工业机械手外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

原文摘自Manufacturing Engineering and Technology-MachiningRobot developed in recent decades as high -tech automated production equipment Industrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots . It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations , in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and machines , in particular , reflects the peoples intelligence and adaptability . The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development . With the development of industrial automation , there has been CNC machining center , it is in reducing labor intensity , while greatly improved labor productivity . However , the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material , usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device . The former time -consuming and labor intensive , inefficient ; the latter due to design complexity , require more relays , wiring complexity , vulnerability to body vibration interference , while the existence of poor reliability , fault more maintenance problems and other issues . Programmable Logic Controller PLC -controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple , circuit design is reasonable. with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the systems reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology .First, an overview of industrial manipulator Robot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be reprogrammed to change in multifunctional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Electronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East chinas coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.With the rapid development of Chinas industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the work piece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes man made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would like to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.Why would a robot designed to provide a pneumatic power:pneumatic robot refers driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, does not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment (Concept of environmental protection )2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small(typically less than asphalt gas path pressure drop of one thousandth ), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low(usually 4 to 8 kg/per square centimeter), and therefore moving the material components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding. 5. The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline.But there are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility of air.resulting in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily controlled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large; in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased.With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantages.Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impact on production. Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-distance transport.The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the material and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in I to 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of the outstanding merits of pneumatic.Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. It can be safely used in flammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.Second, the composition, mechanical handRobot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the basic form is the same as the composition of the, Usually by the implementing agencies, transmission systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.1. Implementing agenciesManipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are crawling institutions, is used to clamp and release the work piece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffing of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down, left, and rotary movement. A simple mechanicaI hand can not wrist Pillars used to support the arm can also be made mobile as needed.2.TransmissionThe actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-commonly used manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission,pneumatic and electric power transmission and other drive several forms.3. Control SystemManipulator control system s main role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated control system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Action will have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control.Three mechanical hand classification and characteristicsRobots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be programmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence ternary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a particular job.and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines such as the Moon, Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the work piece material and delivery.This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as theMechanical Hand, which is the host of services, from the host driven; exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and the fore special.Main features:First, mechanical hand(the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stacking robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane.labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer, etc.)Second, cantilever cranes(cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, etc)Third,rail type transport system(hanging rail,light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam crane)Four, industrial machinery, application of handManipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process develped a new type of device,.In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work and labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many sectors, and increasingly has been applied widely,for example:(1)Machining the work piece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe combination machine tool use is more common.(2)In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry. it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and components.(3)The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working environment to replace human labor.(4)May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling, dangerous goods and hazardous materials removal and so on.(5)Universe and ocean development.(6)military engineering and biomedical research and testing.Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel time-saving technology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of nonstandard design of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized eases Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws. handling objects or perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace the people engaged in monotonous. repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completion of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according to fixed procedures for the replacement operation Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping. support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pneumatic electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable. rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees off freedom. Robots are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, Iight industry and atomic energy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixed procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace hum an labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment commonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the work piece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers ,etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manipulation by humans: such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions, Task of hand is holding the work piece(or tool)components, according to grasping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type,type and adsorption-based care such as holding. Sports organizations, so that the completion of a variety of hand rotation(swing), mobile or compound movements to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and posture,especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation. Robot can replace humans completed the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity.Manipulator has been applied more and more widely. in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used.At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important component of the FMC. The machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable. When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market competition. At present, chinas industrial robot Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, technology and its engineering application level and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very necessary. Therefore,the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.译文摘自制造工程与技术加工机器人是近几十年发展起来的高技术自动化生产设备，工业机器人是工业机器人的一个重要分支。它的特点是可以在各种期望下执行任务，在结构和性能上都有自己的人和机器，尤其体现了人们的智能和适应性。机器人操作的准确性和各种环境中完成工作的能力在国民经济领域中有着广阔的发展前景。随着工业自动化的发展，出现了数控加工中心，它在降低劳动强度的同时，大大提高了劳动生产率。但在数控加工的上、下通用材料中，通常仍采用手动或传统的继电器控制半自动装置。前者耗费时间，劳动密集，效率低下；后者由于设计复杂，要求继电器较多，接线复杂，易受机体振动干扰，同时存在可靠性差、故障较多的维修问题等问题。可编程序控制器PLC控制的机器人上下料运动控制系统简单，电路设计合理。抗干扰能力强，保证了系统的可靠性，降低了维修率，提高了工作效率。机器人技术涉及到力学、机械学、电液技术、自动控制技术、传感器技术和计算机技术等科学领域，是一门跨学科的综合技术。第一、先总的看一下工业机械手机器人是一种可实现自动定位和可重编程的多功能机床，它具有多个自由度，可以用来携带物体以完成不同环境下的工作。在中国塑料制品业的工资低，但仍然是一个劳动密集型，机械手的使用已经越来越普及。电子和汽车行业，欧洲和美国的跨国企业在他们的工厂在中国很早就引进了自动化生产。但现在的变化是那些在工业密集的中国南方地区、华东沿海地区的中国本土塑料加工厂也开始对机械手越来越感兴趣，因为他们要面对工人流失率高，以及为职工缴纳工伤费与中国的挑战。工业生产的迅速发展，特别是改革开放后，自动化程度的迅速提高，实现工件的装卸、转向、传动或操作钎焊、喷枪、加工和装配业务以来，扳手等工具，已越来越引起了我们的注意。机器人是模仿人工动作的一部分，根据给定的程序、轨迹和要求，自动捕捉、处理或操作自动机械装置。在现实生活中，你会发现这是一个问题。在机械车间，零件的装卸时间不令人讨厌，劳动生产率不高，生产成本大，有时会发生人为事故，造成加工人员受伤。想一想，只要有几个人，能运行24小时饱和的人权，可以用旅行的时间来代替它吗？答案是肯定的，但机器人可以来代替它。生产中应用机械手可以提高生产力减少劳动强度和劳动的自动化水平，保证产品质量、实现安全的温度、压力高、温度低、压力低、粉尘、易爆、有毒、放射性等恶劣的环境气体代替人进行正常的工作。在这里，我想设计一个机器人在实际生产中使用。为什么要设计一个机器人提供一个气动动力：气动机器人指驱动和其他能源驱动比较有以下优点：1。空气取之不尽，用之不竭，使用后排入大气，不需要回收和处置，不污染环境（环保理念）2。空气阻力小，管路压力损失小（通常小于沥青气路压降一千分之一），便于长途运输。三.压缩空气的工作压力很低（通常为48公斤/平方厘米），因此可以降低物料的移动部件和制造精度要求。4。与液压传动相比，它的动作和反应速度更快，这是气动突出的优点之一。5。空气净化器的介质，它不会变质，不容易堵塞管道，但也有地方飞它的药膏：1。在气动工作的稳定性差和可压缩性，导致执行机构的速度精度不易控制。2。由于使用气压低，输出功率不能太大；为了提高输出功率，势必使整个气动系统的结构尺寸增大。与气动传动相比，其他能源驱动具有以下优点:空气取之不尽，用之不竭，使用后排入大气，无需回收处理，不污染环境;意外或少量泄漏不会对生产造成严