新世纪大学英语综合教程第4册教案

外语学院 教案编写 二一四年六月教案（首页） 授课时间 2014.2.-2014.6 教案编写时间 2014.2 课程名称新世纪 第四册课程代码总学时讲课：64 学时实验： 0 学时实习： 0 周学 分4课程性质必修课（ ） 选修课（ ）理论课（ ） 实验课（ ）所属学院外语学院任课教师职 称授课对象2012级 教材和主要参考资料新世纪大学英语综合教程第4册（学生用书）秦秀白新世纪大学英语综合教程第4册（教师用书）秦秀白教学目的与要求1、加强学生对基础语言知识及基本语言技能的掌握。1). 以课文为素材，帮助学生掌握文中词汇、语法及语言功能表达。2). 利用课后练习使学生掌握所学的单词、语法知识。2、就文章主题及难点对学生进行提问，使学生更好地了解课文内容，同时培养学生的口头表达能力。3、使学生通过对文化背景的学习，从而进一步了解西方文化。教学重点与难点Words and ExpressionUnderstanding of the textWriting Skills: Definition, Narration, Description, Classification教 学 进 程周次第1周第2周第3周第4周第5周第6周第7周第8周第9周第10周第11周第12周第13周第14周第15周第16周第16周授课章节Unit 1Unit 1Unit 1Unit 2Unit 2Unit 2Unit 3Unit 3Unit 3Listening Course Unit 1Listening Course Unit 2Listening Course Unit 3CET-4听力真题（2011年12月）CET-4听力真题（2012年6月）复习Spoken English TestSpoken English Test学 时44444444444444422备 注Unit 1,2、3 三个单元为课堂重点讲解内容； Unit 4、5, 6，两个单元为学生自学内容教案（章节备课） 12学时章 节Unit One Man and Nature教学目的和教学要求Learning Outcomes:Students will be able to :1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text;2. appreciate the definition writing technique employed by the writer;3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing actives related to the theme of the unit.教学重 点难 点Words and ExpressionUnderstanding of the textWriting Skills: Definition教学进程（含章节教学内容、学时分配、教学方法、 辅助手段）Teaching proceduresExplain cultural background (Before reading Activities)Text structure analysis and further understanding of the text (Global Reading)Words and Expressions/Difficult sentences/ Language points/Grammatical structure (Detailed Reading)Exercise (After Reading)Time AllotmentBefore reading Activities 1 period (cultural background)Global Reading 2 periods (Part Division of the Text; Further Understanding of the text)Detailed Reading 3 periods (new words and expressions; difficult sentences; grammatical structures)After Reading 2 periods (Exercises; )I . Background InformationAlexander SpirkinII. Division of the TextPart One (Para. 1-2)Man lives in the realm of nature. he is connected with nature by “blood ties” and he cannot live outside nature.Part Two (Para. 3-4) As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows because the industrial transformation of the earth makes it increasingly difficult to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production.Part Three (Para. 5-7) At present Mother Nature is being exhausted in resources, contaminated by synthetic products, and troubled by ecological imbalance. The previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.Part Four (Para. 8-9) The solution to man-nature lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature by all humanity. And the failure to live in harmony with nature and obey its laws would cause fatal disaster.III. Words and Expressions 1) (L 1) realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought*The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national economic crisis. 影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。(=The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.)Collocations:public realm 公众领域*He always projects an image of success in public realm. 他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。within the realms of possibility 有可能的*It was actually within the realms of possibility. 这是完全有可能的。2) (L 2) interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each other(=Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.)所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。(=All things are interrelated and interact with each other.)3) (L 7) transform: vt. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it *Increased population has transformed the landscape.这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。(=The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.)cf. change, convert & transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. In order to _ their environment, he drew up the project. (=transform)2. Carbon dioxide can be _ into oxygen through the agency of plant. (=converted)3. Why do the leaves on trees _ colour in autumn? (=change)4. He always attempts to _ others to a particular doctrine or belief. (=convert)4) (L 8) convert: v. to change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way *They converted the spare bedroom into an office.In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.他成功地让我接受了他的观点。(=He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.)5) (L 9) subdue: vt. gain control of, esp. by defeating (=For a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent.)警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。(=Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.)NB:该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。例如：In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music. Richard seems very subdued tonight.6) (L 10 ) discipline:1. vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-control*Disciplining children takes patience and consistency.不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。(=Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.)2. n. 1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules *The book gives parents advice on discipline.2) an area of knowledge or teaching*The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another.她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象.(=I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more.)Collocations:discipline problem 纪律问题discipline oneself 自律instill discipline into sb. 灌输纪律观念7) (L 10) compel: vt. make (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyed(=Our minds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way.)法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。(=The law compels employers to provide health insurance.)cf. compel, force & oblige 这些动词均含“迫使”之意。compel 指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如: *A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. 家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。force 指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。例如: *Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender. 政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。oblige 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。例如: *Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business. 形势逼迫他卖掉公司。8) (L 11) transfer: 1. v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another *Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.2. n. *Most of the bills are paid by electronic transfer.权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。(=The transfer of power was effected swiftly and peacefully.)9) (L 17) in fear of: in a state of fear about*Ordinary people lived in fear of being arrested by the secret police.他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。(=They live in continual fear of starvation.)10) (L 20) attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time*More women are attaining positions of power in public life.他们最后一定能获得解放。(=Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.)11) (L 24 ) hostile: a. showing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendly*Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。(=The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were hostile to the common people.)12) (L 26 ) retreat: vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do so(=Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.)从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。(=It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.)cf. retire, retreat & withdraw这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。retire 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。例如: *I retired from teaching three years ago. 三年前我就不再教书了。retreat 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。 *The enemy was forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了。withdraw 强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。 *As the troops withdraw , the entire city celebrated the liberation. 部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。13) (L 30) concerned: a. affected by something or worried about it; believing something is important*All the people present are concerned with childrens education.很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。(=Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.)Collocations:concerned with 关注，关心；与相关concerned about/for 担心，关爱concerned to do sth. 专注于做某事as far as is concerned 就而言14) (L 36) ominous: a. making you feel that something bad is going to happen*The car is making an ominous rattling sound.不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。(=The ominous black clouds predicted the coming thunderstorm.)15) (L 38) acute: a. severe; very great*The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。(=A bad tooth can cause acute pain.)Collocations:acute disease 急性病acute anxiety 急剧焦虑acute shortage 严重短缺acute sense 敏锐的感觉 acute mind 机智的头脑16) (L 40) substance: n. a material; type of matter*The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance.大气中的有害物质威胁着人们的健康。(=Harmful substances in the atmosphere are threatening peoples health.)17) (L 42) complex: 1. a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand*A complex highway system is to be established in order to enhance the national transportation. 随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂,供电可靠性方面的要求也与日俱增。(=The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex.)2. n. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose*They live in a three-story apartment complex.cf. complex, complicated, sophisticated & intricate这些形容词均含“复杂的”意思。complex 强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated 与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。intricate 着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Peter seemed to have a good understanding of the most _ issues. (=complex/complicated)2. Joan shows me the highly _ computer software. (=sophisticated)3. Mental illness is a very _ subject. (=complicated)4. The plot of the novel is _ and fascinating. (=intricate)5. The higher the level of competition, the more _ the timing systems. (=sophisticated)18) (L 43) distinguish: v. makes someone or something different or special(=The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service.)His attorney argued that he could not distinguish between right and wrong. 他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。(=They have found a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue.)19) (L 44) synthetic: a. produced by synthesizing; not naturally produced; artificial*Among the synthetic fibres used in furnishing fabrics are nylon, polyester and acrylic.我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。 (=We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials.)20) (L 47) glitter: vi. shine brightly with flashing points of light*The river glittered in the sunlight.晨露在阳光下闪烁。(=The morning dews glitter in the sun.)cf. flash, gleam & glitter 这些动词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”之意。flash 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。例如： *Lightning flashed overhead. 闪电在头顶闪光。gleam 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。例如： *Day was by this time approaching，the west was dim, the east beginning to gleam. 这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光。glitter 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。例如：*His blue eyes glittered with anger. 他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的目光。21) (L 53 ) cycle: 1. n. a number of related events happening in a regularlyrepeated order*Sometimes the only way to break the cycle of violence in the home is for the wife to leave.2. v. travel by bicycle; go through a series of related events again and again*He cycles to work everyday.水通过机器循环再利用。(=The water is cycled through the machine and reused.)Collocations:break the cycle 打破循环cycling tour 骑车环游cycle lane/path/route 自行车道life cycle 生命周期22) (L 64) as yet: until now (=The meeting will be held on an as yet undecided date.)我们到现在还没有科林的消息。(=Weve had no word from Colin as yet.)23) (L 66) theme n. the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etc*The books theme is the conflict between love and duty.林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。(=Most of Lynchs other pictures were variations on the same theme.)cf. issue, theme & topic这些名词均有“主题、话题”之意。issue 指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。theme 正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。topic 普通用词，含义广泛，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Capital punishment is a highly controversial _. (=issue)2. Their story echoes the central _ in Part 1 of this book Principles. (=theme)3. Global warming and youth crime are the key _ in the election campaign. (=issues)4. The wedding has been the only _ of conversation for weeks. (=topic)24) (L 68) threaten: be a danger or threat to; seem likely (to harm, spoil, ruin, etc.)*He threatened to take them to court.这一事件将有损他的声誉。(=The incident threatens to ruin his reputation.)25) (L 69) apt: a. 1) exactly suitable(= “Love at first sight” is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her.)惩罚应当与罪行相适应。(=The punishment should be apt for the crime.)2) having a natural tendency to do something*Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.IV. Difficult Sentences1) (LL56) We are connected with nature by “blood ties” and we cannot live outside nature.What does “blood ties” refer to?(=It refers to such very close relationship as kinship.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。)2) (LL89) Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society.Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。)3) (LL1114) Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.Analyze the structure of this sentence.(=This is a compound sentence led by “not only(but) also”. The firsthalf led by “not only” is the inverted structure.More examples:*Not only is Tom very clever, he is also very diligent.*Not only did he lose his bag, but he himself got lost.*Not only does he write the lyrics to the songs, but he also composes the music.Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has shifted different kinds of plants and animals to areas with different climates from those of their original habitats. Moreover, man has transformed the shape and climate of his own environment and accordingly the plants and animals have also adapted themselves to the changes. )4) (LL 2324) Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man.What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn that the power of nature is out of mans control so that it is believed to be unfavorable to humanity.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。)5) (LL2628) This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant theplaces where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.Analyze the structure of this sentence. (=The attributive clause led by “which” includes another three attributive clauses led by “where” in parallel structure.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的。所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。)6) (LL 3234) Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has realized the great geological changes caused by the industrial influence on the earth, which is made by science and mans transforming activities in practice.)7) (LL3537) At present，the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn from the sentence that man has threatened the balance between man and nature and between nature and society, which used to be maintained dynamically, but now tends to collapse.) Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现出崩溃的迹象。)8) (LL4344) Modern technology is distinguished by an e