罗非鱼解剖PPT课件

.,1,TilapiaExternalandInternalAnatomy,March11,2014,.,2,OBJECTIVE:,Tilapia;Dissectingequipment(scissors,forceps,dissectingpan,etc.);Ruler.,Tobecomefamiliarwiththegrossanatomicalstructuresoftilapia.,SUPPLIES:,.,3,HeadTrunkTail,PROCEDURE:PART1:EXTERNALANATOMY,BodyshapeStreamlined,orfusiform,reducingthedragBodyregionsHead,Trunk,andTail,.,4,ExternalAnatomy,.,5,ScalescycloidscalesThinOvalOverlappingUsedforspeedReducefrictionContaingrowthrings(circuli),.,6,FinsUsedtomaintainposition,move,steer,andstop.Composedoffinrays(providesupport),UnpairedFinsDorsalkeepfishuprightAnalkeepfishuprightCaudal(tail)thrustsfishthroughthewaterandassistsinsteeringPairedFinsPectoralbehindthegills(actasbrakes;sidetosidemotion)Pelvic-belowandbehindthepectoralfins(upanddownmotion),.,7,GillsTakeinoxygenandgiveoffcarbondioxideOperculahardplatethatcoversthegills,Gillarches4archesintilapiaGillrakersstrainunwantedparticlesfromthewaterGillfilaments-wheregasexchangetakesplace,.,8,LateralLineallowsfishtosensechangeinwaterpressureAllowsfishtosensemovementinwaterAvoidobjectsintheirpathSensechemicalsinthewater(attractingamate),LateralLine,.,9,MouthUsedinplaceofhandstofeelobjects,NaresNasalopeningsinthesnoutContainsmellreceptorsSenseofsmell,.,10,EyesEyesareonthesidesoftheirheadsNoeyelidsThickcorneaLargepupilswhichallowlighttoenterRetinashavebothrodsandcones(canseeindimlightandcolor),.,11,Theshapesoftilapiagenitalpapilla,.,12,Maletilapia,Femaletilapia,Genitalpapilla,Anus,Ureter,Anus,Oviduct,Vasdeferensandureter,.,13,PART2:INTERNALANATOMY,CirculatorysystemHeart,ReproductivesystemGonad,UrinarysystemKidney,Digestivesystem,RespiratorysystemGills,LiverGallbladderIntestine,ImmunesystemSpleech,.,14,Thecoelomoftilapiaisdividedinto3cavitiesbymembranes.,.,15,INTERNALANATOMY,.,16,Dissectingprocedure,Liethetilapiaonrightside,andcutthebodywallfromthefrontoftheanusforwardandtothedorsal,.,17,Thencutthebodywallforwardacrossofthepectoralfin,.,18,Behindtheoperculum,cutthebodywallfromtheventraltothedorsal,getridofthebodywall,thentheinternalorganswillbedisplayed.,.,19,CirculatorysystemHeart,HeartDarkredorgan,locatedinthethoraciccavityandbelowthegills,whichhasonecardiacatriumandonecardiacventricle.,pericardialcavity,.,20,ReproductivesystemGonad,longcylindricalpairedorgansthatandhangfromthedorsalaspectoftheperitonealcavity.Inmaturefishoocytesareusuallyvisibleintheovary.Thetestesarewhite,andtheovariesareslightlyyellow.,.,21,UrinarysystemKidney,KidneyThekidneyisabovetheswimbladderandveryclosetothespine.Usuallyverydarkredincolor.,.,22,Digestivesystem,Liverbehindtheheart,browncolor,Intilapiaonelobeoftheliverextendsposteriorlyalongtheintestinealmosttotheanusofthefish.,.,23,GallbladderUnderthelobesoftheliverforasmallfluid-filledsack,darkgreencolor.Notallfishhavegallbladders!,.,24,Intestinetube-shapedandconnectionstotheanusandstomach.Carnivoreshavelargestomachandshortintestineswhileherbivoreshavelittle(orno!)stomachandverylongintestines.,.,25,Intestineabout5to7timesofthefishbodylength,Darkperitoneum,.,26,Spleechundertheswimbladder,darkredcolor,Flattenedovalinshape.,ImmunesystemSpleech,.,27,RespiratorysystemGills,GillsGillrakers,gillarchandgillfilaments,.,28,SwimbladderTheswimbladderislocatedabovetheperitoneum(retroperitoneal)andbelowth