译林版英语八年级上册

译林版英语八年级上册 知识点归纳 1.something to drink/eat 一些喝的/吃的东西 2.数字+more = another +数字eg. three more = another three 3.maybe adv. （副词），意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首 在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，与主语形成系表结构，意为“也许是、可能是”。 maybe和may be可相互转换。 He may be in the office.= Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 You may be right.= Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。 4.an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩a dishonest boy 一个不诚实的男孩 5.keep a secret = keep secrets 保守秘密keep a diary = keep diaries 记日记 6.share my joy 分享我的快乐 7.have problems （复数）(in) doing sth. = have trouble（不可数） (in) doing sth. = have difficulty （不可数）(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 8.believe what he says = believe his words 相信他所说的话 9.tell lies 说谎tell stories 讲故事tell jokes 讲笑话 lie v.动词， 躺 lie -lay-lain n.名词，谎话tell lies 说谎 10. interestedadj.感到有趣的，一般修饰人 interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的，一般修饰物 interesting属外向性质的词，用于指人、事、物的外在影响方面，意为“使（外）人感兴趣的”；interested属内向性质的词，用于指人的内心感受方面，意为“（内心）对?感兴趣的”。试比较： a）That interesting old man came to our school every day.那个有趣的老人天天到我们来。（外在影响） b）An interested foreigner came and visited our school.一位感兴趣的外国人来参观我们。（内心感受） a）This book is interesting to me.这本书在我看来很有趣。（外在影响） b）Im interested in this book. 我对这本书很感兴趣。（内心感受） 课本例句：1)I think good friends should be interesting too. (page7)（外在影响） 2) Max is so interesting. (page8)（外在影响） 11.one of +形容词最高级+名字复数eg. one of my best friends one of the tallest boys 12. has 动词，“长着，”在句中作谓语动词；with 介词，“长着，戴着”，在句中作定语 wear 动词，“穿着，戴着”，在句中作谓语动词；in 介词，“穿着”，在句中作定语 1)动词，长着，做谓语动词 2） 介词，长着，做定语，修饰the girl,不可用has,因为句中已经有谓语动词is 课本例句：Shes a small girl with a ponytail.（page14)（作定语） 13.help sb. (to) do sth, 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 14.be willing to do sth.= be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事；愿意做做事 15.give ones seat on the bus to someone in need 在公交车上给需要的某人让座 16.have a good voice 嗓音甜美 voice 嗓音 sound 声音 noise 噪音 17.want to be 想成为 grow up 长大 18.have a (good) sense of humour = be (very) humorous (很）有幽默感 a sense of .感 19.bored adj. (人）感到无聊的 boring adj.(人、物）令人感到无聊的 feel bored 感到无聊的 a boring football match 一场令人感到无聊的足球赛 20.walk past 走着经过 past 介词 动词+past pass 动词 21.knock . onto the floor 把.撞到地板上 22.say a bad word about sb.说某人的坏话 “众说纷纭” say+说话内容eg.say a bad word about sb； say to oneself 自言自语； speak +语言; 打电话；作演讲 talk with/to sb.; talk about sth. tell sb sth.; tell sb. (not) to do sth.;tell stories/jokes/lies 讲故事/讲笑话/说谎 23.true adj.正确的，真实的truly adv.（副词）truth n. 真相，真理，事实 24.sb.worry about sth./sb. =sb. be worried about sth./sb. 某人担心某事/某人 sth. worry(worries三单/worried过去式) sb.某事让某人担忧 eg. Something worries me.(something 不定代词做主语，谓语动词用三单） 25.look smart in his small round glasses 戴着圆圆的小眼镜让他看起来很神气 sb. look +adj.+in sth. = sth. look +adj.+on sb. 26.be famous to 对于.很出名be famous as 作为.出名 be famous for 因为.很出名 27.make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 28.listen to sb. carefully 认真地听某人讲话 careful adj. 认真的，仔细的 adv.carefully adj. careless 粗心的 adv.carelessly 29.travel around the world 环游世界 30.be kind to sb. 对某人很好be friendly to sb.对某人友好的 31.an artist一名艺术家 32.learn more about 了解更多关于. learn 过去式：learned/ learnt 33.take part in +比赛/活动= join in +比赛/活动 “参加.” join +组织/sb. “加入” join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人做某事 34.be both/ be all （both/all放be动词后） 35.smile v.& n. 微笑 adj. smiling 微笑的smiling eyes wear/have a smile on ones face 面带微笑 36.patient n. 病人 adj.有耐心的 impatient 没有耐心的，急躁的 an impatient teacher 37.make an excellent teacher 成为一名优秀的教师 38.形容词中比较级和最高级需要双写最后一个字母，再加er/est 大（big)热（hot）天,一个穿红（red）衣浑身湿（wet）透的伤感（sad）胖（fat）子想要变得又瘦（thin）又苗条（slim） 39.what be sb。like ?问某人的长相或品格 what do(does) sb. look like?仅询问某人的长相 what do(does) sb. like?问某人喜欢什么 40.luck n. 运气Good luck to you.祝你好运。lucky adj. 幸运的-luckily adv. unlucky adj.不幸的 练习： 一、单项选择 1. Well try our best to do the work with _ money _ people. A. few, littleB, a few, a little C. less, fewer D. fewer, less 2. Now more and more Chinese people are _ enough to buy cars. A. rich B. weak C. poor D. strong 3. What about _ football? A. to playB. play C. playingD. play 4. - Look! This sweater is beautiful. -_. A. Why not try it onB. Why not try on it C. Why not trying it onD. Why not trying on it 5. What will you do if it _ tomorrow? A. rain B. rains C. will rainD. is raining 6. The more , the _. A. good B. bestC. better D. well 7. Max has a good sense _ humor. A. ofB. withC. to D. for 8. Bills mother never goes to bed _ he is back from school. A. until B. as C. since D. if 9. -I think Miss Smith must be in her office. I have some question to ask her. -No, she _ be there. Ive just been there. A. cantB. mustnt C. needntD. wont 10. Usually, Betty _ colorful T-shirts in summer. A. wearsB. is dressed C. is wearing D. dresses 11. -Would you like some more tea? _ , please. A. No moreB. Just a little C. Ive had enoughD. Yes, I would 12. Lets stop _. I know a good restaurant near here. A. to have a meal B. to have a rest C. having a rest D. having a meal 13. -Mum, may I have some cakes? -Sorry, theres _ left in the box. Ill go and buy some for you tonight. A. nothingB. no one C. no D. none 14. I was born in Xuzhou _ 4th May 1964. A. at B. in C. on D. from 15. The weather in Bei _g is colder in winter than _ in Hainan. A. it B. thatC. thisD. one 16. Kate likes to work _ children. A. for B. with C. to D. of 17. His works made us _. A. to laugh B. laugh C. laughingD. laughed 18. Do you _ singing an English song? A. want B. would like C. feel like D. want to 19. I think Kate is better for playing basketball, because She is _ than Jenny. A. shorter B. quieter C. tallerD. fatter 20. My sister is as _ at maths as me. She often gets _ grades. A. well, goodB. better, had C. well, well D. good, good 二、词汇 A根据中文提示完成单词 1. I am _(乐意) to share a room with ma sister . 