人教版英语必修五第一单元知识点.ppt

Module5Unit1LanguageLearning,GreatScientists,discover(v.),e.g.ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.Whodiscoveredradium?comp.invent(v.)发明（原先不存在的东西）e.g.Whoinventedthesteamengine?find(v.)发现，发觉，找到e.g.Hefoundagoodwaytosolvetheproblem.Thescientistfounditnecessarytogetamap.Ex.Thescientists_newcoalminesinShanxiprovince.,“发现”（被探索或被揭示的事物早已客观存在）,discovered,thewayofdoingsth.=thewaytodosth.,e.g.她教我们清洗它的方法。Sheshowedusthewayofcleaningit.Sheshowedusthewaytocleanit.“theway”引导定语从句的引导词有三种：that,inwhich,或者省略。e.g.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式。Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourfather.Phrases:顺便说说（俚语）没门，别想迷路在去的路上摸着走，谨慎从事用这种方法,做的方法,bytheway,noway,loseonesway,ononeswayto,feelonesway(to),inthisway,/bythismeans,/withthismethod,Ex.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich,A,putforward,提出（建议等）e.g.他提出一个新的计划。Heputforwardanewplan.推荐某人或自己任职位；提名e.g.我能否提名你当我们的班长？MayIputyournameforwardasourmonitor?Phrases:putawayputdownputupputoffputoutputonputupwith,放好；抛弃,放下；写下来,穿上；上演,延期；推迟,熄灭（灯）；扑灭（火）,挂起；搭起；建造,忍受,Ex.Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease_thebookswhenyouvefinishedwiththem.,putaway,expert,noun专家；行家；能手anexpertinchildpsychology儿童心理学家anexpertonmodrenliterature现在文学研究专家Heisanexpertatgettinghisownway.他在如何达到自己的目的方面很在行adj熟练的，内行的或经验丰富的Sheisexpertatmakingcheap,butstylishclothes.她做便宜而时髦的衣服很在行Theyareallexpertinthisfield.他们都是这个领域的专家。,attend,tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture)出席，参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.togoregularlytoaplacee.g.Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.Howmanypeopleattendthechurcheveryday？tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾；看护e.g.Whichdoctorisattending(on)you?,attend,attendto照顾，招待，处理,Anurseattendstohisneeds.有个护士照顾他.Areyoubeingattendedto?有人接待您吗Couldyouattendto(iedealwith)thismatterimmediately?你能不能立刻处理这件事?,expose,tomakevisible（与to连用）暴露e.g.Dontexposeyourselftothesunfortoolong.Youllgetsunburned.Asasoldierinthewar,shewasexposedtomanydangers.torevealtheguiltorwrongdoingof揭露e.g.Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。,beexposedto暴露于，面临，遭受,e.g.IfyouareexposedtoEnglishreadingandlisteningeveryday,youaresuretomakemuchprogressinit.e.g.Exposedtothedialectoftheminiorityofthelocalplace,hegraduallylearntospeaksomeofit.,deadly,adj.(1)dangerous;likelytocausedeath危险的；致命的一般e.g.adeadlydisease/weapon(2)highlyeffectiveagainststh.orsb.强有力的；致命的e.g.adeadlyremark击中要害的评论(3)aimingtokillordestroy意在杀死的；不共戴天的e.g.adeadlyenemy不共戴天的敌人adv.(1)very极度；非常；十分e.g.deadlyserious十分认真(2)likedeath死一般地e.g.deadlypale死一般苍白die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.),cure,v./n.治愈,治疗Thiskindofmedicinecantcurehimofhisheadache.Hewenttothecityforacureinafamoushospital.,这种药治不了他的头痛。,他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。,v.,n.,科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。,Scientistsaresearchingforamethodtocurebirdflu.,是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Iwillthinkofthethingsthathappenedbetweenus.每次见到他，我就会想起发生在我们之间的事情。Everytime/EachtimeIseehim,heisalwaysbusywriting.ThefirsttimeIwentabroadIcouldhardlyunderstandwhattheforeignerssaid.BythetimeIgothomefromwork,mymumhadalreadygotsupperready.,everytime(eachtime,nexttime,lasttime，thefirsttime,thelasttime,bythetime),immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等，都可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”e.g.IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.IrecogniedherthemomentIsawher.,challenge,facethechallenge面对挑战challengesbtosth/challengesbtodo向某人挑战WhenIsaidIwasfaster,shechallengedmetoarace.当我说我比她跑的快时，她向我挑战（要比个高低）Hechallengedmetoplaychess.他向我挑战下象棋。,control,v.tohavepowerover,rule,direct统治，控制e.g.Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.Hecannotcontrolhisanger.n.控制，统治，掌握(1)losecontrolof/be(go)outofcontrol失去控制e.g.Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.Thecarwasoutofcontrolandranintoawall.(2)incontrolof控制e.g.Mr.Brownisincontrolofthemoney.(3)underthecontrolof被控制e.g.ThemoneyisunderthecontrolofMr.Brown.,suggest(v.),tointimateorimply暗示；间接表明e.g.Itsuggeststhatyoudidnotcatchthe8oclocktrainbutthe8:25train.事实表明你没有乘坐八点的火车而是八点二十五的火车。