主谓一致课件1.ppt

1,Agreement,主谓一致,YuanXiaofeng,Usefulstructures,语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,Theboy_diving.,They_diving.,BothJackandTim_diving.,Allofthem_diving.,NeitherJacknorTim_walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finishthefollowingexercises:,Bob,Bob_aworker.,is,Mike,MikeandBob_workers.,are,BothMikeandBob_workers.,are,NeitherMikenorBob_ateacher.,is,Bill,Neitherofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,Allofthem_workers.,Noneofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,are,knows/know,5,做主谓一致题的三原则：一、语法一致原则二、就近原则三、意义一致原则,6,1.单数名词作主语，谓语用数，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用数。2.不定式，动名词，从句作主语谓动用数，定语从句的谓语动词取决于。3.主语后面有aswellas,except,but,with等引导的词时，谓语的单复数通常与这些词前面的主语。4.each(eachandeach,),every(everyandevery或some-,any-,every-，no-构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用数。5.either,neither作主语，谓语动词常用数。,复,语法一致,先行词,保持一致,单,单,单,单,7,谓语动词该用单数还是用复数形式，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的单复数。Either_A_or_B_Neither_A_nor_B_Notonly_A_butalso_B_Therebe_A_and_B_,就近原则,动词,Thinkingmakesyouclever,就近原则,8,1.Therearesomewaterandanappleonthedesk._2.Eitherhermotherorherfathercallforhereveryday._3.Notonlyyoubutalsoheareintrouble._4.Eitherhisbrothersorhehaveacar._5.Areheorsheafraidtogooutatnight?_,_,is,_,calls,_,is,_,has,_,Is,就近原则小诊所,9,1.主语是family,police等词，谓语根据意义可用数.2.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语取决于它代指的所表示的意义。3.时间、距离、金钱再多也是数。4.Noneof+复数名词作主语，谓语可用数形式。5.all,some,most,any,therest,分数或百分数等作主语时，谓语依照后面的而确定。6.The+adj.作主语，谓语用数。,单或复,名词,单或复,名词的单复数,复,单,意义一致,1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,Alloftheapples_rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple_rotten.整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,Noneofthemoney_left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_there.没有学生在那里。,is,is,None和neither有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,Neitherofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,Noneofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,knows/know,2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Halfofthestudents_finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple_bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool_boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,Hisfamily_goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily_allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolice_searchingforathief.Thecattle_eatinggrassonthehill.,are,are,5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someone_askingforyou.有人找你。Nothing_foundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。,is,is,6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Theshoes_wornout.鞋子破了。Thepairofshoes_wornout.这双鞋破了。,are,is,名词如trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors以及clothes,goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/thepairof修饰时，谓动用单数。,某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。,Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.,8.every.andevery.;each.andeach.;no.andno.在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachmanandeachwoman_askedtoattend.,is,班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。,Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.,Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.,9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooks_onthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclass_50.,are,is,10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeans_useful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeans_useful.不是所有的方法都好使。,is,are,11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。Manyaboy_（have）seenit.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyears_（be）notalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.,has,is,25,Watchandtalkagain.1.Noneofpeople_(like)togetupearlyinthemorning.2.Therich_(have)muchmoney.3.Hisfriendsbooksarenew,buthis_(be)old.4._(be)thereanypolicearound?5.Hisfamily_(be)notlarge.6.Tenpounds_(be)notsoheavy.,Likes/like,have,are,Are,is,is,1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：,应该注意的几个问题:,Thiskindofmen_(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind_（be）dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindows_（hang）apicture.,is,are,hangs,3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:,Lotsofdamage(损失)_causedbyfire.(be)Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearthssurface_(be)coveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkershere_women.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”。但是,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：,was,is,are,Anumberofstudents_（have）gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbook_（be）twohundred.,have,is,注意:a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Alargequantityofpeople_（be）neededhere.,is,quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)_（be）onthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。,were,4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:,Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damage_（be）doneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoney_（be）spentonthebridge.,was,were,5.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananas_（be）leftonthetable.,is,6.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeaf,theinjured,thewounded等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：,Theblind_inspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)_awell-knownengineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.,study,was,35,由此我们要注意：1、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:maths,politics,physics以及news等,作主语时,其谓语要用单数。2.glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。3、and连接两个单词做主语时，要看表示的意义来决定谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数。4、anumberof许多,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof的数量,主语是number,谓语用单数。,36,【SUMUP】中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空，词语运用等。做这类题时，一、必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。二、要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。,主谓一致练习,1.NowTomwithhisclassmates_footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying2.Thirtydollars_tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be,3.Ifanybody_,pleaseputdown_name,saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/onesD.wantstohavethebookbought/her4.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft,5.Betweenthetworoads_aTVtowercalledSkyscraperTower.A.standsB.