定语从句讲座课件.ppt

TheAttributiveClause,定语从句,WhichbabyisJack?,穿蓝裤子的baby是Jack。,ThebabyisJack.,ThebabyisJack.,whosetrousersarebule,whoiswearingbuletrousers,Jack,Whichhouseismine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,Thehouseismine.,whoseroofisbrown,Myhouse,TheAttributiveClause（定语从句）,1.在复句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。2.定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词叫先行词。3.引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为：关系代词和关系副词）。Eg：Theletter（thatIreceivedyesterday）ismissing.先行词关系代词（定语从句）,找出下列复合句中的定语从句、先行词、关系词，并说明关系词在从句中所担当的成分，再写出主句。主语eg：Theletter（thatIreceivedyesterday）ismissing.先行词关系代词（定语从句）主句:Theletterismissing.1.Thestudentswhodontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.,作主语1.Thestudents(whodontstudyhard)willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam.主句:,Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.,2.ThewomanwhoyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.主句:,2.Thewoman(whoyousawinthepark)isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:,ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.,从句的主语：,you,Who在从句的作宾语：,3.Ashoeshopisashopwhichsellsshoes.,4.Thebookthatyouwantisonthedesk.,3.Ashoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句：,Ashoeshopisashop.,从句的主语:,which,4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：,Thebookisonthedesk.,you,that,(定语从句),关系词,关系词也叫引导词，可分为两类：关系代词和关系副词。注意：关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系的作用，并在定语从句中做一定的成分。,1.关系代词:who、whom、that、which、whose.在定语从句中作主语或宾语。,2.关系副词：when、where、why.在定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。,关系代词:,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）此时可换作that，作宾语还可换作whom,Theman（who/thatItalkedwith）isourteacher.宾语,Aperson（who/thatstealsthings）iscalledathief.主语,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),可换作that（如有介词不能用that）,Theman（(whom/who)Inoddedto）isMrLi.,Theman（towhomInodded）isProfessorLi.,3.which指物，作主语或宾语,也可用that(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,也不能用that)，,Thesearethetrees(which/thatwereplantedlastyear).主语,Isthisthelibrary(which/that)youborrowbooksfrom)?宾语,Isthisthelibrary(fromwhichyouborrowBooks)?,4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachine(that/whichcanfly）.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman(that/whom)Itoldyouabout).,5.whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。,Thisisthebook(whosecoverisblue).Thisisthebook(ofwhichthecoverisblue).,归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1)Aplaneisamachine_canfly.2)Thecar_myuncleboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.3)Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.,which/that,which/that,who/that,whom/that,5.Thehouse_weliveinisveryold.6.Thosearetheshoes_Ilostlastweek.7.Thatistheman_foundmyhandbag.8.Lucycanteatfood_haschocolateinit.,which/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,9.Thevillage_GuoPenglivesinisveryfaraway.10.Theboy_iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.11.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.12.Thedetectivefoundthethieves_robbedtheBankofHawaii.13.Myauntworksinauniversity_hasoverfivethousandstudents.,which/that,who/that,who/that,who/that,which/that,1.Theroadhasnowbeenbuiltstronger.Itwasdestroyedintheearthquake.,2.Thepeoplewereindanger.Thesoldiershavesavedthem.,them,把下列的句子合并为含定语从句的复合句。,3.Thewaiterwasveryfriendlyandpolite.Heservedustea.,He,4.Adictionaryisabook.Youcanuseittolearnmorewords.,it,XiaoMingworksinashopwhich/thatsellsphotocameras.,Whatwasthenameofthefarmerwho/thatdiscoveredthetombofQinShiHuang.,That与which的特殊用法：以下情况只能用that1.先行词既有指人又有指物.eg:Theyaretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.2.当先行词为序数词或前被序数词修饰时。eg:Shewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.3.当先行词是最高级形式或被形容词最高级修饰时。eg:Theoldestmanthatsitsinthemiddleismygrandfather.,4.先行词为all,much,anything,something,nothing,none,theone等不定代词.eg:Iminterestedineverythingthatisaboutfootball.5.先行词前面有oneof，all，no，little，few，any,theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时。eg：IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.6.