中考英语汉译英专题讲解与练习

谈中考英语句型转换完成句子一般是指根据所给汉语完成句子。这类题型主要检测学生的语言基础和对语法知识的掌握，如时态、语态、主从复合句等，特别应注意固定短语及常用的习惯搭配的积累，还要注意区别英汉表达上的差异，两种语言在句型结构、词语对应上的不同之处。答题时，要判断所给句子该译成简单句、并列句还是复合句，并灵活运用英语句型结构；要考虑使用什么时态、语态；要注意用法表达的准确性，选准单词，才能使译句表达得清楚、准确。当然，还要注意书写干净、工整，有一个好的卷面。完成句子题型通常有4种形式：（1）根据所给的汉语完成英语句子，每空字数不限；（2）根据括号里的汉语提示，完成英语句子，每空字数不限；（3）根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词；（4）根据中文写出相应的英文，即将整句汉语译成英语。一、根据所给汉语（或根据括号里的汉语提示）完成句子，每空字数不限 这两类考题相对容易一些。由于不受字数的限制，一旦遇到不会表达的单词或短语，可以绕开，在不影响基本意思的前提下使用同义词语、同义句型或同义表达方式。 【真题引导1】 根据所给的汉语完成下列句子，每空字数不限。 1. 李平昨晚花了半小时做功课。 _Li Ping _ his homework last night. 2. 向右转，你就会看到一间绿树环绕的屋子。 _ and youll see a house_ . 3. 天色渐晚，我想我们该回家了。 Its _, so I think its time _. 4. 我们怎样才能与邻里和睦相处呢？ How _our neighbors? 5. 那所新学校美丽得像个大花园。 That new school is _ that it _. 6. 我们确信润扬大桥将有助于扬州更快发展。 We _ the Runyang Bridge will _. Keys： 1.本题要用表示“花费时间做某事”的句型，由于原英语句子已将动作执行者位于句中，就应考虑it takes结构；“半个小时”和“做功课”可用多样表达式。答案：It took, half an hour/thirty minutes，to do/finish。 2.解本题时，首先应考虑到该题要用祈使句句型。表示“转向”给考生较大灵活性，所以该题答案也较灵活。答案：Turn right/Take the right turning/Turn to the right, with / which has green trees around it。 3.“天黑”可以用dark, 也可用late， “该做某事的时候了”用it is time to do sth.。答案： getting dark/late, (for us) to go home。 4.本题考查get on/along well with这一短语的用法。答案：can we get on/ along well with。 5.本题考查so.that.句型，that从句中少谓语，可用is或looks +like来表达汉语的意思“像”。答案：so beautiful, is/looks like a big garden。 6.确信要用be sure句型，help sb. to do中的to可以省去。答案：are sure, help Yangzhou /（to）develop more quickly。 【真题引导2】 根据括号里的汉语提示，完成下列英语句子，每空字数不限。 1. These new cars are _ (中国制造). 2. To drink more water every day is _ (对你有好处). 3. The picture is beautiful, _ (让我看看). 4. _ (在他的帮助下), Ive made greatprogress in English. 5 .He asks me _ (我是否有空). Keys： 1. “在某地制造”要用be made in，句中已有is，做题时不要再写出is。答案：made in China。 2. 考查“对有好处”这一短语。答案：good for you。3. 本题所答内容虽不在句首，但应判断出是let构成的祈使句型，“看看”表达就可以用多种表达式。答案：let me have a look(at it)/let me look at it。 4. 考查“在某人的帮助下”这一短语。答案：With his help。 5. “有空”用所学的两种表示法都可以。答案：if I amfree/if I have time。 【巩固训练】 A）根据所给的汉语完成下列句子，每空字数不限。 1. 中国政府正忙于为2008年北京奥运会做准备。 The Chinese government _getting ready for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 2. 他的梦想就是长大后像杨利伟一样当一名宇航员。 His dream is to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei when he _. 3. 你应该学会如何与老师和同学相处。 You should learn how to _withyour teachers and schoolmates. 4. 学校里所有的教室与实验室都必须保持干净和整洁。 All the classrooms and labs in the school must _ clean and tidy. 5. 你得努力学习，否则你将落后于其他同学。 Study hard,_your classmates. 6. 不久我们会再次见面的。 It _ we see each other again. 7. 只有麦克回答了那个问题。 _ answered the question. 8. 他说得太快了，别人听不懂。 He spoke _ others understood. 9. 不要阻止孩子们尝试他们的新想法。 Dont stop the children _. 10. 你还有别的什么忘在家里了吗？ Do you have anything _? 11. 