模拟演练10-2019届江苏高考英语3500词汇复习与检测(解析版)

一、单项填空(从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项)1.If you love someone, why must you chain him to your side, control his emotion, and even make him _ you?A. calculate on B. concentrate on C. center on D. catch on【答案】A【解析】calculate on期待，指望；concentrate on集中注意力于；center on以为中心；catch on变得流行，理解。句意：如果你爱一个人，为什么你就得把他拴在你的身边而不放，控制他的情绪甚至让他以你为中心呢？2.Its difficult to _ all tastes. One mans meat is another mans poison.A. carry out B. cater to C. carry off D. adjust to【答案】B【解析】carry out进行，实施，完成，实现；cater to迎合，满足要求；carry off赢得，获得；adjust to调整，调节。从句意可知taste是指人的口味，品味，从搭配上判断B选项正确。句意：很难迎合各种口味的需求。俗话说，萝卜青菜各有所爱。3.The Japanese people keep up _ spirits to convince the world that they can get over the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami.A. carefulB. casual C. cheerfulD. cautious 【答案】C4.Welfare payments_as soon as an individual starts a job.A. charge B. cease C. change D. calculate【答案】B【解析】cease“停止，终止，结束”，符合语境。charge收费，要价；change改变，变化；calculate计算。句意：一旦就业，即停发福利救济。5.Histempers been _thisweek,sodontannoyhim.A. chargeable B. casualC. changeable D. calm【答案】C【解析】chargeable可以控诉的，可记在某项账目上的，可充电的casual随便的，非正式的，漫不经心的；changeable多变的，喜怒无常的；calm镇静的，沉着的。句意：这星期他脾气喜怒无常，所以不要惹他生气。6.Hisstudyis _; ittakeslongtimeto puthispapersinorder.A. in cash B. in chains C. in case D. inchaos 【答案】D【解析】in chaos“混乱，一片狼藉”与in order “井然有序”意义相对。句意：他的书房一片狼藉，整理好他的文件要花好长时间。7.Itis_ofhimtogotoworkbeforebreakfast.A. characteristicB. cautiousC. cheerfulD. capable 【答案】A【解析】characteristic“特有的，独特的，显示的特征的”，符合语境。句意：还未吃早饭就去工作，这正是他的特点，8.Goldstone_theideaput forward at the yesterdays meeting further beforemakingadecision.A. cast aboutB. checked inC. chewedover D. cashed in on 【答案】C【解析】chew over“考虑”，符合语境。句意：戈德斯通在下决定前，进一步考虑了有人在昨天的会议上所提出的这个想法。9.The teacher suggested we do the exercises with great _ though they were easy.A. checkB. cautionC. capabilityD. challenge 【答案】B【解析】check检查，核对；caution小心，谨慎；capability能力；challenge挑战。句意：尽管他们很简单，老师建议我们小心的做这些练习题。10.The _ of surfing the Internet is how you can tell whether the information is true or not.A. capabilityB. competitionC. challengeD. champion【答案】C11.The news came as a surprise to us all that Mr. Smith was _ by the judge with an attempted crime.A. accused B. chargedC. blamed D. caught【答案】B【解析】注意后面的介词with，构成be charged with(被指控)的常用短语；句意：史密斯先生被法官指控犯罪未遂的消息让我们都很惊讶。12.Recent research has _ the causes of the mysterious disease that has claimed thousands of lives.A. cast light onB. caught hold ofC. broken away fromD. cast a shadow on【答案】A【解析】cast light on“使(问题等)较容易理解”，符合语境。句意：最近的研究可以使人了解这种夺取成千上万人的神秘疾病的原因。13.Lets hold a party to _ your birthday and at the same time _ you on your passing the driving test.A. congratulate, celebrateB. celebrate, celebrateC. celebrate, congratulate D. congratulate, congratulate【答案】C【解析】celebrate sth.庆祝某事；congratulate sb. on.祝贺某人。句意：让我们举办一个聚会庆祝你的生日，同时祝贺你通过了驾照考试。学科&网14.Firstly, they must _that their pension needs are adequately catered for.A. check out B. take chancesC. makecertain D. have shaped【答案】C【解析】check out清点，检查；take chances冒险，碰运气make certain弄清楚，确保；catch on变得流行，理解。句意：首先，他们得确保他们能获得足够的养老金。15.Teenagers should be _ about the content on social networking sites, for their tastes and preferences are shaped by what they see in the media.A. anxious B. curious C. conscious D. cautious【答案】D16.To be honest, I dont want to get a job where Im _ to a desk all day. It will bore me to death.A. calculatedB. changed C. chainedD. challenged【答案】C【解析】be chained to“受缚于”，符合语境。