主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheboythatisplayingfootball?,Fillintheblanks:1.Theterribletyphoon（台风）killedthepeopleandcattle（牛，牲畜）_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?,Fillintheblanks:1.Theterribletyphoon（台风）killedthepeopleandcattle（牛，牲畜）_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?,that,that,that,that,that,that,以下情况只能用which1.关系词前有介词时.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.2.当先行词为that,those时。eg:Whatsthatwhichwasputinthecar?3.一个句子有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用that，一个用which。eg:Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.,Exercise:Pleasepassmethebookof_thecoverisgreen.2.Whatarethose_wereputinthecar.3.Hebuiltupafactory_producedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.,which,which,which,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,=,=,关系副词,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,=,=,关系副词,比较:Theplace_interestedmemostwasJiuzhaigou.A.whichB.whereC.what该定语从句缺少主语，先行词是物，所以答案为：A,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,forwhich,=,合作探究：观察下面复合句中的定语从句、先行词、关系词，以及关系词在从句中所担当的成分。：1.Theplace（that/whichinterstedmemostwasjiuzhaigou.先行词关系代词（主语）（定语从句）（提示：Theplacewasjiuzhaigou.Itinterstedmemost.)2.IlikeHainan（wheretheweatheriswarm）.先行词关系副词（在从句中作地点状语）（定语从句）（提示：IlikeHainan.TheweatheriswarminHainan.）,1.TheroadhasnowbeenbuiltstrongerIt（主语）wasdestroyedintheearthquake.,2.Thisistheschool.Mymotherworksintheschool（地点状语）,(二)把下列的句子合并为含定语从句的复合句。,Exercise：1.Istillremembertheday_wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory_hisfatherworksislarge.5.Illneverforgetthetime_weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.,that/which,when/onwhich,that/which,where/inwhich,when/atwhich,where/inwhich,关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,(定语从句),归纳总结,在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，有在从句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）3当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）4在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。5在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。,ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略,指物，只用which指人,只用whom,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,(定语从句),强化训练,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whosethat,orwhich.,1Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.3Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,who/that,which/that,whose,Which/that,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whosethat,orwhich.,5Thefamily_Imstayingwithlivesintown.6Iknowthestudent_articlewaspublished.7Betty,_hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.8Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.9Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,that,whose,who,which/that,whom,(中考链接),中考题型呈现,定语从句,(,)1.(2012年广东)Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark,_wevisitedlastweek.,AwhoCwhat,BwhenDWhich,D先行词park在从句中作visited的宾语，从句起到修饰先行词的作用，故就用which。,(,)2.(2012年广东广州)Wheneverhewaslate,hecould,findplentyofexcuses_soundedreasonable.,A.whoCwhen,B.whereD.which,D先行词excuses指物，且在从句中作主语。故选D。,(,)3.(2012年广东佛山)Foshanisacity_hasa,verylonghistory.,Awhose,Bwhich,CWho,B先行词acity指物，且在从句中作主语。故选B。,(,)4.(2012年广东河源)Mr.Smith_issmokingis,lookingfor_shelostyesterday.,Awhom;whichCthat;who,Bwho;whatDwhich;where,B先行词Mr.Smith指人，且在从句中作主语，故第一个空应该填who,whatshelost意为“她所掉的东西”。故选B。,(,)5.(2012年广东湛江)Doyouknowthegirl,_issittingunderthetree?Yes,sheismylittlesister.,AwhatCwhom,BwhichDWho,D先行词thegirl指人，且在从句中作主语。故选D。,(,)6.(2012年广东肇庆)Thelastplace_we,visitedwastheSummerPalace.,Awhere,Bthat,CWhy,B先行词是thelastplace指物，且在从句中作宾语。故选B。,(,)7.(2011年广东)Thefirstthing_mybrotheris,goingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.,A.whichCwhy,BthatDwho,B先行词thing指物，在从句中作宾语，且前面有序数词thefirst修饰，故从句用that引导。,(,)8.(2011年广东佛山)Doyouhaveanyshoes_,canmatchthedress?,A.that,Bwho,CWhose,A题意：你有能与这条连衣裙相搭配的鞋子吗？先行词shoes指物，且在从句中作主语，故用that。,(,)9.(2011年广东清远)Haveyoureadthebook_,isaboutthemoon?,A.whatC/,BitDWhich,Dit和what不能作定语从句的引导词，故A、B项错误；先行词thebook指物，且作主语，关系词不能省略，故用which。,(,)10.(2011年广东广州)Thestory_Ireadinthe,newspaperwasaboutacommonproblemamongteenagers.,A.WhoseCthat,BwhoDWhere,C先行词指物，且在从句中作宾语。故选C。,(,)11.(2011年广东肇庆)Peoplefromdifferentplaces,cometovisitZhaoqing_isfamousforitsbeautifulmountainsandlakes.,A.what,Bwhich,Cwho,B先行词Zhaoqing指物，且在从句中作主语，故用which。,(,)12.(2011年广东梅州)Ihatethose_donthelp,otherswhentheyareintrouble.,A.whoCwhat,BwhichDwhere,A由题意可知先行词those指人，故用who。,(,)