,MasterofMVGreenLandK.MalanBritishConsulM.RevereThisFifthDayofMayofOneThousandNineHundredandNinetyThreeIcertifytheforegoingtobeatrueandcorrectcopyoforiginalNoteofProtest,enteredintheActsofthisConsulateandcopiedtherefrom.BritishConsulGeneralL.HartBritishConsulate,5thMay1993,延伸海事声明,船舶抵港卸货后或检验后，若发现遭到的灭失和/或损坏与以前提交的海事声明中所述的灾害有关，则船长可以提交更为详细具体的延伸海事声明，申明对由于灾害造成的灭失和/或损坏及随后进一步的灭失和/或损坏不负责任，并且保留向有关方面提出索赔和继续延伸海事声明的权利。,主要内容包括：本船船名、船籍港、吨位、货种、货物数量、出发港、目的港及挂靠港等；其内容应与以前提交的海事声明中所述的情况一致；本船先前提交海事声明的时间及地点；经检验发现的灭失及损害情况，必要时详细列出；声明对已发现的灭失和损坏以及以后再发现的灭失和损坏不负责任；保留向有关方提出索赔及再次伸该项声明的权利,海事声明中常用术语,SeaProtest/NoteofSeaProtest/MarineProtest海事声明ExtendedSeaProtestNoteofExtendedMarineProtest延伸海事声明strongwinds/boisterouswind强风roughsea大浪Heavyswells大涌ConsulGeneral总领事Consul领事Consulate领事馆Ambassador大使Embassy大使馆,DiplomaticRepresentative外交代表CommercialAttache商务官员Thedependenciesthereof附属机构HarbourMaster港务局长Lossesofanddamagesto灭失与损坏Reservetherighttoextendsame保留延伸该声明的权利Attimeandplaceconvenient在适当时间和地点Wheneverandwherevernecessary在必要时间和地点Forfearof/fearing担心experience经历,Meetwith遇到Encounter遭到sustain蒙受，遭受declare宣布Serveandavail免责enter填写note提出Inviewof考虑到,Hereby在此Thereby在那里Herewith此处Therewith那里Hereto到这里Hereof此处的Thereto到那里Thereof那里的Herefrom此后Therefrom那以后,海上事故报告,1.海上事故报告的结构国际上并无公认一致的规范格式，但许多航运国家和大的航运公司制有专门的海上事故报告表。船长撰写的海上事故报告通常应包括下述内容：1）标题海上事故报告中的标题中常列明船名、事故性质、发生事故的地点及时间。2）船舶参数船舶参数可用表格给出，也可用文字叙述。一般包括下列各项：,name船名officialnumber注册编号built制造年份及地点callsign呼号numberofcrew船员数量portofregistry登记港propulsion推进装置flag船旗cargo货载数量及货物种类type船舶种类class船级length长度（总长）owner船舶所有人breadth宽度（型宽）operator船舶经营人depth型深charterer承租人GT总吨位insurer保险人NT净吨位,3）引言在引言中应简要说明事故的经过、采取的措施及产生的后果。引言常用下列术语作为标题：abstract摘要introduction引言summary概要synopsis概述4）事故发生之前的状况叙述紧迫局面发生之前船舶的技术状况、营运状况、船舶配员状况及海况和天气情况等。5）紧迫局面的发生叙述紧迫局面如何发生，应说明为了避免紧迫局面的形成而采取的措施，对方因为没有采取哪些措施而导致了紧迫局面的形成。,6）事故经过详细说明事故发生的经过，说明本船和他船采取的具体操作步骤，实施的时间，产生的效果等。7）事故发生后采取的措施叙述全体船员采取的救助措施及援救人员的措施，如回航搜救方式，发现的残骸，打捞出的残货，救助出的人员等。8）结果叙述事故产生的后果。9）附录附录中应包括航海日志摘要、引航员、当时在场人员的证词、证物、现场照片等。,2.海上事故报告的语言特点1）严谨准确时间：精确到分钟，并表明属于何种时间。GMT格林尼治时间Z格林尼治标准时间LT地方时间UTC协调世界时地点：应精确到0.1海里，可用经纬度表示，也可用距离和方位表示。名称：应准确无误。人名应与其证件一致；船名应与船舶证书所载现名一致；货名应与提单上载明的名称一致；地理名称应与海图所示名称一致,破损部位对破损部位的描述通常应精确到厘米。若当时不能确定，则必须说明所述数值系估计值，确定值与估计值必须明确区分。损坏程度损坏程度分为灭失和损坏，损坏分淹损、烧损、磨损、断裂、粉碎等。采取的措施在描述采取的措施时，通常要说明命令下达时间、接受命令的人员姓名、使用的工具名称、实施的效果等。,翔实所述事实必须有依据。简捷-与事故无关的事项不必叙述；-有些表示程度、频数的形容词、副词尽量不用，如very,often,deeply等；-不宜使用语法结构过于复杂的句子；-不宜使用生僻的单词和短语，不使用方言和俚语。,1.Fearingdamagetotheshipandcargothroughroughandboisterousweatherduringthepass