英语高考虚拟语气语法

虚拟语气1. 英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 A. 陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中； B. 祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。 C. 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。Example:If Iwereyou ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）I wish Ihada lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）2. 条件句中的 虚拟语气 A. 条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如：If Ihavetime，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。（真是条件 陈述语气即可）If Iwereyou，Iwouldgo. 假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟条件 虚拟语气 ）时态类型主句谓语形式条件句的谓语形式例句与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+ do动词过去式did*be 动词统一用were1. If I were you, I should study English.2. I would certainly go if I had time.与过去事实相反would/should/could/might + have done动词过去完成式had done1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.与将来事实相反would/should/could/might + do动词过去式should +dowere to + do1. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.可以看出从句都往过去推一个时态 B. l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) C. If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句） 常考两个句型：If it werent for和If it hadnt been for，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadnt been for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.=But for your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.=Without your assistance ，we wouldnt have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。 D. If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)如果你问我，我会告诉你。3. 使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句： A. wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较： We hope they will come. (We dont know if they can come.) We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) B. if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!*if only 可以独立使用，没有主句。 C. l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示宁愿做什么 ，具体用法为：一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。用过去完成时表过去的愿望Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 D. l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。注：两点说明(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：It looks as if well be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。(2) 注意It isnt as if的翻译：It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。4. 表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气 A. May god blessyou.愿上帝保佑你。 B. May youenjoymany years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。5. 总结 A. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。 B. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词例如：I wish that you had come yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。 C. 表示将来不大可能实现的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。I wish that someday I should l