宾语从句_1ppt课件

宾语从句TheObjectClause,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,.,宾语从句的概念：在复合句中放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句,.,宾语从句三要素：,一、引导词二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语）三、时态四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、宾语从句的反意疑问句六、否定转移,.,第一讲：宾语从句的引导词,一、引导词,that从句是陈述句(口语中常省略）if/whether（是否）从句是一般疑问句wh/how(即特殊疑问词)从句是特殊疑问句Weknow（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether;是肯定语气，用that.,一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,.,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmovesaroundthesun,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.,.,If/whether（是否）的区别,一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasntbeendecided.在介词后：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.做主语从句：Whetherheisrightisntimportant.,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?,.,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,1.Heasked_.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked_.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme_.（我该怎么去车站）7.Wouldyoutellme_（为什么火车迟到了）,whocouldanswerthequestion,whomtheyarewaitingfor,whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass,whenwellhaveameeting,whereheis,howIcangettothestation,whythetrainislate,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?,Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?,Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.,Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?,Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?,Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.,CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout_wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether,B,A,B,D,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态,或祈使句（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,第二讲：宾语从句的时态,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.,.,1.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)2.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundthesun.3.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)4.LingFengtoldmehe_toShanghaiseveraltimes.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)6.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,hastaken,hadbeen,rises,did,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,第三讲：宾语从句的语序,例如：Wheredoeshelive?Idontknow.=Idontknowwherehelives.,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?,4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.,5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.,1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?Doyouknow?2.Mr.SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.JimtoldLinTao.,Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?,JimtoldLinTao(that)MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.,3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?Pleasetellme.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterdaysclass.,PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.,Ourteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterdaysclass.,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?,2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.,3.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用if,Couldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?Idontcarewhetherhellstayhereornot.,.,4.否定的转移,当主句的谓语主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等词时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。Idontthinkheisright.附加疑问句（反意疑问句）1.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：Idontthinkheisserious,_?,.,5.标点符号的确定,带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。主句是陈述句:。HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow.问句：？Doyouknowwhenhellbeback?,1.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation2.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,D,4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch_toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcosts6.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings,D,B,D,7.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis8.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina,B,D,.,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.,Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.,Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?,Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.,Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.,Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.,Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.,【例1】WhenIwenttohavethebill,IrealizedIhadmywalletathome.2006北京市A.forgottenB.leftC.hadD.taken,中考典型例题解析,【例3】Doyouknow_Icouldpasstheexam?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which,B,【例2】Couldyoutellme_?2003甘肃省A.whenwillTomcomebackB.whendoesTomcomebackC.whenTomwillcomebackD.whenTomcomesback,C,B,【例4】Doyouknow_duringthecomingsummerholiday?2003北京海淀区A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid,C,【例7】MrKingdidntknow_yesterdayevening.2003吉林省A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome,【例5】Doyouknow_?2003北京市Nextyear.A.whenhecomeB.whendidhecomeC.whenhewillcomeD.whenwillhecome,C,【例6】Couldyoutellus_?2003河南省A.whenyouwillsendthefridgetoourhouseB.whenwillyousendthefridgetoourhouseC.whenyouwouldsendthefridgetoourhouseD.whenwouldyousendthefridgetoourhouse,D,A,.单项选择1.Doyouremember_lasttime?A.whatisyourteachersayingB.whatyourteachersaidC.whatdidyourteachersayD.whatyourteachersays2.Hedidnttellme_.A.howoldhewasB.howoldwasheC.hewashowoldD.howmuchdiditcost3.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_?A.whatswrongwithhimB.whatwrongiswithhimC.whatwaswrongwithhimD.whatwrongwaswithhim,课时训练,(B),(A),(A),4.Excuseme，canyoutellme_?A.doesthetrainleaveB.thetrainhadleftC.thetrainleavesD.didthetrainleave5.Iwonder_.A.wherehaveyougoneB.whereyouhavegoneC.wherehaveyoubeenD.whereyouhavebeen6.Hewantstoknow_America.A.whenwillMr.LileaveforB.whenwillMr.WangstayinC.whywillMr.WangstayinD.whenMr.Wangwillleavefor7.Iwanttoknowif_ameetingtomorrow.A.youhaveB.youwillhaveC.doyouhaveD.willyouhave,(C),(D),(D),(B),8.Idliketoknow_.A.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhasher