汽车外文翻译外文文献英文文献中国汽车工业及其全球化

中国汽车工业及其全球化（节译）摘要：由于改革开放政策的实行，中国汽车行业的实现了飞速的发展，特别是在20世纪90年代初期。中国政府一直鼓励国内和合资公司通过引进日本和欧美的汽车及其零部件制造商的直接投资，来向中国内部扩张。中国的目标是在2020年成为全球车业举足轻重的角色。本文旨在分析中国的汽车工业目前存在的优势和弱点，并且讨论如果中国汽车行业如果要实现全球化，什么将是它所需要的。本文将侧重点放在“与合资企业相关的政府政策”，“市场拓展”，“如何解决规模和范围问题”以及“需要解决的质量问题”这些点上-如果中国车企想与西方国家更先进的汽车企业一争高下的话。最后，中国汽车企业在发达经济体市场参与中是难还是易？本文将对此进行探讨评估。出口潜力分析结论：很显然，中国的国内汽车生产商不足以对世界上先进的汽车厂商形成的严峻挑战。最近关于安全性和废气排放测试的实验中，给中国的汽车制造商之间带来了更严峻的气氛，但这不应该是西方汽车厂家得意的理由。中国将借鉴他们的经验，很可能在未来几年内，将缩小在设计和技术方面与西方的差距。当中国汽车开始进入西方市场，甚至像奇瑞这种在中国享有良好的声誉的汽车公司将大力跟进，它将采取低价策略进入欧美市场，估计比美国或欧洲等值商品低30。此外，中国企业将要面对经销商建立的巨额成本，而在美国，将需要至少250个经销网点，其初始建设成本可能削弱其企业竞争力。全文结论：从上述很明显，中国汽车品牌在全球汽车领域走向强大的道路上有它极其强大的力量，并且这已经不是它走得是否好的问题了，而是中国本土汽车制造商什么时候能够有足够的准备，试图渗透进先进的并且已经饱和的西方和日本汽车市场。然而，有充分的证据表明，在大约五到十年间这将不难看到。而且它发生的时候，中国的汽车制造商将按照以前日本和韩国走过的道路，以比日韩更快的速度扩张。在中国进入欧美日韩汽车市场之前，中国需要处理其自主汽车行业所面临的严重问题。这些措施包括着手采取一些合理化的政策，通过关闭或接管和兼并的方式来取缔实力较弱的企业，留下那些足够大，并且有能力能够挑战西方跨国公司的汽车公司。这将是不容易的，可能引起北京当局和地方政府之间的一些冲突，导致定向兼并和工厂倒闭。更大程度的合理化，对于与汽车行业的相连的行业也是十分必要的。从技术的角度而言，中国企业缺乏一定的知识产权。在向西方出口之前，中国汽车行业需要发展一个更加综合的，并在行业内具有更高水平的设计，研发，安全和质量的产品的能力，并因此减少目前对西部企业的依赖。如果在短期至中期这确实太困难的话，仍然是有其他方法的，比如政府可以改变一些政策，放宽合资企业的成立条件，并鼓励新的项目形式，这样使合资企业对中国企业出口远景方面起到一定的帮助。需要说明的是，西方公司可能并不热衷于出口中国制造的产品，因为中国制造将与自己的国内产品直接竞争。最后，中国汽车企业需要在美国欧洲建立分销渠道和销售网络。在此期间，西方生产者也不能停滞不前，但也中国不会。他们终究会来的！The Chinese Car Industry and GlobalizationTom Donnelly,Faculty of BusinessCoventry University, UKAbstract:Since the beginning of the Open Door policy, the Chinese car industry has grown rapidly particularly from the early 1990s. The national government has encouraged both domestic and joint venture firm expansion through inwards foreign direct investment by western and Japanese car and component manufacturers. The objective is that China becomes a major player in the global car industry by 2020. This paper intends analyzing the current strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese automotive industry and will discuss what is required if the industry is to grow globally. It will focus on government policy in relation to joint ventures, market expansion, how problems of scale and scope and quality need to be tackled if the Chinese are to compete against more advanced firms in the west. Finally, it will assess how easy or difficult it will be for Chinese firms to penetrate markets in the developed economies.Export Potential Conclusion:It is clear that Chinas domestic car producers are not yet in a position to mount a serious challenge in the worlds advanced car markets. Recent experiences over safety and emission tests have brought about a more sober mood among Chinas car producers, but that ought not to give rise to any kind of complacency in the west. The Chinese will learn from their experiences and it is likely the gaps in design and technology will narrow in coming years. When Chinese cars do begin to penetrate western markets, even firms like Chery which enjoy a good reputation in China will be forced to follow a low price strategy with prices estimated to being approximately 30 per cent below their US or European equivalents. Moreover, Chinese firms will have to face the cost of building up dealerships and in the US this would entail a minimum of 250 outlets whose initial set-up costs could mitigate against firm competitiveness. Conclusion：From the foregoing it is obvious that China is well on its way to being an extremely potent force in the global car industry and that it is not a question of if, but when its domestic automotive producers are adequately prepared to try to penetrate the advanced, saturated markets of the West and of Japan. However the weight of evidence indicates that this will not be a serious position for circa five to ten years and when it happens, Chinese producers will follow the path previously trodden by Japan and Korea, but at a much quicker pace. Before this can occur the Chinese need to deal with the serious problems confronting their industry. These include the need to embark on a policy of rationalisation to weed out the weaker firms either through closure or by take-over and merger, leaving possibly only a dozen or so large concerns that are capable of challenging western multinationals. This will not be easy and may require an element of confrontation between the Bejing authorities and provinical governments, leading to directed mergers and factory closures. An even greater degree of rationalisation will be required on the component side of the industry.Technically Chinese firms are light on the possession of intellectual property and it is thought that before trying to export to the west they will need to develop a much more integrated industry capable of high levels of design, R&D, product safety and quality and so lessen the current dependency on western firms. If this proves too difficult in the short to medium term, there always remains the option of changes in government policy to reduce the restrictions on joint ventures and encourage new forms of projects so that JV firms can assist Chinese firms in their desire to export. The caveat is that western firms may not be keen to export their Chinese made products which would com