高中英语语法--虚拟语气(教学课件).ppt

TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,Grammar,会昌中学周红莲,英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.,Ifhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,IftheGod_(give)meanotherchance，I_(tell)thegirlthreewords:Iloveher!Ifourlove_(haveto)besetatimelimit,Iwishit_(be)10,000years!,should/weretogive/gave,wouldtell,hadto,wouldbe,Havefun,如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是-一万年!,一、虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法,时态,If从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,did/were,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),haddone,2.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.,IfIhadtime,Iwouldcometoseeyou.,3.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.,(现在),(过去),(将来),if虚拟条件句的倒装:if条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词时,可把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首构成倒装。,Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.,Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.,IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.,HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.,Ifthereshouldnotbesunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifficult.,Shouldtherenotbesunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifficult.,1._Iabird,Icouldflyfreelyinthesky.A.amB.wasC.areD.were,2._itraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputofftonextweek.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.will,3.Whatwouldhavehappened,_asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedB.ifBobshouldwalkC.hadBobwalkedD.ifBobwalked,if条件句中的错综虚拟或混合虚拟：,若主从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospital.,1.Ifyou_himyesterday,you_whattodonow.askedwouldknowB.hadaskedwouldhaveknownC.askedhimknowD.hadaskedwouldknow,2._hisadvice,IwouldntenjoythelovingrelationshipthatInowdowithmyfamily.A.IfIDonottakeB.IfIdidnottakeC.HadInottakenD.ShouldInottake,withoutbutforotherwiseor等构成的含蓄虚拟。(butfor要不是),Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifficult.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.,1.Withouthishelp,I(fail),2.Butforwater,it(be)possibletoliveinthedesert.,wouldhavefailed.,wouldntbe,4.Jackcanthavearrivedyet,otherwisehe_me.A.wouldphonedB.phonedC.wouldhavephonedD.hadphoned,3.Shewasverybusy,otherwiseshe_themeeting.hadcomeB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.came,二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法A.用于宾语从句,wish+宾语从句,现在：过去：将来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(将来),Iwisheverydaymybirthday.,were,2.wouldrather,现在：过去：将来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),过去时(did/were),这些动词接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。,3.表建议、命令、要求、坚持等的动词如：两坚持：insist，urge两命令：order,command四建议：advise,suggest,propose，recommend四要求：demand,require,request,desire,4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。,WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.,2.他坚决要求我到场。,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。,Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,注意：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式用(Should)do,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,B.用于主语从句中Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即谓语用(should)+动词原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.tookB.havetotakeC.musttakeD.take,D,2.Hissuggestionthatyousoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry,A,三.用于asif/though引导的从句,现在：过去：,过去时didwere,过去完成时haddone,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,四.用于定语从句：Its(about/high)time+that,should+V(should不省）,过去时didwere,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,五.用于Ifonly引导的感叹句（用法同wish）IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,QuickReview:,二.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,三.虚拟语气的倒装、错综虚拟和含蓄虚拟,四.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,五.用于asif/though引导的从句,七.用于Ifonly引导的感叹句（用法和wish一样）,六.用于定语从句：Its(about/high)time+that.,一.虚拟语气的定义,Exercise,倒计时,1.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven,2.WangLing,oneofmyfriends,isverygoodatEnglish.HespeaksEnglishasifhe_anEnglishman.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen,3._morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.IfthecaptainwereHadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen,4.IfonlyI_howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknownB