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ByLiuMingyue,William,Makepeace,Thackeray,Thackeraywasarepresentativeofcriticalrealismin19th-centuryEnglandwhohasthesamereputationwithCharlesDickens.ThackeraywasbornatCalcuttain1811.Hisfather,RichmondThackeray,hadbeenanIndiancivilservant,ashadWilliamsgrandfather.Attheageofsix,ThackeraywassenttobeeducatedinEngland.OnhiswaytoEnglandfromIndia,thesmallThackeraysawNapoleononSt.Helena.Inhisearlyeducation,anindependentspiritwasinfusedtosmallThackeray.Sohewenthisownway,attendingvariousschools,andleavingThinityCollege,Cambridgewithouttakingadegree.,HemarriedIsabella,anIrishgirl,inParis,1836,whoenchantedhimwithhersinging,andwhowasthemodelforAmeliainVanityFair.Threedaughterswereborn,onedyingininfancy.Afterthebirthofthethirdchild,Mrs.Thackeraysmindwasaffectedandshehadtobeplacedwithafamilywhotookcareofher.ThelittlegirlsweresenttoThackeraysmotherinParis.AlthoughMrs.Thackerayoutlivedherhusbandbythirtyyears,shedidnotrecover.Asayoungmanwitharuinedfortuneandatragicmarriage,Thackeraywasforcedtoearnhislifewithhispen.PoliticallyThackeraywasaradical,advocatingsocialreformanddemocracy.Inhisopinion,theexistingsocietywascorruptedaswellascorrupting.Hetookitashisdutytoexposethevicesofhisage,especiallythoseintheupper-middleclass.AndHealsoregardedsnobberyandthemoney-grabbingasthechiefviceinhissociety.Hecriticizesthesocialmoralthatmakesupthesociety.Hiscriticismembracespeopleofallsocialstrata;hissocial-climbersandsnobsandmoney-grabberscanbefoundinanyclass.Healwaysspeaksinanironical,sarcasticandcynicaltoneofanon-looker.Heusedhispentodisclosethedarknessofsociety,andtheVanityFairisavividandsatireembodimentofthattimeandsociety.,MASTERPIECES,VanityFair(名利场,1848)TheHistoryofHenryEsmond(亨利伊斯蒙德,1852)3.Others,VanityFairANovelwithoutaHero,VanityFairisMr.Thackeraysmostimportantwork.Thenoveldescribestwowomen:AmeliaSedleywhodoesnotesteemthevaluesofVanityFairandRebeccaSharpwhocaresfornothingelse.,TheHistoryofHenryEsmond,Outofmodesty,onesupposes,theimpossiblyvirtuousHenryEsmondnarrateshisadventuresinthethirdperson.Raisedtobelievehimselfanoblemanslove-child,heeventuallydiscoversheisalegitimateheir.Thisknowledgehesuppressesinfavorofhisnearrelationsandbenefactors,especiallytheJacobiteLadyCastlewoodandherdaughter,bothofwhomhelovesdevotedly,andoneofwhomheeventuallymarries.Inthemeantime,neitherhenorhiskincanescapethepolitical,martial,andreligiousturmoilofQueenAnnesEngland.,OtherMasterpieces:Full-lengthnovels:1.TheHistoryofPendennis(彭登尼斯,1850))2.TheNewcomes(纽克姆一家,1855)3.TheVirginian

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