toofferforconsiderationoraction建议（接that从句时常用虚拟语气）e.g.Isuggestedthatthey(should)travelbytrain.suggestdoingsth.advisedoingsth./advisesb.todosth.,absorb(v.),totakeorsuckin吸收e.g.Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。totakein(knowledge,ideas)专心于，吸取e.g.Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。IwassointerestedinthesenewideasthatIabsorbedthemwithoutthinking.我对这些新观念非常感兴趣，甚至于不求甚解地吸收了。,suspect怀疑,Shewasfounddeadinherdepartment,andthepolicesuspectmurder.Theysaidtheproblemwasintheengine,whichwasjustwhatIhadsuspected.suspectsbof.怀疑某人有罪，认为某人有.嫌疑e.g.Theysuspecthimofmurder/ofgivingfalseevidence.Shewassuspectedofbeingaspy.,severe(adj.),soserious;sobad严厉的；严格的e.g.Ithinkyouaretoosevereontheboy.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.他的严厉表情使我恐慌。veryharmfulorpainful;seriousoruncomfortable（疼痛）剧烈的e.g.SARS-severeacuterespiratorysyndrome严重的、急性的呼吸道综合病Hehasaseverepaininhisleg.beseverewith=bestrictwith对要求严格e.g.Heisseverewithhimself.severely(adv.)严格地,(vt.)责怪；把归咎于blamesb.forsth./doingsth.blamesth.onsb.e.g.Shewasblamedforthemistake.betoblame（固定搭配）应受到谴责；该怨e.g.Thechildrenwerenottoblame.Iamtoblame.(n.)过失；责备；埋怨put/laytheblameon怪在身上taketheblame承担责任e.g.Everyoneput/laidtheblameforthatonme.Thecardrivertooktheblamefortheaccident.,blame,lookinto,examine;investigate调查，了解，研究e.g.Thepolicearelookingintoalltherecordsoftheman.警察正在查阅那个人的所有档案。Illlookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittlepatience.我将尽快调查这件事情，耐心点。lookattheinsideof朝里面看（与onesface/eyes等连用，表示“注视”）e.g.Helooksintoherfacewithgreatinterest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。,handle,todealwithorcontrolasituation,aperson,anareaofworkorastrongemotion处理、控制、管理（局势、人、工作或感情）e.g.Amanwasapppointedtohandlethecrisis.新指派一个人来处理这场危机Wecanhandleupto500callsanhouratournewoffices.我们的新办公室每小时可以处理500个电话。tocontrolavehicle,ananimal,atool,etce.g.IwasntsurewhetherIcanhandlesuchapowerfulcar.Sheisadifficulthorsetohandle.,linkto,把与连接；联系e.g.Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecrime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。Thevideocamerasarelinkedtoapowerfulcomputer.Thepaywillbelinkedtotheinflationrate.将工资的增长与通货膨胀率的上升挂钩。link(v.):tobejoined（常与together,to,with连用）连接e.g.Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.,Shehaditdeliveredtoherhomeeveryday.她每天派人把水送到家里来。句中haditdelivered是“have+宾语+宾补”结构，意为“让别人做.使某物遭受.使某事被.,其中宾补由过去分词充当e.g.Whenwillyouhaveyourhomeworkhandedin?Hehadhislegbrokenwhileplayingbasketball.Ihadthedoorpaintedthismorning.在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构还可以这样构成：havesbdo(makesbdo/letsbdo/getsbtodo)让某人做某事;havesbdoing让某人一直做；容忍，允许,announce(v.),tomakeknownpublicly发表、告知、宣布e.g.Thegovernmentannounceditsneweconomicpolicies.政府发布了新的经济政策。ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.这则消息经由电视向大众宣布了。tostateinaloudvoice(thenameofapersonorthingonarrival,asofpeopleatapartyoraircraftatanairport)宣布（客人、飞机等的到达）e.g.HisservantannouncedMrandMrsWhite.tomakeclearlyknown（事情）显示；预告e.g.Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.,instruct(v.),toprovidewithknowledge,especiallyinamethodicalway教；教授e.g.Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教授一个班的历史。togiveordersto;direct（常与to不定式连用）命令e.g.Ivebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.我得到指示在这儿等到讲课老师来到。Shearrivedat10asinstructed.instruction(n.)指示；指导；指令followsbsinstructions听从某人的指示,conclude(v.),tobringtoanend;close使结束；完毕e.g.toconcludeaspeechToconclude,Iwishyouallgoodhealthandalonglife.最后，祝大家健康长寿。推论；推断出；断定e.g.Thedoctorconcludedthatthepatientsdiseasewascancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症。conclusion(n.)结论；结束drawaconclusion得出结论,contribute(v.),捐助；贡献e.g.AlthoughhehasplentyofmoneyAllandidntcontributetoJanespresentwhenshelefttheoffice.艾伦虽然很有钱，但并没有在珍离职时凑钱买礼物给她。有助于；促进；造成e.g.Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth.多呼吸新鲜空气，有助于身体健康。Toomuchalcoholicdrinkwillcontributetoyourruin.喝酒过度会毁了你。,apartfrom,具有多重意义：既可以表示besides，也可以表示except或exceptfor，还可以表示without。e.g.Apartfromthecost,itwilltakealotoftime.(=besides)Theorphan（孤儿）hadnoonetotakecareofhimapartfromhisuncle.(=except)Hehasdonegoodwork,apartfromafewslightfaults.(=exceptfor)Therecanbenoknowledgeapartfrompractice.(=without)实践出真知。,strict(adj.),bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格e.g.Theyareverystrictwiththeirchildren.Heisalwaysstrictwithhim