常见英语反义词

常见英语反义词 above 在.上 - below 在.下 after 在.后 - before 在.前 all 全部 - none 全无 answer 回答 - ask 询问 answer 答案 - question 问题 back 后面 - front 前面 bad 坏的 - good 好的 best 最好的 - worst 最坏的 better 更好的 - worse 更坏的 black 黑的 - white 白的 both 两者都 - neither 两者都不 busy 忙碌的 - free 空闲的 buy 买（入） - sell 卖（出） cheap 便宜的 - expensive, dear 昂贵的 clean 干净的 - dirty 肮脏的 clever 聪明的 - foolish 愚蠢的 cold 寒冷的 - hot 炎热的 come 来 - go 去 cool 凉爽的 - warm 温暖的 danger 危险 - safety 安全 dark 黑暗的 - bright, light 明亮的 day 白天 - night 夜晚 die 死去 - live 活着 down 向下 - up 向上 dry 干燥的 - wet 潮湿的 early 早的 - late 迟的 easy 容易的 - difficult, hard 困难的；艰巨的 empty 空的 - full 满的 entrance 入口 - exit 出口 fall 落下 - rise 升起 far 远的 - near 近的 finish 结束 - begin, start 开始 first 最初的 - last 最后的 foreign 外国的 - home 本国的 forget 忘记 - remember 记得 glad 愉快的 - sad, sorry 悲伤的；难过的 happy 高兴的 - unhappy, sad 难过的 hard 硬的 - soft 软的 hate 憎恨 - love, like 热爱；喜欢 here 在这里 - there 在那里 high 高的 - low 低的 ill 生病的 - healthy, well 健康的 into 到.里面 - out of 从.到外，在.之外 inside 在里面 - outside 在外面 light 轻的 - heavy 重的 lose 丢失 - find 找到 lose 失败 - win 胜利；赢得 miss 未抓住；未赶上 - catch 抓住；赶上 most 最多的 - least, fewest 最少的 move 移动 - stop 停止 never 从不 - ever 曾经 nothing 什么也没有 - everything一切 now 现在 - then 那时 old 旧的 - new 新的 old 年老的 - young 年轻的 pain 痛苦 - pleasure 快乐 pass 通过；及格 - fail 未通过；不及格 poor 贫穷的 - rich 富裕的 pull 拉 - push 推 rainy 下雨的 - dry 干旱的 right 右边（的） - left 左边（的） right 正确的 - wrong 错误的 safe 安全的 - dangerous 危险的 same 相同的 - different 不同的 short 短的 - long 长的 short （个子）矮的 - tall （个子）高的 sleep 睡觉 - wake 醒来 small 小的 - big, large, great 大的 start 出发 - reach 到达 strong 强壮的 - weak 虚弱的 take 拿走 - bring 带来 take 拿取 - give 给予 teach 教（课） - learn 学习 thin 瘦的 - fat 胖的 thin 薄的 - thick 厚的 town 城镇 - country 乡下 whole 全体；全部 - part 部分 wide 宽的 - narrow 窄的 with 有 - without 没有 yes 是的 - no 不是的近义词toilet WC listen hear class lesson everyone everybody glass cup large big glad happy like love little smallphoto picture purse wallet start begin homehouse learnstudy beautifulpretty usually often look see cycle bikenear beside hi hello quick fast garden park desk table speak say talk river lake go home come home a moment ago just now a lot of lots of manybe good at do well in of course surebe from come from take a walk go for a walktake a bus by bus would like want look for find 同音词Bbeebe noknow Cseesea hihighIeye forfourRare sonsunTtea ourhourUyou pairpearYwhy hereheartotwotoo theretheirbybyebuy rightwriteredread(过) arentauntnewknew(过) fatherfartherblueblew(过) whoswhose反义词bigsmall blackwhite fat thinlate early long short tall shortbad good cold hot yes nohere there far near come goopen close sit stand cry laughright wrong right left same differentquick slow new old young oldask answer busy free day nightup down词形转换1. here（反义词） there 2. ask（反义词） answer3. dry（反义词） wet 4. cold （反义词）hot 5. near （反义词）far 6. late（反义词） early7. right （反义词）wrong 8. quick （反义词）slow9. light（反义词） heavy 10.above（反义词） below11.take off （反义词）put on 12.cheap（反义词） expensive13.remember（反义词） forget 14.strong （反义词）weak15.win（反义词） lose 16.have（三单） has 17.carry（三单） carries 18.say（三单） says19.zero (复数) zeros 20.knife (复数) knives21.this (复数) these 22.leaf (复数) leaves23.beach(复数) beaches 24.ring（现代分词） ringing25.sit（现代分词） sitting 26.swim（现代分词）swimming27.run （现代分词）running 28.call （现代分词）calling29.lie（现代分词） lying 30.quick (副词)quickly31.slow(副词) slowy 32.easy (副词)easily33.happy(副词) happily 34.hear（同音词） here35.no （同音词）know 36.snow （形容词）snowy37.rain （形容词）rainy 38.sun（形容词） sunny39.wind （形容词）windy 40.cloud （形容词）cloudy41.one（序数词） first 英语五种基本句型 基本句型一: 主+系+表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义. 