be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事。句意：老实说，我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作我不想要那份工作。那样的会让我无聊得要死。17.If we go on using energy so wastefully, _ are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.A. opportunities B. chancesC. conditions D. challenges【答案】B【解析】opportunities机会；chances机会，可能性；conditions条件；challenge挑战。句意：如果我们继续使用能源时那样浪费，在发现新的能源替代之前，我们的油井可能会干涸。18.Are you still hoping and waiting for someone somewhere to come to your rescue, wave a magic stick and immediately _ your life for the better?A. arrange B. care C. apply D. change【答案】D【解析】change.for用去换。句意：你还在希望并等待着会有来自某个地方的人前来解救你，一挥魔杖，你的生活立即就变的更好吗？19.At the end of the historic area, Wilmington displayed its _ as a working port city: large ware-house and a few other dated office buildings.A. center B. category C. character D. certificate【答案】C【解析】center场所，中心；category种类，类别，范畴；character性格，角色，特点；certificate证明。句意：在这片历史地域的尽头，威明顿市曾经扮演了一个港口城市的角色：到处是大型的仓库和其它一些陈旧的办公楼。20.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5-star hotels _ 6,000 yuan for one night.A. cast B. chased C. caused D. charged【答案】D【解析】charge“收费”，符合语境。句意：由于金融危机，当地五星级酒店一晚收费6000 元的日子已经一去不复返了。21.He _ at once when I promised to help him.A. cheered up B. called up C. caught up D. broke up【答案】A【解析】cheered up(使)高兴起来；call up(给)打电话，唤醒，叫醒；catch up赶上，追上；break up分手，破裂。句意：当我答应帮他的时候，他立刻高兴起来。22.We need a room for tonight, and Id like to take a chance to _ without reservation.Dont you know about the jammed hotels in this season? Better play it safe.A. check out B. check inC. cash in D. call in【答案】B23.Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies. A. chased B. chanted C. checked D. compensated 【答案】A【解析】chase“追求，追寻”，符合语境。句意：顶尖的高校毕业生受到了许多大公司的追捧(青睐)。24.Thecompanyengagedinadeliberateeffortto _ themoutoftheirpensionsA. catch B. ceaseC. challenge D. cheat【答案】D【解析】cheat“欺骗，骗取”，符合语境。句意：公司涉嫌蓄意骗取他们的养老金。25.Now the Internet is a popular _ through which the public voice their opinions and show their strength.A. chapter B. caption C. channel D. category【答案】C【解析】channel“航道，水渠，渠道”，符合语境。句中“through which=and through the channel”通过这个渠道。句意：现在网络是一种流行的渠道，通过这个渠道，公众提出他们的建议并展示他们的力量。26.Children exposed to different difficult situations are better at handling those _ tasks.A. challenged B. cautiousC. challenging D. absorbing【答案】C【解析】challenging“有挑战性的”，符合语境。句意：接触不同困难处境的孩子更善于处理具有挑战性的任务。27.He _ desperately in vain for something to say to break the silence.A. cared aboutB. cast aboutC. carried outD. carried through【答案】B【解析】cast about“想法设法”，符合语境。句意：他拼命地(枉费心机)想找到某些话题来打破沉默。28.Hello. Id like to have a talk with Mr. Smith staying in your hotel.Im sorry, but he isnt here. He _ this morning.A. checked inB. called inC. checked outD. camped out【答案】C29.It was in the lab which _ Professor Zhang that they did the experiment .A. was taken the charge of B. in the charge ofC. in charge of byD. was taken charge of by【答案】D【解析】in the charge of和in charge of都是介词短语，不可以用来作谓语。was taken charge of by=took the charge of sb.被(由)某人负责。句意：他们做的那次实验就是在张教授负责的实验室里做的。30.The fine for speeding is so heavy that few drivers would _.A. cast about B. cash in C. take chances D. cast down【答案】C【解析】take chances“冒险，碰运气”，符合语境。句意：超速的罚款如此之重以致于很少有司机会去冒险。根据语境可知选C项。