高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题.ppt

英语专题,StrategiesforQuestionsofDetails英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题),推理判断题,猜测词义题,阅读四大题型,事实细节题,主旨大意题,高考英语阅读理解题考查方式,是非题年代与数字考点Wh-题(who,what,when,where,why,how),高考阅读考查细节理解题：,1、细节题的题干分析,2、细节题解题方法,教学内容,分析往年试卷卷的阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？60.HowdidPercivalfeelduringhismeetingwithLaura?(12)50.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?(08)63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?(12)57.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?(08)72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?(09),事件,人物,方式,时间,因果,In1988,TanniwenttoherfirstParalympicGamesinSeoul.Shewonbronzeinthe400metres.Evengreatersuccessfollowedatthe1992Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanniwongoldinthe100,200,400and800metresrelay,settingtwoworldrecordsintheprocess.,时间,57.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?A.In1984.B.In1988.C.In1992.D.In2007,事实细节题考查的六大信息,事实细节题干常用when,where,who,why,what和how等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即_、_、_、_、_和_。,时间地点人物原因事件方式,Ssummary题干分析,1.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正）3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（三正一误）4Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.5.,常见设题方式：,题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。,设题特点：,Notlongago.Mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdietnottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.,原因,72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth,_,_,同义词,三大法宝：顺序原则,二、细节理解解题方法,定位词,排除法,(一)、把握解题的顺序原则,Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly,Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.Certainmicroorganisms(微生物)causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease(释放)poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepaid.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseinclude,51题答案,5253题答案,53题答案,53题答案,certainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmallMicroorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesandinwarmtemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdittyhandsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces.Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostopmicroorganismsfromgnawing.Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillanydangerousmicroorganisms.Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit.Finally,peopleshouldnoteatraidmushroomsorotherfoodsthatgrowinthewild.Someofthesefoodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans.Inaddition,sometypesoffishcanbepoisonous.Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestinganddrinkingextrawater.Ifpeopleeatnaturalpoisons,theymustgotothehospitalrightawaytohavetheirstomachsemptied.,(一)、把握解题的顺序原则,54题答案,二、通过定位词寻找出题点,定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。,1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词,2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词,3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等,(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidntthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.TuesdaysDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofwateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.,二、通过定位词寻找出题点,Q:WhodivedafterDuretintotherivertosavethelittlegirl?A.DavidAndersonB.Apasser-byC.HisgirlfriendD.Ataxidriver,技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中的位置。,1wh-细节题,定位词的转换形式：,a.同义改写,WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.,sick,WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,IwasashamedofmymothersChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthorsmotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.,ButthekeyissueisreallymoneyChinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion68Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis_AtechnicalissuesBsafetyofthesystemCfinancialproblemsDmaintenanceofrailwaytracks,b.转变词性与结构:,ConfuciussuggestedRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomepotentialthanothers,arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedonindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下层的)classes.66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?A.FamilyB.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community,Brownieturnedouttobemorethanjustourfamilypet,shewenteverywherewithus.Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether.Ofcourseshedletanyonepether.Shewasjustthemostlovabledog.Thereweremanytimeswhenwedbeoutwalkingandasmallchildwouldcomeoverandpullpmherhair.sheneverbarked(吠)ortriedtogetaway.Funnythingisshewouldsmile.Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth.Farfromthetruth,shelovelyeveryone.44.SomepeoplegotfrightenedbyBrowniewhenshe_.A.smiledB.barkedC.rushedtothemD.triedtobefunny,(三)、排除法,（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。【2010江苏】68.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis.A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystemC.financialproblemsD.maintenanceofrailwaytracks,a张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。,（2）错误选项的特征,Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeoplesoccupations.ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carterapersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potterapersonwhomadepotsandpans.57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_.A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetalsC.madekitchentoolsorcontainsD.builthousesandfurniture,48.WhatdoweknowaboutJarolimfromthetext?ASheissuccessfulinherjobBShefindsherlifefullofstressesCShespendshalfofhertimetravelingDSheisespeciallyinterestedinmuseums,b.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。