11-7定语从句笔记.ppt

定语从句语法笔记,无逗号即限,有逗号非限关系所用词（who;whom;whose;which;that）随着先行变(先行：即被从句修饰的指人或物的词是先行词)限定先(行)指人who;whom要当先,that紧跟前eg:Weknowthestudents(who/thatareverynaughtyinourschool).限定先(行)指物which;that两出现eg:Thejacket(which/thatishangingonthewall)ismine.,缺定用whoseeg:Thisisthegirl(whosefamilyisinthenortheast.)缺主用who;thateg:Allarchitectisaperson(who/that)designshouseandbuidings.Which把物接eg:Pleasebringbackthedictionary(which/that)Ilentyoulastweek.缺宾找who;whom;thatwho可把whom替，缺宾关代常省略eg:Thedoctor(who/whom/that)wearetalkingaboutcanspeakFrench.eg:Theperson(whom/who)Ispoketojustnowisourteacher。,若前有介词只许which;whom接，并且不省略。eg:Theteacherforwhomyouarewaitingiscoming.eg:ThisisthebooktowhichIreferredinmytalk.非限先(行)指人who;whom两可兼，that滚一边eg:Hisfather,whomheloveddearly,diedlastyear.eg:Hehasasister,whoworksinShanghaiiscalledLiping.非限先(行)指物which独得天eg:IhavereadthebookATaleofTwoCities,whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDickens.,定从有特殊自有解决点先行表时间用when来当填eg.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout先行表地点where字必须选eg.TheplacewhereImetherwasrailwaystation先行是reason用why合因原eg.Thereasonwhyhedidntgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasverysick.先行way表“方式”置前that/inwhich或不填eg.Thisisthewayheworkedouttheproblem.从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分,定语从句特殊用法归纳,as引导的非限制性定语从句1)位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末；2)先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；3)表“正如、像”，表依据/评论/态度/看法）等；常见结构：asweallknow;asweexpectedaseveryoneknows,aseveryonecanseeasisknowntoall;特殊：限制性定从中先行词被so,such修饰，关代用as,定语从句特殊用法归纳,as引导的非限制性定语从句1)位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末；2)先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；3)表“正如、像”，表依据/评论/态度/看法）等；常见结构：asweallknow;asweexpected;asisreportedaseveryoneknows;aseveryonecanseeasisknowntoall;asisoftenthecase(with)特殊：as在限制性定从中，先行词被so,such,thesame修饰，关代用as,定语从句特殊用法归纳,which引导非限制性定语从句1)只能置于句中或句末（即不可置于句首，只能置于先行词之后）；2)先行词即可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句的部分内容；是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。3)有“这、这一点”等意思，表事实、状态、起因、转折、让步等；,必须用which引导的定语从句,1）用“介which”结构2)用“n./pron./num./adj比较或最高级+prep.+which/whom”结构，表示先行词的一部分eg:Thereare50boyshere,30ofwhomarestudents.3)先行词是独一无二的事物或是专有名词时。4)先行词被物主代词和指示代词修饰时5)在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。6)当关系代词后面有插入语时7)先行词为that时,必须用that引导的定语从句,1）当先行词是all,little,few,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。2)当先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时被修饰词为数词时主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。先行词中同时包括人和物时当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免whowho,whichwhich等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略,修饰人时只用who不用that的情况,1.先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。如：ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudiedhardandworkswell.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的