二、完形填空(从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项)Just several days ago, a violent storm hit our community. I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being _1_ by the fierce winds. The branches bent, and swayed back and forth, thanks to their _2_ to avoid breaking. The leaves desperately stuck to the branches because their life _3_ the tree. The powerful trunk that _4_ the tree upright bent slightly backwards from the force in a battle to _5_ its position.After the storm had passed, the tree gracefully returned to its _6_ position standing tall among the chaos. It managed to _7_ the storm. It didnt look the same as leaves had shed from its branches and the soil had loosened a bit, but what _8_ is that the tree won the fight for its life.For a long time I couldnt understand why this tree _9_ my attention the way it did. As time passed, it became _10_ that it wasnt just about the tree but about the roots, which, although unseen, dig deep into the soil providing _11_ and nutrition. The roots allow the tree to be able to take a _12_ because they are there to support them.I couldnt but ask myself how deep the roots are in my life. _13_, the next time you catch your kids_14_, when the job is driving you crazy, when you are underpaid and the _15_ is tight, and when the storms of life are raging, go back to your roots. Life is full of _16_. They will make you sway, make you _17_, make you lose some leaves but the deeper your roots the stronger you stand.Faced with _18_ you might bend but dont break. No matter how hard the wind blows dont let ife_19_ you into an uncomfortable position. Your _20_ lies in your roots.语篇解读：文章讲述了作者看到大树遭遇强风暴时，虽然树枝摇摆弯曲，树叶飘落，甚至根部的泥土都有些松动，但是泥土深处的强劲根部，不仅给大树输送营养，还保障了大树的稳固性，使其在狂风肆虐之下得以生存。作者由此联想到人生，当我们遇到残酷的挑战时，应该像大树那样，从根部树立坚定的信念，和勇往直前的勇气，坚忍不拔，不被困难打倒。 1.A. chained B. abused C. broken D. ceased【答案】B2.A. height B. thickness C. flexibility D. outline【答案】C【解析】height高度；thickness厚度；flexibility柔韧性；outline轮廓。根据空前的句子The branches bent, and swayed back and forth可知描述的是树的韧性，因此C项正确。句意：树枝弯曲，来回摆动，多亏了它们的柔韧性，才得以避免被折断。3.A. answered for B. calculated on C. catered for D. chased after 【答案】B 【解析】answer for对负责；cater for迎合；chase after追求；calculate on “依赖于”，符合句意，因此B项正确。句意：树叶紧紧附在树枝上，因为它们的生命依赖于树。 4.A. held B. tied C. pulled D. raised 【答案】A 【解析】tie打结，系住；pull拉；raise提升，养育。held是hold的过去式，在这里意为支撑，故A项正确。句意：强大的树干支撑着树，使得它在保持自己位置的战斗中，只是向后弯曲。5.A. achieve B. reach C. establish D. maintain 【答案】D6.A. current B. final C. original D. comfortable【答案】C【解析】current现在的；final最终的；original最初的，原来的；comfortable舒适的。本句中用returned(回到)，结合文章大意，大树应该是没被风吹到，又回到了它原来的位置，因此C项正确。句意：风暴过后，这棵树又优雅地回到了原来的位置，高高耸立在一片狼藉中。7.A. explore B. avoid C. cast D. survive【答案】D【解析】explore探索；avoid避免；cast投，扔，抛，撒；survive幸存，存活，根据句意，D项正确。句意：它努力在风暴中幸存下来。8.A. counts B. differs C. concerns D. reveals【答案】A【解析】A项count在此为不及物动词，意为重要，differ不同；concern关心；reveal显露，故A项正确。句意：重要的是，这棵树赢得了这场生存之战。9.A. fixed B. transferred C. escaped D. caught【答案】D【解析】catch ones attention为固定搭配，意为引起某人的注意，故D 项正确。句意：很长一段时间我都不明白，为什么这棵树会以这种方式引起我的注意。学科&网10.A. strange B. obvious C. possible D. reasonable 【答案】B【解析】strange奇怪的，陌生的，possible可能的；reasonable合理的。而B项obvious明显的，符合语境，故B 项正确。句意：随着时间的推移，原因变得很明显了，引起我注意的不仅仅是树本身，还包括它的根，虽然看不见，却深深地扎根于地下，给树提供稳定性(使树牢固地站立)和营养。11.A. surroundings B. resources C. probability D. stability【答案】B12.A. beating B. stand C. chance D. turning【答案】A【解析】take a beating固定搭配，受打击，经受挫折，因此A项正确。take a chance冒险，碰运气。句意：树根允许树能够经受挫折，因为有它们在支持它。13.A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Besides 【答案】B 【解析】however表转折，therefore表因果，nevertheless表转折，besides表并列，因此 B项正确。空格前一句句意为：我不禁问自己，我生命中的根在有多深。后一句句意：下一次当你发现你的孩子行为不端时，当你的工作快把你逼疯时，当你的工资过低，你的钱又很紧张时，当生命的风暴肆虐时，回到你的根部。可知前后两句属于因果关系，思考过自己的根有多深，因此可以在风暴肆虐时回到根部。