虚拟语气教案

虚拟语气教学案于亚东虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用“常用在It is (was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。Its important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）Its better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思） 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent， 等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once Its strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so badly.Its right that you should think that way. 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIm ashamed you should have done such a thing.It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off有人建议推迟会议。It is settled that you leave us, then? 注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。如：The doctor suggested that he not go there医生建议他不要去那里。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。 从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。 I wish it were true我但愿这是真的。 从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望 I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。 表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”I wish you had called yesterday我希望你昨天来过电话。We wish you had come to our New Years party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。4). 有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。4. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在It is time (that)句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式It is time the children went to bed. 孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）Its high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。It is time we left.我们该走了。It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。 5. 虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！God bless you! 上帝保佑你。God damn it! 该死的！The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！So be it then. 就那样吧。6. 虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。1) 用于主语从句。试比较：It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。2) 用于宾语从句。试比较：I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。“If I knew the answer to all your questions Id be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, hed be a genius.他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)专项练习：1His doctor suggested that he _ a short leave of absenceAwill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook2The job would require that _ at 7 oclock every morningAhe will be at the factory Bhe be at the factoryChe was at the factory Dhe has been at the factory3Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonableAwill wait Bis going to wait Cwaits Dwait4The housemaster was strictHe requested that we _ television on week nightsAnot watch Bmust not to watchCnot be watching Dhave not watched5It is necessary that a worker _ his work on timeAaccomplishes Bcan accomplishCaccomplish Dhas accomplished6It is important that he _ his decision before FridayAwill make Bmakes Cmake Dmust make7You look so tired. Its time you _ Ago to sleepBwent to sleepCgo to bedDwent to bed8Id rather you _ anything about it for the time beingAdo Bdidnt do Cdont Ddidnt9But for water，it _ impossible to live in the desertAis Bwas Cwere Dwouldnt be10 _ it_ for your help，I couldnt have made any progressAHad；not been BShould；not beenCDid；not been DNot；be11Long _ the Party！Alives Blive Cwill live Dshould live12Mary insisted that Tom _ her the ring backAgives Bgive Cgiven Dhave given13My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next weekAto put Bbe putCshould put Dbe putting14Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TVAdid Bdo Cshall doDhave done15He insisted that nothing _ till he arrived. Amust be started Bought to be started Ccould be started Dshould be started 16Tom suggests that Ann _ the house. Acan sell Bsells Csell Dsold 17Its better that he _ it from you. All hear Bhears Cshould hear Dheard 18It was necessary that he _ about what had happened. Abe told Bwas told Cshould tell Dtell 19Its astonishing that she _ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her. Afelt Bshould feel Cll feel Dwould feel 20It was strange that we _ short of water in the country where it was always raining. Aare Bbe Cshould be Dboth B and C 21It is strange that she _ marry such an ugly man. Awould Bshould Cshall Dmust22Its not right that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. Amust be put Bmust put Cwill be put Dbe put 23It was impossible that he _ the train, for he had started out very early. Acould have missed Bmust have missed Cshould have missed Dshould miss 24Its a pity that he _ such a good chance. Ashould miss Bshould have missed Chas missed Dall the above25He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he _ it off at once. Amust pay Bought to pay Cpaid Dpay 26Mr. Ford insisted that he _ right, though the others didnt think so. Ashould do Bshould have done Chad done Ddid 27His pale face suggested that he _ the sad news. Ashould be told Bshould have been told Cwas told Dhad been told 28He suggested that we _ here at once. Ashould leave Bmust leave Cleft Dought to leave 29My order is that everyone _ their own work in time. Amust complete Bcompleted Ccompletes Dcomplete 30Weve made the decision that we _ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Awill gather Bare about to gather Cwould gather Dshould gather 31-Ill be waiting for you at home. - _ I were busy and couldnt come?AWhat if BWhat when C How if DHow when 32After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I _ even better under harder conditions. ”Awould do Bwould have done Cdid Dhad done 33It has been raining for a day, but even though it _ , we _ there by tomorrow. Ahadnt rained, couldnt get Bhadnt rained, cant get Cdidnt rain, couldnt get Ddidnt rain, cant get 34We could not have succeeded _ your help. Abut for Bwithout Cif it had not been for Dall the above 35I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend _ differently when you were in trouble. Aacted Bhad acted Cwould act Dwould have acted 参考答案：1C 2B 3D 4A 5C6C 7D 8B 9D 10A11B 12B 13B 14B 15 D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。16 C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。17C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。18 A C、D为主动，在此不妥。19 B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。