高中英语短文改错解题要领及练习课件.ppt

短文改错语言基础知识类复习及解题要领,ErrorCorrection,一、名词,（一）分清可数名词与不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。（二）熟记可数名词的复数形式变化及常用的不可数名词。（三）注意可数名词在句中的用法，要么在其前加a、an或the，要么用它的复数形式。（四）不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词。（只能修饰可数名词的有few，afew，many，anumberof，只能修饰不可数名词的有little，alittle，much，anamountof，agreatdealof，两者都可修饰的有some，any，alotof，plentyof，aquantityof，massesof）（五）注意固定搭配中的单复数形式。（六）并列结构中单、复数应一致。,Exercises：下列各题均有一处错误，请改正。,1MyparentswantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject2Ionceworkedasnightguardinafactory3Whatabeautifulweatherwearehavingrecently！4Morecattleshavebeenraisedonthatfarmsincethen5Iftherearemuchmorepeopleintheworld，theremustbemorefoodtofeedpeople6Alittleyardsawaystoodanenemywithaguninhishand7NowSusanispayingvisittoHenrysfamilyinSydney8Myhusbandwenttoatailorsshopandhadapairofnewtrousersmade9Pleasegivemybestregardtoyourfamily10Todayifyougoonboardtheshiportheplane，youwillseesignsandnoticethatwillgiveyousomeusefulinformationandwarnings,二、动词,（一）看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，且由动词来担任，所以不能没有谓语或把其它词性看作动词用作谓语，也不能把动词看作其它词性。（二）时态。特别要注意动词的过去式，及过去分词的拼写。（三）语态。英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。须熟记takeplace，happen，occur，breakout，breakforth，fall，rise，die，lie，appear等常见的不及物动词。（四）一致。包括与前面主语人称和数的一致以及几个动词的结构一致。（五）正确选用非谓语动词。（六）不能错用动词。其中有一条是根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为它的反义词，譬如把go，arrive，open，borrow，take，sell依次改成come，leave，close，lend（return），bring（give），buy。（七）注意固定搭配。,1Idliketoyourpenfriend2Didheabsentfromthelastmeeting？3Theblindmanacrossedthestreetwithgreatdifficulty4ItwasfourdayssinceMotherreceivedanoperation5Hernamestandsforthemostwonderfuldancingtheworldhadeverseen6RobertandMaryhavemarriedforafewweeks7Shewasdonethewashingforthefamilywhenheryoungersoncameandaskedforsomesweets8Betweenthetreesstandastranger,9Illspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforthecomingexamination10Hegottotheriver，sittingonthebankandbegantofish11LastSundaymorningMrWanglefthomegofishing12TonightwellhaveapartyPleasecometakingyourmusicalinstruments13ItssocoldhereWouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen？14Theywonusatthefootballgamelastweek15Itwillmakeyougoodtohaveoutdoorexercise,三、形容词和副词,（一）分清形容词和副词，譬如某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。例如：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly，timely等。（二）正确选择形容词或副词，注意两者不同的作用：形容词修饰名词，作定语；置于系动词后，作表语；还常作一些动词的宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及介词，作状语。（三）注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况。譬如：ill，content，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake，worth等表语形容词，它们只作表语，不作前置定语，并有固定的副词来修饰它们。例如：wellcontent，allverymuchalone，soundfastasleep，wideawake，wellworth等。有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词加-ly构成，但它们有不同的含义。例如：closeclosely，freefreely，highhighly，widewidely，deepdeeply，hardhardly，mostmostly等。（四）要分清不同类的“级”，以免混淆。（五）区别修饰各“级”的副词。