14.A. misbehaving B. struggling C. withdrawing D. misunderstanding 【答案】A【解析】A项misbehaving意为行为不礼貌。struggling斗争；withdrawing撤回，撤销；misunderstanding误解，因此A项正确。句意：当你发现孩子行为不端时。15.A. security B. deadline C. money D. community【答案】C【解析】security安全；deadline最后期限；money钱；community社区。根据上下文语境可知，money与前面的单词underpaid相对应，即当你感觉报酬不足，用钱紧张时，因此C项正确。句意：当你的工资过低，你的钱又很紧张时。16.A. surprises B. choices C. storms D. changes【答案】C17.A. smile B. bend C. hesitate D. advance【答案】B【解析】smile微笑；bend弯曲；hesitate犹豫；advance前进。前文提到树干被大风刮得有点弯曲，这里指人生遇到的风暴也会让人如同大树一样，有点弯曲，但是根系越深，人便站得越稳，因此B项符合语境。句意：他们会使你摇摆，使你弯曲，使你失去一些叶子，但是你的根越深，你站得越稳。18.A. chaos B. challenges C. tasks D. differences【答案】B【解析】chaos混乱，杂乱，紊乱；challenges挑战；task任务；differences不同。challenges意为挑战，与上一段提到的storms相对应，即人生中遇到的各种困难，因此B项正确。句意：面对挑战，你可能会弯曲，但是不要被折断。19.A. cheat B. argue C. force D. admit【答案】C【解析】force sb into固定短语，意为“强迫某人”，因此 C项正确。句意：无论风暴有多么强烈，都不要让生活逼迫自己处于不舒服的境地。20.A. courage B. ambition C. value D. strength【答案】D【解析】courage勇气；ambition野心，雄心；value价值；strength力量，力气。上一段最后一句话中的the deeper your roots the stronger you stand是对本题答案的提示，即：根系越深站得越稳，就是说你的力量来自于你坚实的根基，所以D项正确。句意：你的力量存在于你的根基上。三、任务型阅读(请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一个最恰当的词)“HELL is a city much like London,” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers(居民)have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclearuntil now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging(机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI)to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.In Dr Meyer-Lindenbergs first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25-40%). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.The city peoples general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas(杏仁核)and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex(前扣带皮层，简称pACC).People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a persons childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows such connections to be measured.In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the connections were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these connections broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of order.Dr Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths testsand also tests in which they were mentally ups and downswhile investigators scolded them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the pACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental effort.As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr Meyer-Lindenbergs work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.Title: Do urban brains behave differently from rural ones?Purpose of the researchThe research was conducted to explain why city dwellers are more likely to 1_ serious disorders than countrymen.Process of the researchDesign of the researchThe researchers made the participants take difficult maths tests and provided negative feedback, which served as the source of 2_ for the participants.Meanwhile the researchers scanned their brains and got indications by a scanning technique called fMRI .Findings of the researchThe activity level in the amygdalas is highest in city dwellers, 3_ by those living in towns and the countryside. Besides, the amygdalas respond 4_.The activity level of a persons pACC, regulating the amygdalas, is 5_ by the place where he was raised, and the pACC works when a person is at a 6_ age.The association between the amygdalas and the pACC depends on a pers