初中英语阅读理解之猜词技巧.ppt

阅读技能训练猜测词义Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,AFrenchstudentgoestoLondonforhisholiday.HeknowsalittleEnglish,buthecantspeakitverywell.Onedayhegoestoarestaurant.Hewantstohavesomeeggs,buthecantremembertheEnglishwordfor“egg”.,Helooksaroundandseesapictureofahen.Heshowsthepicturetothewaiter.“Whatdoyoucallherchildren?”heasks.“Chicks,sir.”“Andwhatdoyoucallchicksbeforetheyreborn?”“Eggs,sir.”“Verywell,”saystheFrenchstudent.“Givemetwoeggsandacupoftea,please”.,Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhenreading,whatwillyoudo?,Paynoattentionandcontinuereading.,Lookthemupinthedictionary.,Guessthemeaning.,How?,阅读理解题目的设置方式,理解词句含义型考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验。（1）Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans_.（2）Theunderlinedword“”inthepassagerefersto_.（3）Inthestorytheunderlinedword“”means_.（4）Here“”means_.（5）Theexpression/phrase“”means_.（6）Theword“”iscloseinmeaningto_.,1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Ifsomeathletesusedrugs,itisunfairtotheothers.,一根据构词法猜词,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。,dis+honest,speech+less说不出话的,un+fair,利用构词法进行猜测,根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心)careful(小心的)carefully(小心地);write(写)rewrite(改写)。,un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;,2.根据“合成词”猜测。如school+bagschoolbagdown+stairsdownstairs,不无,错误,再,重复,重新,表方向,表示人,Thewaysofguessingthenewwordsincontext:,1.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.2.Thepurposeofthecampaignwastocatch“ringers”,studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.3.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.,二根据释义猜词,释义常由定语从句或由is,or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,becalled，beknownas等词汇或破折号来表示。,脆的,冒名替考者,日历,三根据同义词关系猜词,Herepliedquickly,butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.2.Yourideasaresonebulousthattheyarenotcleartome.,and,or,suchas,like,forexample,forinstance常连接同义词组。,匆忙的,不清楚的,四根据对比和转折关系,1.Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.2.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.,表转折关系的词常有but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,though等。,小结,热的,恶化,1.Theclockissoaccuratethatitwillneverloseasecondinmorethan200millionyears.2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.,徒劳的，无效的,五根据因果关系猜词,精确的,常用关联词如:because，as，since，for，so，asaresult,so,sothat,suchthat等表示前因后果。,六根据生活常识或经验,1.Intheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesplentyofdowry.2.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.3.Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.,嫁妆,旱灾,爬行,滑行,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,Letstry!,1.Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromt