初中英语语法-虚拟语气.ppt

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,中学英语语法讲解,1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（见课本P170页）。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,条件从句,If从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did/were,haddone,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplaneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与未来事实相反,二、虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish+宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(未来),2.wouldratherthat-,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在),Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去),Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,4.Its(about/high)time+that-,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,6.without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是),Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,7.Ifonly(要是就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,8.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,9.Its+hightime+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即should+动词原形.也可用动词过去时态。Itishightimethatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoourenvironment.Itishightimethatwepayedmoreattentiontoourenvironment.,10.某些简单句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,三：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospital.,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedif