Table manners餐桌礼仪

.,TableManners,Thespiritofcourteousconductatawesterndinnertable,.,Whatisatablemanner?,Tablemannersareaboutacertainsectionofetiquette.Thistopicincludesanddescribeseverythingofetiquettethatisrelatedtotheproper,polite,courteousconductatadinnertableinagivenculturalenvironment.Inthisdocumentwewilltalkabouttablemannersbythewesternculture.,.,Whatisetiquette?,Etiquetteisthestandardofcourteousconductinsocietyandamongindividualsfromagrouporprofession.,.,Ahistoryofetiquette?,EtiquetteisaFrenchwordmeaninglabelorticket.InFrance,tiquettebegantobeusedtodescribeappropriateconduct.Finally,bythe18thcentury,thosewhospokeEnglishembracedtheworditselfbytheFrenchmeaning.,.,Ahistoryofetiquette?,Sinceforever,etiquetteorthenormofproperconductisformedbyacertainsocietywithinacertainculturalenvironment.,.,Consequencesofhavingetiquette,Duringhistory,peoplewhowereabletobehaveaccordinglyandfollowtherules,couldbeapartofaselectedcompanywithintheirsociety.Thesepeoplecamenormallyfromaristocratic,noblecircles.,.,Consequencesofhavingetiquette,Peoplewhocouldntfollowtherulesofetiquettecameusuallyfrompoorerclasses.Nobodytaughtthemhowtobehaveincertainsituations,northeyneededthisknowledgereally;forexampletheywerenotinvitedtoparticipateinnobleevents.Thereforeintheircourseoflifethesetypeofknowledgewasntimportantatall.,.,Etiquetteinthemodernworld,Althoughwedontliveinthefeudalismanymore,thenormsofnobleconductisinheritedeventoourdays.Alletiquettesaregenerallyacknowledgedassomethinghumanlyvaluable.Followingtheetiquetteisstillveryimportanttopeopleinaristocraticoralsoinbusinesscirclestokeeptheirstatusquo.Otherwise,bytheirinproperbehavior,theywouldbeostracizedfromthegivencommunity.,.,Etiquetteinthemodernworld,Followingthenormsofetiquettesofagivensocietycanbeimportantforall,whowantstoconductherselforhimselfcourteously,becauseeleganceandnoblebehaviorissimplypartsoftheirhumanvalues.,.,Sowhydoweneedtolearnetiquette?,Sincemostpeopleinaristocraticcirclesknowandacceptetiquette,itisourinteresttobeabletoadjusttothenorm.Ifwecantbehaveinaccordancetothecertainevent,wecloseourselvesoutfromthegivencommunity,andmaybeourpersonalorbuisnessgoalscantberealized.Inworstcasewemakeourselvesridiculousbydoingsomethingveryinpoliteinacertainsituation.,.,Andwhydoweneedatableetiquette?,Theknowledgeofhowtobehaveproperly,corteouslyatadiningtableinacertainculturalenvironmentgivesusself-confidence,becausewealreadyknow,howtoconductourselvesinawell-situatedcompany.,.,Formaltablesetting,Inanelegantformalevent,adiningtableisfullofseveralutensils.Foraself-confidentparticipationinthedinner,weneedtolearnthepurposeofeachutensil.,.,.,.,Informaltablesettings,Thereareeventswherecourteousconductisalsoarequirement,howevertheoccasionislessformal.Ontheinformaldinnertablewefindlessutensils,butofcourse,knowingthepurposeofthoseisalsoamust.,.,.,.,Seatingetiquette,Beingconfidentofwheretositwheneverythingissetanditstimefordinnerissomeofthebasicsoftablemanners.Itisveryinpolite,ifwehaveaseatonachairwhichisdesignatedtoanotherparticipantofthedinner.Especiallyifwearetalkingaboutahostoraspecialguest.,.,.,Napkinetiquette,s,.,Napkinetiquette,Indiningetiquettethereareseveralruleshowtohandlethenapkinfromthebeginningofthemealtotheendofit.,.,Napkinetiquette,PlacingthenapkininyourlapPlacethenapkininyourlapimmediatelyuponseating.Ifthereisahostorhostess,waitforhimorhertotaketheirnapkinoffthetableandplaceitinhisorherlap.,.,Napkinetiquette,UnfoldingthenapkinUnfoldyournapkininonesmoothmotionwithoutsnappingorshakingitopen.Thesizedetermineshowyouunfoldanapkininyourlap.Largenapkinsareunfoldedhalfway.Smallernapkinsareunfoldedcompletelyandcoverthelapfully.,.,Napkinetiquette,DonttuckthenapkinDonttuckanapkinintoyourcollar,betweenthebuttonsofyourshirt,orinyourbelt.,.,Napkinetiquette,UsingthenapkinUseyournapkinfrequentlyduringthemealtoblotorpat,notwipeyourlips.Blotyourlipsbeforetakingadrinkofyourbeverage.,.,Napkinetiquette,NapkinringsIfanapkinringispresent,afterremovingyournapkin,placetheringtothetop-leftofthesetting.Attheendofthemeal,graspthenapkininthecenter,pullitthroughthering,andlayitonthetablewiththepointfacingthecenterofthetable.,.,Napkinetiquette,TemporarilyleavingthetableWhenleavingthetabletemporarily,putyournapkinonyourchair.Ifthechairisupholstered,placethenapkinsoiledsideup.,.,Napkinetiquette,PlacingthenapkinattheendofthemealThenapkinislooselyfoldedattheendofthemeal.Ifaplateisinthecenterofyourplacesetting,whenleavingthetablelaythenapkintotheleftoftheplate.Ifthecenterofyourplacesettingisempty,thenapkinislaidinthemiddleoftheplacesetting.Leaveyournapkininloosefoldsthatkeepsoiledpartshidden.,.,Handlingutensils,Therearenumerouswayswecanuseaforkoraknife,butbytableetiquette,notallofthemarecorrect.Inthisdocumentweareintroducingtheso-calledContinentalstyle,becausethisisthemostcommonutensil-handlingstyleinthewesternworld.,.,.,.,Handlingutensils,Holdyourknifeinyourrighthand,aninchortwoabovetheplate.Useyourforktospearandliftfoodtoyourmouth.,.,Handlingutensils,Theoutside-inruleInmostsituations,followingtheoutside-inrulewilltelluswhichknife,fork,orspoontouseatthedinnertable.Bythisrule,useutensilsontheoutsidefirstandworkyourwayinwardwitheachnewcoursethatisserved.,.,.,Handlingutensils,EatingsteakDontsmothersteakwithsteaksauce,especiallywhendininginagoodrestaurant.Ifyouuseasauce,pourasmallpoolnexttothesteakanddipeachforkfulofmeatbeforeeating.,.,Handlingutensils,EatinggrilledmeatsAtaninformalbarbecue,hamburgers,hotdogs,ribs,andpiecesofchickenaremostenjoyedwheneatenwiththefingers.However,certainkindsofmeatarenevereatenwithourfingers.Sausageswithoutbunsareeatenwithaknifeandfork,asarefish,andsteak.,.,Handlingutensils,Thewayyouleaveyourutensilsonyourplatecansendseveralmessagestotheserver.Sendingtherightmessagesbyyoursilverwareisnotonlylogic,butofcourse,partoftheetiquette.,.,.,Beveragesetiquette,Ourbeveragesetiquetteordrinkingetiquettetellsushowtodrinkcourteouslyatawesterndiningtable.,.,Beveragesetiquette,AswesawintheTablesettingschapter,ataformalwesterntablewemeetseveralglasses.Toavoidconfusion,letsgetfamiliarwiththeirshapeandpurpose.,.,Beveragesetiquette,ThreebasicrulesTakeadrinkonlywhenyouhavenofoodinyourmouth.Sipinsteadofgulping.Ifyoureawoman,dontwearsomuchlipstickthatyourdrinkingglasswillbecomesmudged.,.,Beveragesetiquette,DrinkingwaterandiceAvoidtheurgetogulpwateratthetable,nomatterhowthirstyyouare.Whendrinkingabeveragethatcontainsicecubesorcrushedice,dontcrunchtheiceinyourmouth.,.,Beveragesetiquette,DrinkingcoffeeandteaDontleaveyourspooninthecoffeecuporteacupormug;placeitonthesauceroraplate.Donttakeicefromyourwatertocoolahotdrink.Dontdunkdoughnuts,biscotti,oranythingelseinyourcoffeeunlessyoureatanultracasualplacewheredunkingisthenorm.,.,Beveragesetiquette,Afresh-brewedlooseleafteatastesbest.Asecondpotofhotwaterisusedtodiluteoversteepedteaandispoureddirectlyintothecup.Infusingteabags,puttwoorthreebagsinapotofhotwaterandpourtheteawhenithassteeped.,.,Beveragesetiquette,Whattodowithemptypacketsofsugarandindividualcontainersofcream?Crumplethemandplacethemontheedgeofyoursaucerorbutterplate.,.,Winetastingetiquette,Onceitispouredintotheproperglass,itstimetoevaluateandenjoythewine.Knowinghowtotastewinebytheetiquette,testifiesweareproficientinwesternculture.Evaluatingwineinvolvesfourbasicstepslooking,swirling,smelling,andtasting.,.,.,.,.,Toast