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典. 2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好. 3. His face turned red. 他的脸红了 4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮. 基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等. 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着. 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了. 3. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系. 4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利. 基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词. 1. Who knows the answer？ 谁知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书. 3. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误. 基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略. 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片. 3. He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器. 基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整. 1. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色. 2. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住. 3. What makes him think so？ 他怎么会这样想？. 4. We saw him out. 我们送他出去. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来. 6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 我看见他们当时在上了那辆公共汽车. PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、be going to句型等。现以58册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58册的句型主要有：1. Whos your English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food? 7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. Whats the date? 12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall. 15. You are shorter than me.16.Youre 4 cm taller than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2, 第7册Unit4,5,6, 第8册Unit2中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7: 1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where does she work? She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas. 4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping. 5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit4和第7册Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant. 4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am30. heavy（重）light（轻）点击要穴这是一组表示物质重量的形容词。heavy意为“重的；沉重的”等。light意为“轻的；轻松的”等,如：Its too heavy for me to carry that far.它太重了，我搬不了那么远。Their hearts are heavy but not lost .他们的心情很沉重，但没有失去斗志。She is the lightest of us all.她在我们当中体重最轻。A light hand is needed in playing quiet music.演奏轻音乐需要手巧。词汇百宝lighthouse 灯塔 light-headed 轻率的；头晕的 lighthearted 心情轻头的 light-minded 浮躁的 light metal 轻金属 light industry 轻工业 heavy industry 重工业 heavy metal 重金属heavy water 重水 heavy-duty 耐用的；重型的 heavy rain 大雨 heavy food 油腻难消化食物读读猜猜Light come, light go. 得来不费力，失去不心痛。31. remember（记得）forget（忘记）点击要穴这是一组反义动词。remember 意为“记得，记住。”等。forget意为“忘记”等。如：Do you remember me? 你还记得我吗？I remember him as a fat boy.我记得他是个胖男孩。Dont forget me !别忘了我！Forget it ! 算了吧！教你绝招 1）remember 和forget均可接不定式或动名词，含义有别。请比较：I remember mailing the letter.我记得我寄了那封信。 （已寄）I remember to mail the letter.我没忘记要去寄信的。 （未寄）He forgot to tell her about it .他忘记把这件事告诉她了。（未告诉）He forgot telling her about it.他忘记曾经把这件事告诉过她了。（已告诉）2）表示在某场所遗失某物，通常用leave。I left my umbrella at home.我把雨伞放在家里忘带了。相关链接 爱情的信物forget-me-not炎夏时节，当你在溪边池畔漫步的时候，你可曾注意到那么一种叶子椭圆细长，开放着鲜艳的蓝色小花的小草？