高中英语北师大版必修4英语课文.ppt

“WhowantstobeaMillionaire?Idont,”saysCharlesGrayAngusDeaytoninterviewsex-millionaireCharlesGrayAlotofpeoplearedeterminedtobecomeamillionaire.Theyspendhalftheirtimedreamingupwaysofgettingrich,andtherestoftheirtimethinkingaboutalltheenjoyablethingstheywoulddooncetheygotrich.Butdoallmillionairesfindthehappinessthattheythoughttheywouldgetwhentheyachievetheirgoals?Somemillionairescontinuetobeconcernedaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires.Theyarehardworkingtogetallthatmoney.Thentheyarehardworkingtomakesuretheyneverloseit!Buttherearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbacksontheirmillionsandfounddifferentwaystobehappyintheirlives.CharlesGrayisoneexample.Sixteenyearsago,Charleswasacollegeprofessorwithahugesix-bedroomhouseand$2million.Todayhelivesinasmalldormitoryroomwherethereisonlysecond-handfurniture.TherearecertainlynosignsthatCharleswasarichman!Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees.Charlesgrowssomevegetablesandafewflowers.Hegetshisclothesandalotofotherthingsfromcharityshops.ButCharlesappreciatesthischange.,1.1,Hewaspleasedtogiveupthelifestyleofarichman.Hewastiredofbeingapersonwhohadeverythinginaworldwheremanypeoplehadnothing.Hemadethechoicetogiveallhismoneyaway.Andthis,hesaid,broughthimhappiness.“Afewyearsago,”saysCharles,“Iwasamillionaire,butwasawaretherewerealotofhungrypeopleintheworld.”Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneytocharities.Whenhehadtwothousanddollarsleft,hegaveawaysmallbanknotesinthestreetsoflocalpoorareas.DidhefeellikeFatherChristmas?“Itwasalotoffun,”saysCharles.Charlesbelievesthatmanypeoplewanttoearnalotofmoneysothattheywillnothaveanyworries.However,mostpeoplenevermakemuchmoney.CharlesGraydecidedtodropoutandhasdiscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymakesyoufree.Arethereanythingshemisses?“No,Immuchhappiernow.Iwouldntgobacktobeingrichforanything-noway.”,WhenlessismoreWhatcanyoudowith5yuan?Notalot,youmaythink.Well,ifbuyingabagofcandiesorcookiesdoesntappealtoyou,howaboutbuyingatreeinstead?Yes,atreealongthebanksoftheYellowRivertobeexact.Everyyear,approximately1.6billiontonsofsoilflowsintotheYellowRiver,Chinassecondlongestriver.Thesoilcontainsmaterialstokeepthenaturalbalanceofthearea.Overtime,alotofsoilhasbeenremoved,whichhascausedseriouserosionofthelandalongtheRiver.InsomeareasinShanxiProvince,thishasdestroyedalmostalltheland,andhasforcedmanylocalfarmerstomovetootherareas.ItisahugejobtocontrolYellowRivererosion.Manypeoplebelievethiskindofworkisbestdonebygovernmentorinternationalorganisations.Youmayagreewiththispointofview.Ifso,itistimeforyoutothinkagain.Infact,itisyouwhohavethemostimportantroletoplayinstoppingYellowRivererosion.Didyouknowtheimportanceofyour5yuan?Forastart,itcanbuyyouatree,whichwillhelpmakesoilstayontheland.Onlandwithrichsoil,localfarmerscangrowcropstomakealiving.Withthemoneytheyearnfromtheircrops,farmersbuygoodsorservices.Thishelpstodeveloplocaleconomies.,1.2,Stillpuzzledhowyour5yuancanhavesomucheffect?Well,justtakealookatthefactbelow.Since1997,atree-plantingprogrammehaschangedtheJiuchengongValleyinInnerMongoliaintoagreenhomeland.Visitorsfromallovertheworldnowcometoadmirethisgreatachievement.Whatismore,thesuccessoftheprogrammehasgreatlyimprovedthelivesofthelocalpeople.Justthink:allthisstartedwith5yuan!Sowhenyouhave5yuaninyourpocketnexttime,thinktwiceabouthowtousethemoney.Rememberyoucanuseittobuyatreeandcreateagreenfutureforourmotherland,ourpeopleandyourself.,RemoteHeadphonesThesefantasticheadphonesfromPhilipshavenowires.Youcanlistentoyourfavouriteprogrammeswhileyouarewalkingroundthehouseorgarden!Youcanlistentorelaxingmusicinthebath!WithRemoteHeadphonesyoucangouptosixtymetresawayfromyourradioorTV.Thesignalsgothroughglass,doorsandwalls.Theseexciting,newheadphonesgiveyoufreedomtomovearoundplustopqualitysound.Excellentvalueat:80.45MiniCameraInterestedinphotography?Fujikohasproducedanamazingnewminicamera-theadvanced1001ix.Itisnobiggerthanacreditcard!Itisconvenientandveryreliable.Itisreallyeasytouse,too.Ithasanautomaticfocusandflash,soyoudonthavetoworryaboutanything.Itsalsomadefromanattractiveandstrongmaterial.TheMiniCameraisnotexpensiveeither!Cost:199.99SpecialJewelleryForYourEarsThesearegoldandattractive.Theyarealsousefulinmanynoisysituations.Whenyouaretiredoflouddiscomusic,orboredataparty,youdonthavetolisten.,1.3,Simplyputthemon!Thousandsofsatisfiedcustomers!Abargainat19.50!FelineFloorCleanersDoyoufindhouseworktiringandboring?Areyouworriedaboutthestateofyourhouseorflat?Haveyougotacatthatwalksroundyourflatallday?Hereistheperfectsolution.Itwillchangeyourlife.Putthefloorcleanersonyourcat,andsitbackandrelax.Thecleanersaremadefromgoodqualitymaterial.Theyareverypracticalandeasytowash.Andtheyrecheap!Specialoffer-completesetforonly5.99.Writeto:AnimalMagic,P.O.Box123,AfricaonG8AgendaJuly5,2005ScotlandTheGroupofEight,orG8,wasformedbyeightoftheworldswealthiestnationsin1998.TheG8ismadeupofpoliticalleadersfromFrance,theUnitedStates,Britain,Germany,Japan,Italy,CanadaandRussia.Theymeeteverysummertodiscussmajorproblemsthatconcernthewholeworld.Itisgoingtoberememberedasahistoricalmeetingthisyear,asthetopicofAfricawillbediscussedindetail.WidespreadpovertyinAfricameansthatmanypeopletherecannotgetthewater,clothing,housing,electricityoreducationtheyneed.AIDSisanotherproblemofgreatconcernsosexeducationandhealthcareadministrationareextremelyimportant.Reformshavebeendemandedbypeoplefromallovertheworld.TheywanttheleaderstocancelthedebtofAfricaspoorestcountriessothattheproblemstherecanbepreventedfromgettinganyworse.Theirbeliefisthatthisistheonlywayformanyofthesenationstoescapetheirpainfulpasts.,2.1.1,LONDONWINSJuly6,2005LondonAt12:45UKtimetoday,thenameofthehostcityforthe2012OlympicGameswasbeingannouncedbytheInternationalOlympicsCommittee(IOC)inSingapore.ItwasLondon.Londonsnamehadbeenannouncedtwicebefore,in1908and1948,soitnowhasthedistinctionofbeingthefirstcitytohosttheeventthreetimes.ApplicationstohostthegameshadalsobeenmadebyMoscow,Madrid,NewYorkandParis.Intheend,itcamedowntoachoicebetweenParisandLondon.Thenewsisbeingcelebratedbycrowdsinthestreets.Cheeringpeoplecanalsobeseeneverywhere:inpubs,homesandofficesalloverLondon.PrinceWilliam,whoisnowinNewZealand,saidhewasdelightedthatthe2012OlympicGameswouldbeheldinLondonandhewaslookingforwardtotheGames.,2.1.2,Theclassicadvertisementisonethatgivesinformationaboutfindingcertainproducts.Itislikelytobejustthenameofacompany,partofwhichmaybeagenerallocation.Forexample,itcouldbe“ShanghaiSewingMachine”,or“TsingTaoBeerCorporation”,andyouwouldknowwhatthecompaniessell,wheretheyarelocated,andthebrandnames.However,thiskindofadvertisingmightnotbesuitablewhenthereareproductsandservicesindirectcompetitionwitheachotherinthemarketplace.Insuchsituations,advertisementsneedtoattract,andholdtheattentionofthepublic.Someadvertisementsconsistofpicturesorthewordsofexpertstoshowpeoplehowgoodtheproductsare.Otherstrytocreateadvertisementsthatpeoplesimplyenjoylookingat.Aspresent-dayadvertisersoftenhavelargebudgets,alotofmoneyisspentonapplyingmoderntechniquesofdesigntomaketheseadvertisementsasvisuallyattractiveaspossible.However,eventhisisoftennotenoughtobenoticedinamoderncity.Becauseoftheadvertisingboom,peopleareusedtoseeinghighstandardsofvisualdesign.Modernadvertisementsmuststandoutinaworldfullofcompetitionbycombiningthehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive.Forexample,2.2,someadvertisementsmaysuggestthatbuyingacarcanmakeyoufree.Thatis,theyusetheconceptoffreedomtosellthecar.Othercommonideasincludehappiness,wealthandsuccess.Infact,intheworldofadvertisements,suchcontentisasoldasadvertisingitself.Formanyoftodaysadvertisers,repeatingoldideasisnotasuccessfulapproach.Theyrealisethatitdoesnotmatterhowattractivetheidealinkedwiththeproductis-mostpeopleknowthatthemainpurposeoftheadvertisementismakingcustomersspendmoney.Instead,theseadvertiserslookforotherwaystomakepeoplenoticetheirproducts.Thetopadvertisersoftodaybelievethatusinghumouraswellasnewandunusualideastosurprisepeopleisimportantinmodernadvertisements.Theiraimistocreatesomethingthathasneverbeenseenbeforeandisfascinatingforpeopletolookat.Bydoingthis,theyhopetomakepeopleforgetthatsomeoneistryingtosellthemsomething!However,notalladvertisingisaboutsellingproductsandservicesforaprofit.Somecontemporaryadvertisementsmainlyaimtomakecontributionstosociety.Therearepublicadvertisementswhichencouragecitizenstoparticipateinimprovingtheirneighbourhood,protectingtheenvironment,andhelpingotherpeople.Overthelastdecade,thegovernmenthasworkedhardatusingadvertisementstoeducatethepubliconfightingAIDS,savingwater,helpingthepoor,givingupsmoking,etc.Theseadvertisementshavehelpedtoincreasepublicknowledge,whichhasmadeoursocietyabetterplaceforeveryone.,AAccordingtoaresearchpublishedbyLeedsUniversityyesterday,peopledontmindbadlanguageontelevisionaslongasitisnotusedinprogrammeswatchedbychildren.Thestudyfoundtherewas“amazingagreement”aboutwhenbadlanguagewasseriousandwhenitwasnot.Evenagroupofmothersagreedthatacertainamountofbadlanguageinthewell-knownfilmPulpFictionwas“OK”becausethedialogueandsituationmadeit“funny”.Somepeoplesaidtheyfoundtheuseofdrugsinthefilmmoreworryingthanthebadlanguage.PeoplewereaskedtocommentonscenesfromfilmslikePulpFiction,TVserieslikeChannel4sBrooksideandcartoonslikeSouthPark.LeedsUniversityconcludedthatpeoplemadeadistinctionbetweenbadlanguageusedinprogrammesforadults,andthosemeantforchildren.PeterMoore,awriterattheBBC,said,“Theresultdoesnotsurpriseusatall.Wehavealwaystriedtokeepbadlanguageawayfrominnocentearsandthisisaveryimportantconsiderationwhendecidingatwhattimesofdaycertainprogrammesareshown.”SusanBold,directorofprogrammesatITV,said,“Thereportgivesinterestinginformationaboutattitudestobadlanguageonscreen.Butitdoesntmeanthatwecanincreasetheamountofbadlanguageusedontelevision.”,2.3,BMorethan30astronomersonasightseeingtriptothemuseumofsciencehadanamazingescape,aftertheirtrolleybuscrashedintoagreengrocerstruckonParkAvenue.Theaccident,whichtookplaceinKingston,atownsouthwestofLondon,happenedbecauseofthefog.The60-year-olddriverofthetruckdidnotknowthathewasparkedinthewayofthetrolleybus.Whenthedriverfinallydiscoveredthetrolleybuscomingtowardshimthroughthefog,hetriedtomovebuthistyresgotstuckinthemuddyground.Atthelastminute,hejumpedoutofthetruck,hurtinghisankle,beforethetrolleybuscrashedintothetruck,pushingit20yards.“IwouldhavebeenkilledifIdstayedinthetruck,”hesaidafterwards.Aspokesmanforthepolicesaid,“Itsamazingthatnoonewasbadlyhurt.Whenwearrivedatthescene,wecalledanambulanceaswesawbloodeverywhere.Wesoonrealised,however,thatthebloodwasreallystrawberryjuice!Thegreengrocerstruckhadbeencarryingaloadoffreshstrawberries.”Hepraisedthebraveryoftheastronomerswhowerehelpedoutofthewindowsofthetrolleybusbyfiremen.,CMumLillianDerbyshireisgoingtoseeherfourdaughtersagain-aftera31-yearholiday!Shonda(now38),Shelley(37),Sherri(36)andShirin(34)wentonholidaytoAmericawithLilliansex-husband-andnevercameback.Sherriwrotealettertoalocalpaperaskinghermothertocontacther.NowLillian,ofWestGorton,Manchester,ismakingthe3,000-milejourneytoCaliforniatoseeherdaughters.Icantstopcryingwithhappiness,shesaid.,DearAuntMei,IcantbelieveIvebeeninLondonfor6monthsalready!Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.IvejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundmeIthinkImstillexperiencingcultureshock.Thereissomuchherethatisdifferentfromhome.Butyoullsoonexperienceitallyourself!Iwishyourvisitwasntgoingtobesobriefbuttheresalotwecandoandseeinaweek.ImjustsogladyoucanaffordtovisitmeandIrefusetoletyoupayforanythingwhileyourehere!IdontknowwhatyourexpectationsareofLondon,butknowingthatyouvenevertravelledoutsideofAsia,IthoughtIdtellyouabitaboutwhatyoucanexpecttofind.Firstofall,thefood.WhenIfirstgothere,IwasamazedtofindthatLondonissuchaninternationalcity.Therearepeoplefromallovertheworldlivinghereandasaresult,therearemanyinternationalrestaurants.DoyouknowthatalmosteverytowninBritainhasatleastoneChineserestaurant?ButBritishpeoplehardlyevereatChinesefoodforbreakfast.Youregoingtohavetogetusedtobaconandeggswithafewslicesoftoastforbreakfastoverhere,AuntMei!Andawordofadvice.,3.1,ToavoidgettingconfusedabouttheBritishtippingsystem,youneedtocheckyourbilltoseeifatipisincludedornot.Ifitisnt,Isuggestleaving10%ofthebillforthewaiterorwaitressevenabitmoreiftheserviceisgood.TalkingofmoneyitsreallyeasytoexchangetravellerschequesatbanksorhotelssoIadviseyoutogetsomeofthosebeforeyoucome.IthinkweshouldconsiderstayingintheEnglishcountrysideforafewnightsasIknowyouenjoyhiking.Wecanwanderthroughthefieldsandevenpickafewmushroomstohavewithourbreakfast!Ihavelearntwhichonesaretastyandsafetoeatsowewontriskgettingsick!Anddontforgetawarmcoat!Itcangetprettycoldandfoggyinthiscountry.Onelastthing,IdidntunderstandBritishhumouratallwhenIfirstgothere.TheBritishfindthestrangestthingsfunny!WerecertainlymoreusedtoChinesehumoursodontbesurprisedifyouhearlaughterwhenyoudontthinkanythingsfunny.Theyrenotlaughingatyou!ButeventhoughsomeBritishpeoplearequitestrange,themajorityofthemarereallyfriendlyandIvemadesomegoodfriends.Anyhow,Idbettergetbacktowork.Iamsolookingforwardtoyourvisit,AuntMei!LoveXiaojin,WhenIfirstarrivedinSanFrancisco,IhadadifficulttimeunderstandingcertainaspectsoftheAmericanwayofdoingthings.OnceIwenttovisitanAmericanfriend.Afterasplendidevening,Ifinishedmycocoaandgotreadytoleave.Assoonaswesaidgoodbye,myfriendwentbacktohisroomclosingthedoorbehindhim.ItmademefeelthatIwasnotreallywelcome.JinLiIvealwaysbeenoutgoingbutsinceanembarrassingexperienceinaNewYorkrestaurantIvebeenmuchmorecautious.IwasenjoyingmydessertandtalkingtomyAmericanfriendJaniceatthetablewhenInoticedpeoplestaringatus.IaskedJanicewhatwaswrongandshetoldmethatIwastalkingtooloudly.ShesaidthattosomeAmericanpeople,itsoundedlikeIwasshouting.Iwhisperedfortherestoftheevening.WangLeiWhatdidIlearnaboutChinesecustomsfrommyexcitingexchangetoChina?Well,theChineseareextremelywelcoming.Oneevening,IwasinvitedtoaChinesefamilydinner.,3.2,Ihadagoodappetiteandthefoodwasyummy.Butmyhostkeptonputtingmorefoodinmyricebowl.Theydidntseemtohearmesaying“No,thankyou”inmypoorspokenChinese.ThiswasaveryspecialexperienceIhadinChina.Inmyculture,youdontgetmorefoodifyoudontaskformore.MartinIhadasimilarexperiencethelasttime,IvisitedChina.TheChinesearethefriendliestpeopleIhaveevermet.AftermyvisittoaChinesefamily,myfriendsgrandfatherwouldntletmegotothebusstationalone.Heinsistedonwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.IkeptsayingthatIknewthewaymyself,butitjustdidnotwork.Whathedidwasamazing.Thiswillnothappeninmanyothercultures,Iguess.TomChinesepeopleareverymodesttoo.Lasttime,whenIvisitedChina,wesawthetourguidewearingaveryprettyfurcoatonthedayweleft.Itoldherthecoatsuitedher,butshelookedveryembarrassed,sayingthatitwasacheaponeshehadboughtalongtimeago.Iwassurprised.Inmyculture,whenpeoplesaynicethingsaboutus,wefeelveryhappyandsaythanks.Tina,Host:Welcometo“CountriesoftheWorld”.TodayweretalkingaboutAustralia,thelandofsunshineandsurfing.GeorgeandFionaaretwoAustralianswhohavejoinedusfortodaysshow.Sofirstofall,tellusabitaboutyourselves.George:Hi.Well,IliveonanacreoflandoutsideMelbournebutmyfamilyactuallycameherefromGreeceinthe1980sinfact,MelbourneisthecitywiththelargestnumberofGreekpeopleoutsideAthens!Atfirst,wedidntfeelwebelonghere,butnowweareattachedtothelandweliveon.Host:Thanks,George.NowheresFionafromSydneyFiona:Hello.AustraliaismybirthplacebutmymumcamefromScotlandandmydadcamefromFrance.ThatsthegreatthingaboutAustraliancultureitssuchamixofdifferentcultures.TheearlysettlersweremostlyEnglishandIrish,butsince1945,thepopulationhasbecomemoreandmoremixedwithpeoplefromSouthernEuropeandAsia.Host:Wow!HowdothesedifferentculturesaffectdifferentaspectsofAustralianculture?,3.3,Fiona:Well,forexample,weseealltheseinfluencesinmodernAustraliancooking.Chefscallit“fusionfood”abrilliantmixtureofdeliciousSouthernEuropeanfoodmixedwithSoutheastAsianfood.Thedessertsarethebesttheyresoyummy!Host:Soundstasty!George:Andkangaroosaretastytoo!InMelbourne,theonlyplaceweeverseekangaroosisonthemenuinarestaurant.YoumainlyseekangaroosinthevastareaofdesertinthemiddleofAustralia.ThisisagreatplaceforcampingbutyouhavetolookoutforsnakesandspidersAustraliahassomeofthemostdangerousinthe