孩子们将那猴子团团围住，然后抓住它送到了动物园。 The children _the monkey,_ and sent to the zoo. 12. 你最好在他改变主意之前把机票费帮他付了。 Youd better _ the air ticket for him before he _. 13. 图书馆仅这个月就借给学生两千多本书。 Only this _, the library has lent over_ to the students. 14. 自从我们上次见面以后，已经有10个多月了。 It has been _ we met last. 15. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生们把她当作自己的母亲。 Mrs Bruce was _ her students so that they _their mother. B）根据括号里的汉语提示，完成下列英语句子，每空字数不限。 16. Its a pity that the boy_.（再也没有苏醒过来） 17. Han Mei preferred to wait for another hour _(也不叫醒她母亲)because her mother was too tired. 18. The childrens knowledge of the world around them is growing _（不断增加）. 19. We should _（尽最大努力）to catch up with the developed countries as soon as possible. 20. English _（不是第一语言）the first language in these countries. 21. The students should _（上交）the exercise books on time. 22. Rice should be harvested _.（在恰当的时候） 23._（用这种方式）,we can solve the problem. 24. _ you eat, _ you are.（越多越胖） 25. We hurried to the hospital as quickly _.（尽可能） 26. He is _（满意）his new job. 27. This is the mobile _. （我爸妈两天前给我买的） 28. It is the most exciting match _.（我所看过的） 29. _ shall we _（如何处理）these old newspapers? 30. What do you think is _ ?（最不舒服的旅游方式） Keys: A) 1. is busy2. grows up 3. get on / along 4. be kept5. or you will fall behind 6. wont be long before7. Nobody only Mike 8.too fast to make9. trying out their new ideas 10. else left at home 11. crowded around, then it was caught 12. pay for, changes his mind 13. month alone, two thousand books 14. more than/over ten months since 15. so kind to, regarded her as B) 16. no longer came back(has never come back) to himself. 17. rather than wake up her mother 18. all the time 19. try our best 20. is not used as 21. hand in22. at the right time23. In this way 24. The more, the fatter25. as we can 26. pleased with 27. that my parents bought for me two days ago 28. I have seen 29. How, deal with 30. the most uncomfortable traveling way 二、根据汉语完成句子 这类考题是最为常见的，而且难度中等。给出完整的汉语句子和不完整的英语句子，基本上要按照命题者所要求填写的词语答题。 【真题引导】 根据汉语完成下列各句。 1. 足够的睡眠对你的健康有好处。 Enough sleeping, it _ your health. 2. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。 It will _ the workers over a year _the fly-over. 3. 外面正在下大雨，你最好待在家里。 Its raining heavily outside. Youd _ at home. 4. 虽然林肯家很穷，但是他妈妈仍然给他买了很多书。 Lincolns mother _ a lot of books for him， _ his family was poor. Keys： 1. 我们应该熟记短语“对有益”用be good for。答案：is good for。2.“花费某人多长时间做某事”用 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”。答案：take, to build。 3.“最好做某事”用 “had better do sth.”。答案：better stay。 4. 在句中要使用转折连词though / although。答案：bought, though / although。 【巩固训练】 根据中文意思完成下列句子。 1. 我每天早上6：30起床。 I _ at 6:30 every morning . 2.艾丽斯擅长跳舞。她将来想当个舞蹈家。 