它就是有名的forget-me-not （勿忘我）。关于forget-me-not,有一个动人的神话。相传在欧洲中世纪的时候，一个英俊的骑士带着自己的恋人到海边游玩。女郎看到海岸上有一丛美丽的鲜花，十分高兴，很想得到一束。骑士奋不顾身去采摘，不幸被海浪卷走，临危时用尽全身气力把花抛向岸边，大声叫道：“Forget me not! Forget me not!（不要忘记我！不要忘记我！）便淹没在波涛汹涌的大海之中了。姑娘手捧鲜花，感到万分的伤心和悔恨；为了表示对恋人的哀掉，她把这花叫做forget-me-not。后来，热恋中的青年男女常把这种鲜花当作爱情的信物，互相馈赠，用以共勉：永志勿忘！在现代英语中，“不要忘记我！”应该是Dont（或Do not）forget me!因此，我们平时说话或作文时，不宜说Forget me not!然而，“实义动词+not“这种否定结构，在诗歌或较为古老的文学名著中却时有出现。例如，在莎士比亚的剧作中就有这样的句子：I know not, sweet: I found it in my chamber. (Othello)我不知道，亲爱的，我在寝室里找到它。 Not that I love you not.But that you do not love me. (Othello)不是因为我不爱你。只是因为你并不爱我。The let-alone lies not in your good will. (King Lear )那不是你所能阻止的。比试比试用remember 和forget的适当形式填空：1.Im sorry, Ive _your name. 2.Please_me to your parents. 3.Dont_to wake me at six .OK. Ill _.4.He has become_these days. 答案：1. forgotten 2. remember 3.forget; remember 4. forgetful32. quiet（安静的）noisy（吵闹的）点击要穴这是一组描写环境的反义形容词。quite意为“安静的，悄悄的”等，其反义词noisy意为“吵闹的，嘈杂的”。如：The classroom was noisy. 那教室很吵闹。Please be quiet. 请安静。相关链接noisy的反义词也可以是silent.如：Youd better keep silent about what has happened.你最好对所发生的事不要做声。It was a silent, moonless night.那是个寂静、没有月亮的夜晚。词汇百宝silent reading 默读 silent film无声电影 quiet music 轻音乐 quiet night 寂静之夜 make a noise 发出噪音 make a noise in the world 成 名 noise pollution 噪音污染 33. shy（害羞的） bold （大胆的）点击要穴这是一组描写人的性格特点的反义词形容词。shy意为“害羞的；胆怯的”等。bold意为“大胆的；厚颜无耻的”等。如：Im too shy to speak to strangers. 我很害羞，不敢和陌生人说话。Those shy animals were rarely seen.那些胆怯的动物不容易看得到。What a bold woman she is! 她是个多么厚脸皮的女人！34. beautiful（美丽的）ugly（难看的）点击要穴这是一组描写外貌的形容词。beautiful意为“漂亮的；完美的”等。ugly意为“难看的，丑陋的；讨厌的”等。如：Look at that girl ! Isnt she beautiful ?看看那个女孩，很漂亮吧？What a beautiful game ! 多么棒的比赛！Dont make ugly faces.别做鬼脸。相关链接1）形容女性的容貌“难看”时，用plain或homely等词。ugly一词宜避免使用。2）ugly duckling（丑小鸭）源于安徒生（Andersen)童话。指小时候被以为没有出息（不好看），长大之后却出人头地（美丽）。3）当外宾对你说“You are very beautiful.”你应回答：Thank you或Its very kind of you to say so.（您这样说真是太好了）。切忌受汉语的影响作类似这样的回答：No, not at all .或Thats nothing.（没什么）词汇百宝beauty contest选美 beauty salon 美容院 beauty queen 选美冠军 beauty sleep美容睡眠 beauty spot美人斑；名胜35. sleep（睡觉）wake（苏醒）点击要穴这是一组对应动词。sleep late 是“起得晚，睡懒觉”之意，并非“晚睡”。“晚睡”应说“sit / stay up late”。wake意为“醒来；叫醒”。如：She usually wakes up early in the morning.她通常一大早就醒了。Be quiet, or you will wake the baby.安静一点，不然会吵醒宝宝。词汇百宝sleeping bag 睡袋 sleeping car卧车 sleepless 不眠的 sleepwalker 梦游者 sleepy 欲睡的 sleepyhead 贪睡的人相关链接表达上面语义场的形容词是asleep和awake。两词均不作定语，即表语形容词。如：I fell asleep while watching TV.我在看电视时睡觉了。She stayed awake to wait for her husband.她为了等她的丈夫而没有睡。比试比试选择填空：A. sleep B. sleeping C. asleep D. sleepy E. wake F. awake1.Is he still_? Yes, he is fast_.2.Let_dogs lie.3.I was too_to hear the end of her talk.4.I am wide_to his weak point.答案：1.B；C 2.B 3.D 4.F36. hot（热）cold （冷）点击要穴这是一组表示温度的形容词。hot意为“热的；发热”等。cold意为“寒冷的；冷淡的”等，也用作名词，其反义词为heat.如：Would you like a cold drink?你要不要喝杯冷饮呢？Her manner was very cold .她的态度非常冷淡。Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。I was hot with fever.我因发烧而身体发烫。I caught a bad cold a few days ago.几天前我得了重感冒。词汇百宝cold cream 润肤膏 cold storage冷藏 cold sweat冷汗 have / get a cold 感冒 the cold shoulder 冷落 cold-blooded 冷血的 cold-hearted 无情的 cold war 冷战 hot dog 热狗 hot war 热战（使用武力） hot spring 温泉 hotbed 温床 hot water 热水；困难 hot-blooded 热烈的；性急 hot line热线电话相关链接 一、感冒（cold）症状 cough 咳嗽 sneeze 打喷嚏 snivel 流鼻涕 chill 寒颤 fever 发烧 headache 头痛 二、hot dog 从何而来？热狗（直译）即面包夹香肠，英文叫hot dog ，是一种价廉物美的快餐。“热狗”源于美国。1904年，德国巴伐利亚移民安东?福克温