2011届高考英语语法复习：介词(外研版).ppt

介词,一、方位介词1above，over，on；below，under，beneath(1)above侧重于相对水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。(2)over侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反义词是under。(3)on侧重于与物体表面接触，其反义词是beneath。Becareful，thereisaheavyboxoveryourhead.Thepositionhepointedtowasbelowthesealevel.2across，over，through，pastacross意为“横穿、穿越”，表示运动发生在物体的表面。over意为“跨过，越过”，表示运动发生在物体的上方。through意为“穿过，通过”，表示运动发生在某物的空间。past意为“从旁经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。,TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast，acrossdesert，overmountains，throughvalleystillatlastitreachesthesea.3in，on，to在方位名词前的区别。in表示在范围之内；to表示在某范围之外的地方；on表示“毗邻”“接壤”。ShandongProvinceis/liesintheeastofChina.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.二、时间介词1at，in，on，by，afterat,inonbyafter,2.for，from，sincefor后接时段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。from接时间点的名词词组，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短。since接时间点的名词词组，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻，因而与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。,Mr.Brownenjoyedthecountrylifeandlivedthereforalmostfifteenyearsafterhisretirement.Myyoungersisterbegantolearndancingfromtheageoffive.HehasbeenworkinginTibetsincehegraduatedfromcollege.三、工具、手段、方式介词1by，in，on三词都表示旅行的方式。by,名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等时用on/in。traveltoNewYorkinthisplane；gotoschoolonmybike【说明】步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。onfoot，onhorseback,onahorse，onthecamel,2with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。Theyarediggingwithapick/spade.byhand；ininkinEnglish/Japanese,四、原因介词Sheoftenhangsherheadforshame.Hewentredwithanger.ThesportsmeetwillbeputofftillnextSaturdaybecauseoftheheavyrain.Hisillnesswasduetosmokinganddrinking.ThankstothePartysgoodpolicy，thefarmersarenowlivingahappyandrichlife.,五、介词与某些词类的搭配1名词与介词的固定搭配(1)常与to搭配的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction(2)常与in搭配的名词：interest，satisfaction，expert(3)常与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation(4)常与其他介词搭配的名词：prizefor，respectfor，victoryover，strugglewith2形容词与介词的固定搭配(1)与at搭配的形容词：afraid，angry，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened(2)与of搭配的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy(3)与with搭配的形容词：angry，strict，careful，busy，popular(4)与in搭配的形容词：weak，strict，rich，interested，successful,(5)与to搭配的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，known，married，close，similar，due(6)与for搭配的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry(7)与from搭配的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired(8)与about搭配的形容词：sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，Certain【注】同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义会不同。,of抽象名词形容词ofgreatvalueveryvaluableofnouseuselessamanofwealthawealthymanto与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”：toonestotheofsb.Muchtomyjoy，hewasquitefromdanger.at与某些名词搭配表示“一就”atthesightofatthethoughtof,过关落实,1Themanagersuggestedanearlierdate_themeeting.AonBforCaboutDwith解析：suggestadatefor为(某事)提议一个日期。答案：B2Somepeoplechoosejobsforotherreasons_moneythesedays.AforBexceptCbesidesDwith解析:besides同aswellas或inadditionto,表示“除之外还有”。答案：C3Expertshavebeenwarning_ofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.AatatimeBatonetimeCforsometimeDforthetime解析：forsometime表示“有一段时间”。答案：C,4Ithinkheistakinganactivepartinsocialwork.Iagreewithyou_.AinawayBonthewayCbythewayDintheway解析：inaway在某种程度上。答案：A5Thisisajuniorschool.Youshouldgotoaseniorschool_girlsofyourage.AforBaboutCfromDto解析：for此处意为“(专门)为(你这个年龄的女孩子们准备的)”。答案：A6Although_myopinion，theoldprofessordidntcomeupwithhisown.AagainstBonCforDin解析：against在本句中表示“反对，不赞同”。答案：A,7Fred，whohadexpectedhowitwouldgowithhisdaughter，hadagreatworry_hismind.AonBinCwithDat解析：have.on/upononesmind表“关心，为担心”。答案：A8Itsquite_mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.AforBbehindCagainstDbeyond解析：Itsbeyondsb.意为“某人不能明白”；beyond意为“(程度)超出，为所不及”。答案：D9Whendoweneedtopaythebalance?_September30.AInBByCDuringDWithin解析：by此处意为“(时间)在之前，不迟于”。答案：B,10Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_it.AinhonourofBinmemoryofCinfavourofDinsearchof解析：inhonourof意为“尊敬”；inmemoryof表“为了纪念”；insearchof指“为了寻找”；infavourof则为“赞成、拥护、支持”，与against相对。答案：C11IamafraidthatIwontbeabletospendtheweekendwithyouinDalian._，IhavenomoneyandforanotherIamtoobusy.AAfterallBForonethingCAboveallDAswell解析：foronething.，foranother.(用以陈述理由或观点)一则，再则。答案：B,12Hehesitated，wonderingifhehadaskedtoomuch_thelady.AfromBofCforDto解析：asksth.ofsb.期望，要求；asktoomuchofsb.要求过高。答案：B13Thetwophrasesaresimilar_structurebutdifferent_meaning.Ain；inBto；toCin；fromDwith；from解析：besimilar/differentin意为“在方面相似(不同)”。答案：A14ShallIcomeforthesuitonFriday?Youdbetternot.Itwontbeready_Friday.Youcan