,Readingmaterial2Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.,2是非题,QWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.,Passage2技巧：排除法,以偏概全,三正一误,Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.,Readingmaterial3Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows,练习题,Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275,Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.,文章,【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275,3计算题,根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出C符合图表内容。,4图表题,Backinthefifteenthcentury,inatinyvillagenearNuremberg,livedafamilywitheighteenchildrenInspiteofthehopelesscondition,twoofthechildren,AlbrechtDurerandAlbert,hadadreamTheybothwantedtopursuetheirtalentforartAftermanylongdiscussions,thetwoboysfinallyworkedoutanagreementTheywouldtossacoinTheloserwouldgodownintothenearbyminesand,withhisearnings,supporthisbrotherwhoattendedtheacademyThen,whenthatbrotherwhowonthetosscompletedhisstudies,infouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherattheacademyTossingacoin,AlbrechtDurerwonandwentofftoNurembergAlbertwentdownintothedangerousminesand,forthenextfouryears,supportedhisbrother,whoseworkattheacademywasalmostanimmediatesensation（轰动）Bythetimehegraduated,hehadearnedconsiderablefeesforhisoutstandingworksWhentheyoungartistreturnedtohisvillage,theDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnertocelebratelbrechtstriumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrechtdrankatoasttohisbelovedbrotherfortheyearsofsacrificethathadenabledhimtocompletehisdream“Andnow,Albert,blessedbrotherofmine,nowitisyourturnNowyoucangotoNurembergtolookforyourdream,andIwilltakecareofyou”ToshowthankstoAlbertforallthathehadsacrificed,AlbrechtDurerpainstakinglydrewhisbrothersinjuredhandswithpalmstogetherandthinfingersstretchedskywardHecalledhispowerfuldrawingsimply“Hands”,buttheentireworldalmostimmediatelyopenedtheirheartstohisgreatmasterpieceandrenamedit“ThePrayingHands”,Readingmaterial4,Q1Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofthestory？aAlbrechtwenttoNurembergbAlbertsupportedhisbrothercTheDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnerdAlbrechtdrewhisbrothersinjuredhandseThebrotherstossedacoinAb,a,c,d,eBa,e,c,d,bCe,a,c,b,dDe,a,b,c,d,_,_,解题思路：先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案,5排序题,细节题类型,1wh细节题,2是非题,3计算题,4图表题,5排序题,6其它题,summary,有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,completely,definitely等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。,注意“陷阱”：,_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符,干扰项的特点与概括:,(事实细节题的考点),正误并存,扩大(缩小)范围,偷换概念,以偏概全,无中生有,_信息部分正确，部分错误,_是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节,_符合常识，但不是文章的内容,_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动,_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容,答非所问,&Practicemakesperfect!,Nowayintheworldisthebestbutyours.,2012年C篇Finally,acellphoneThats.aphoneWithratesaslowas$3.75perweek!“Well,Ifinallydidit.Ifinallydecidedtoenterthedigitalageandgetacellphone.Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.ButwhenIwenttothecellphonestore,Ialmostchangedmymind.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersandaglobal-positioningsomethingorotherthatssupposedtospotmefromspace.Goodness,allIwanttodoistobeabletotalktomygrandkids!Thepeopleatthestorewerentmuchhelp.Theycouldntunderstandwhysomeonewouldntwantaphonethesizeofapostagestamp.Andtherateplans!Theywereconfusing,andexpensive.andthecontract(合同）lastedfortwoyears!IdalmostgivenupuntilafriendtoldmeabouthernewJitterbugphone.Now,Ihavetheconvenienceandsafetyofbeingabouttostayintouch-withaphoneIcanactuallyuse.”FriendlyReturnPolicy30days30daysCallnowandreceiveaFREEgiftwhenyouorder.TryJitterbugfor30daysandifyoudontloveit,justreturnit!Whywait,theJitterbugcomesreadytouserightoutofthebox.IfyouarentashappywithitasIam,youcanreturnitandgetyourmoneyback.Callnow,theJitterbugproductexpertsarereadytoansweryourquestions.Call1-888-809-.,2012福建高考卷A篇短文长度：398个词。本文作者以自己的亲身经历引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、资费标准及购买方式，实质上本文是一则广告。,63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.,2012年福建高考题阅读C篇,事件,计算,细节事实,63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway.B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonealespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.,2012年福建高考题阅读A篇,Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.,答非所问,偷换概念,答非所问,64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.A.$3.75B.$4.99C.$14.99D.$19.99,2012年福建高考题阅读C篇,19.994,65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.A.itsdiscountpricewithafreegiftB.itsreasonablerateplanswithoutacontractC.its“global-positioning”systemwith911accessD.itsgoodcustomerserviceallovertheworld,2012年福建高考题阅读C篇,原文定位,细节分析,正误并存,AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand一andnocontracttosign(签订）！,_,选项,Intermsoftheanswers,1正误并存2扩大缩小范围3偷换概念4以偏概全5无中生有6答非所问,细节理解,summary,1，比较处常考2，因果关系处常考3，转折处常考4，引言处常考5，列举处常考,常考查位置：,事实细节题解题技巧1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项,summary,4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.,Practicemakesperfect!,Mayyousucceedinyourstudies!,Thankyou!,B篇Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.However,itwasntallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachotherslanguage.ItisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalkDog,anddogscanlearnhowtotalkCat.Whatsinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachothersbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachotherspresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceoftheresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpetstopeoplewhodontgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.,32.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen_.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.they