Alice is _ dancing . She wants to be a dancer in the future . 3. 学校规定上课不许迟到。 The school rule says , Dont _ class. 4. 王楠是世界上最优秀的运动员之一。 Wang Nan is _ the best _ in the world. 5. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。 When the football fans saw Beckham, they got_ excited _ they cried out. 6. 尽管困难重重，登山队员们还是成功地到达了山顶。 _ all the difficulties, the climbers reached the top of the mountain successfully. 7. 太晚了，你该睡觉了。 Its too late. Its time for you to _. 8. 多做练习，这对你的学习有好处。 Do more exercises. It _ your study. 9. 做这些作业将花费他两个小时的时间。 It will _ him two hours_ the homework. 10. 外面正在下大雪，你最好多穿点。 Its snowing heavily outside . Youd _ more clothes. 11. 弗兰克在业余时间去钓鱼或者去划船。 Frank goes _ fishing _ boating in his spare time . 12. 虽然他没多少钱，但还是给她买了礼物。 He _gift for her， _ he was no much money. 13. 喝杯咖啡怎么样？_ drinking a cup of coffee? 14. 你最好脱掉你的外套。 Youd better _ your overcoat. 15. 格林一家经常坐飞机去旅游。 The Greens often travel _ . 16. 她很虚弱，经常感冒。 She is very weak and she often _ . 17. 请问，去火车站怎么走? _ me, how can I _ to the railway station? 18. 天气如此寒冷，以至于我们都呆在家里。 It _cold _we_ stayed at home. 19. 请你告诉我怎样去邮局，好吗? Could you tell me_ to the post office,please? 20. 你最好不要在早饭时间去看他。 You_ to see him at breakfast time. 21. 这所学校8点过10分上课。 _ at _ eight in this school. 22. 在中国大多数地区，春天通常从2月开始，持续到4月。 In much of China, spring usually _ February and _ on to April. 23. 你去过香港吗? Have you ever _ Hong Kong? 24. 李枚明年16岁了。 Li Mei will be sixteen years old _ . 25. 她激动得一句话也说不出来。 She was _excited _say a word. 26. 为什么不看看中央电视台的新闻呢? _you watch CCTV news? 27. 嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。 Its not polite to _ those people in trouble. 28. 学英语最好的方法是尽可能多说。 The best way to learn English is to speak it_. 29. 医生告诉我这种药一天服3次。 The doctor told me _ take this medicine three _ a day. 30. 足球赛正在进行。同学们迫不及待地打开电视机观看。 The football game is going on. The students_ to turn on the TV and watch it. Keys: 1. get up 2. good at 3. be late for 4. one of , players 5. so, that 6. In spite of 7. go to bed 8. is good for 9. take, to finish 10. better wear 11. either, or 12. bought, though / although 13.How about 14. take off15. by plane/air16. catch cold 17. Excuse, get 18. was so, that; all 19. how to get 20. had better not go 21. Classes begin, ten past 22. starts in, goes23. beento 24. next year 25. too, to 26. Why dont27.laugh at28.as much as possible 29. to, times 30. cant wait 三、根据汉语翻译句子 这类题型是给出完整的汉语句子，要求写出完整的英语句子。做题时，有充分的发挥余地，但也有一定的难度。 【真题引导】 根据中文写出相应的英文。 1.在网页顶端，打上网址。 _ 2.当走到收银台时，我才发现我把钱包忘家里了。 _ 3.请告诉我那是不是一辆快车。 _ 4.无论冬夏，海南岛都是个值得去的地方。 _ 5.我有一个大眼睛的漂亮妹妹。 _ Keys： 1.At the top of the page, type in the website. 2.When I got to the check-out, I realized I had left my purse at home. 3.Please tell me whether its a fast train. 4.Hainan Island is th