,1ThefootballmatchwillbebroadcastlivelyonTV2Mostoftheteachersgiveustalksfriendly3Theylaughed，toldjokesabouteachother，andseemedquitecomfortably4Ifwedontcarefulprotectourenvironment，thelastdropofwaterwillbeourowntears5Thisbookisveryworthreadingagain6Canyoumakeitclearlywhatweshoulddonext？7PeopleinArabcountrieslikestandingcloselytooneanotherwhentheyaretalking8Followingthecustomswillhelpmakeyourstayinaforeigncountryveryeasierandmorecomfortable9PeopleheredonotshakehandsasmoreaswedoinChina10Dolphinsareverymuchcleveranimalsasisknowntousall,四、代词,（一）人称代词应注意：（1）不能错用格；（2）上下文单复数一致；（3）上下文阴阳性一致。（二）指示代词应注意：（1）this，that表示单数；these，those表示复数；（2）this，that可作副词用，意思相当于so；（3）such，same多用于固定结构，例如：suchasthat，thesameasthat。（三）关系代词不能跟关系副词混在一起。,（四）熟记常用的不定代词，如one，all，both，either，neither，each，many，much，little，few，other，another，something，anything，nothing等。并注意以下几点：（1）这些词本身不同的词义；（2）若在定语从句中作先行词，关系代词应用that；（3）something，anything，nothing常看作单数，代词用it，修饰它们的形容词应后置。,1Hisbookisquitedifferentfromme2TheDeadSeaisreallyalargelakeItssurfacehasanareaofoveronethousandsquarekilometers3Inordertomakethemselveslookshort-neckedandbig-waisted，theyhavetowrapmanytripsofclotharoundherbodies4LittlechildrenbelievethatFatherChristmascomesdownfromtheNorthPoletoleavepresentstohim5Ifyoulikethisbooks，youcantakethemaway,6ThemistakesmadebytheChinesestudentsarequitedifferentfromthatmadebytheJapanesestudents7Herheartwassetonbeingagreatdancer，andshenevercaredfornothingelse8Suddenlythelettersstartedarrivingtheotherofthemcametoday9Hereceivedmanygifts，thatheplacedaroundtheChristmastrees10Theyaretryingtofindahousethattheycanlive,五、数词,（一）注意hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen，score等词表示确切数和不确切数时的用法。（二）表示哪个世纪，哪个年代以及某人几十几岁时的表达方式。（三）在与基数词构成的复合形容词中，名词用单数。（四）序数词、分数及百分数的正确表示。（五）熟记forty，fifty和ninth，twelfth等容易发生拼写错误的基数词和序数词。,1Therearetwoscoresofsoldiersdrillingontheplayground2Inthe1980s，whenhewasalreadyintheforties，hebegantolearnEnglish3Myneighborisaneighty-years-oldwoman4Hestillwantstotakepartinthecollegeentranceexamination，thoughheisoverseventies5Two-ninethofstudentsinourclassarefromthenorth6Ihavetoldhimhundredoftimes7Morethan90percentworkwasfinishedintime8Therearefourtyboysandtengirlsinourclass,六、连词,连词分从属连词和并列连词，答题时需注意：（一）根据全文逻辑发展顺序正确选择并列连词或从属连词。（二）从属连词如because与so，thoughalthough与but，if与andor等不能同时使用。（三）正确使用并列连词and，or，but和for。1Unlesshesaidhewasnthungry，heatethebigbreakfast2Tomdidntseethefilm，andJohndid3Hehadlittletoeatandalargehousetolivein4Youwillnotfailunlessyouworkharder5Hehadnosoonerarrivedwhenhefellill6Weallfeltifweweregoingtofly7Ifyougostraightalongthisstreet，andyouwillsoonseethecinema8Becausehehadlefthiskeyintheroom，sohehadtousetheladder,七、介词,（一）英语中的介词多为固定搭配，须熟记。特别是要熟记形容词短语、动词短语和介词短语中的介词。（二）有关介词的改错题经常以多用介词或少用介词的形式出现。1Thetailorisveryproudforhissonssuccess2Thebottleisfullwithunknownliquid3Pleasegetmeaticketoftomorrowsfootballmatch4Thesoldiershadnomercytothewarprisoners5Forthesakeofhealth，weshouldtakecareourwaterresourcesandenvironment6Ononemorning，hewenttoacertainlibrarytoreadsomebooks7Thechildrenareplayingunderthesun8TherearestrangesimilaritiesinthelifeofJohnKennedyandthelifeofAbrahamLincoln,八、冠词,（一）a，an，the在单数可数名词前的用法。（二）熟记用或不用冠词的一些特殊情况。