2. Tom has poor _(视力) because of working on the puter too much at night. 3. He is too _ (紧张的) to answer my questions. 4. I feel really _ (不舒服的) when they talk me . 5. I hope you can give me some _(建议) B.用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Playing football is _ (healthy) than watching TV. 2. It took me _ (little) than a week to finish the work. 3. He tells _ (fun) jokes and always makes me laugh . 4. I will be happy if I can make people_(happy) again. 5. I like her bright , _ (smile) eyes. C.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I want _ (tell) you my friend Betty. 2. Li Lei always make us _ (laugh) . 3. He often _(knock) our books and pens off the desk. 4. My mother is a good cook . She is good at _ (cook). 5. I will go to the park if it _ (not rain) tomorrow. 一、语法专题-形容词和副词的比较级 （一）形容词的比较等级(1)用法讲解 大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更?”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更?”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最?”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最?” 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成 a. 规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变着加 b. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther, further farther, further old older, elder oldest, eldest 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法 比较级前的修饰语 still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years （二）形容词的比较等级(2)常见句型 A=BA+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。一样） He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。 He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。 A B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B（与。不一样） They didn?t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。 I?ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。 A B 或A B A + V + 比较级 + than + B （比。） Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。 Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。 表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/? + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/?） This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。 The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。 表示程度的递增 主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (?越来越?) 主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv.(?越来越?) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。 Our country is being more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。 表示两种情况同时变化 The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + ?，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + ?(?越?越?) The more we get together, the happier we?ll be.=If we get together more, we?ll be happier. 我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。 The harder you study, the better you?ll be at English.= If you study harder, you?ll be better at English. 你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of? (?是最?之 一) Bei _g is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。 主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级 + in/of?(?最?) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。 主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级 + of the two? (?较? 的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。 主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in? (?比任何其他的更?) 主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in?(?比任何的更?) He is taller than any other student in his class.他比班级中其他的学生高。= He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class. 三、祈使句 （一）祈使句用法讲解 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 （2）Be + n./adj. Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！ （3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Let?s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Dont + 动词原形Dont stand up. 别站起来。Dont be careless. 别粗心。 Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 (2) Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。 Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 (3) no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Do shut up! 快住口！ 4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will或won?t。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点： 1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won?t保持一致) 2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。 如：- Don?t go out, please. It?s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 （二）易错点讲解 1、放句首时，要注意Don?t后面要用动词原形； 2、当人称后面有标点符号时，要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。 如：Lucy, don?t be late again.Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late agai