现实不浪漫— Araby中对比手法的分析

现实不浪漫析Araby中对比手法的应用文章的题目是：“Araby”，给我留下的第一印象便是这可能是一个叙述探险于神秘东方的阿拉伯国家的小说。通读一遍后又觉这与小说内容风马牛不相及。但文章看似平淡却有着意味深长的象征意味。本篇小说并无强烈的戏剧冲突和跌宕起伏的故事情节。整篇文章随着作者的思路向前自然推进发展。全篇不过是细细讲述“我”的一段少年经历，“我”的内心活动则是全文的主题，心理的每一个起伏波澜都被大肆渲染着。意识流或许想要表达的就是这种意识肆意驰骋的流畅。本文看似普通平淡甚至不知所云，但少年内心与现实的对比明显地显示着现实世界的冷酷、琐屑而不浪漫。现在下文对本文各处对比手法进行分析：（一）“我”：孩子的视角与成熟的口吻的对比首先，全文以第一人称进行叙述，而“我”作为一个孩子，所提供的视角清晰地给读者展示了一个萌生情愫的少年内心的矛盾、幻想等种种浪漫的内心世界。以第一人称叙述为叙事、抒情、进行心理活动描写提供了很大的发挥空间。通过“我”坠入情网后的一系列举动即可看出这种浪漫主义：“Every morning I lay on the floor in the front parlour watching her door. The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen” 每天清晨我趴在地板上张望着她的加满；百叶窗拉着，只留出一个缝隙，以免被她发现我的存在。少年的初恋是如此的羞涩，抑制不住地窥视着心爱的女孩子的一举一动，却又生怕被别人发现自己心底里的秘密。“I kept her brown figure always in my eyes and, when we came near the point at which our ways diverged, I quickened my pace and passed her” 默默地跟在她身后，不说一个字；而当要各奔东西之时就突然加快脚步走到她前面去。少年不知如何表达自己的情感，却又用这种细节、看似不经意却又不知在心中默默排演多少次的行为引起对方的注意。这就是“我”表达爱慕的方式。正因故事的视角从“我”出发，由我导演，所以一切的叙述、描写显得自然流畅，使读者如亲身体验，不必加入第三方的解释与旁白，这页正是浪漫情怀的体现。但与这种浪漫形成鲜明对比的则是文章冷静、成熟的口吻。Narrator虽然是一个少年，但文章的基调却绝非应有的稚嫩、无邪；口吻也不是孩子气的轻松和幼稚。文章的基调是沉郁的，口吻是成熟的。文章的时间定在冬天，“the short days of winter came” 选取的场景不是寂静的大街，昏暗的路灯下，就是嘈杂的市集；“我”生活的环境也绝非欢声笑语，暖意融融，相反却是住在舅舅家的寄人篱下与不受重视。当我提出要去Araby市集时，舅妈惊讶地问是不是要去参加互济会之类的教会组织：“My aunt was surprised, and hoped it was not some Freemason affair” ;而舅舅则一直拖到晚上九点才回家并完全忘了这回事：“When he was midway through his dinner I asked him to give me the money to go to the bazaar. He had forgotten.” 可见我在少年时代不被理解，不被重视。这是一个成人眼中沉重、无浪漫可言的世界，作者可能接回忆自己二十经历，借孩子之口、之眼，批判现实世界的无情和沉重。（二）外部环境与人物内心的对比我认为文章的主旨在于通过叙述“我”的爱情体验、人生经历，表达对现实物质世界的失望、浪漫的消失，爱情的难以捉摸，将现实的冷酷与幻想的浪漫形成强烈对比。文章开篇的环境描写即为全文定下了沉重的感情基调“North Richmond Street, being blind” 我把这里的“blind”理解为黑洞洞的、幽暗深邃的，一望不到尽头的街巷。”An uninhabited house of two storeys stood as the blind end, detached from its neighbours in a square ground. The other houses of the street gazed at another with brown imperturbable faces.” 望不见的尽头是移动孤立的无人居住的房子；其他的房子有缘都面面相觑地尴尬地站在那里。幽深的大街、废弃的屋子，永世不变的房子这些意象或许就代表着作者那个时代沉郁、压抑的气氛。然而在这种背景下，“我”却体会到了美丽和爱的存在。请看对Margans sister 的肖像描写：“The light from the lamp opposite our door caught the white curve of her neck, lit up her hair that rested there and, dress and caught the white border of a petticoat, just visible as she stood at ease” 灯光投射出她美丽的身形；她脖子优美的曲线、自然垂下的卷曲的长发，修长的双手还有裙子下露出的衬裙的花边，一切就像她有限地站在我面前一样清晰可见。这种美与破败的自然环境的对比想要表达的正是“Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance” 有她在，一切最无聊肮脏的地方也能变得浪漫动人。同时“我“居住的房子也是一个特定的很值得考虑的背景;“The former tenant of our house, a priest, had died in the back draw-room” 从前的房客是一个牧师，他就死在房间里的衣帽间。而“我”得到的最初对爱的指引和体会也正是在这个房子里。“One evening I went into the back drawing-room in which the priest had died” 我在一个黄昏走进了牧师死时待的房间。与此同时，“It was a dark raining evening and there was no sound in the house. The fine incessant needles of water playing in the sodden beds.”这是一个雨夜，屋子里一片死寂。预交辱骂不断，远处的灯光时隐时现照在我身上。作者营造的明显是一个阴雨甚至带有死亡七夕的背景。而这种背景下，“All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves. I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: O love! O love! Many times” 然而我对这一切都置若罔闻，我双手合十，直到它们无力颤抖。我口中不断念着”爱情！爱情！“雨夜的阴冷的屋子是沉寂甚至骇人的。我却在这种气氛中感受到了爱情，我想这也能证明作者对世界并未失去希望，相信在当时沉郁世风之中仍有希望与浪漫的存在。（三） Araby之行现实击垮浪漫的环形关于即使的描写在文中出现过两次。先分析如下：首先文中出现的是我平时与舅母一起赶集的场景：“We walked through the flaring streets, jostled by drunken men and bargaining women, amid the curse of labourers, the shrill litanies if shop-boys, the nasal chanting of street-singers or a ballad about the troubles in our native land.”我们穿过熙熙攘攘的街道，被醉醺醺的男人和讨价还价的女人来回推搡着，周围充斥着工人的脏话，商店小厮喋喋不休地抱怨着，街头歌手唱着摇滚火抱怨国家困境的民谣。然而在这一片喧闹、嘈杂、充满怨气和市侩气息的市井中，我内心的情感却彻底战胜了它们。“I imagine that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips. My eyes were often full of tears.”这种现实的琐屑与爱情的崇高并存，此时精神上的浪漫明显战胜了现实。机制Araby之行，“我“ 的内心波澜更大了，但此种对比的结过却是”我“内心的失望和自己对自己产生的憎恶与厌烦。敦促“我“去Araby的动力是有爱慕的姑娘带来的：”When she addressed the first words to me I was so confused that I did not know what to answer” “我“和她交流时的幸福感和紧张感震晕了，甚至不知道她在说些什么。着鉴定了我为她实现这一愿望的信心，并答应为她捎些东西。在我的幻想中，”The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me.”Araby这个音节在我心中一遍遍地默念着，它给我营造了一种神秘的东方的魔力。“The sight of the street throughed with buyers and glaring with gas recalled to me the purposed to my journey”在我的想象中Araby应是一个充满着神奇的东方色彩，人群熙熙攘攘的繁华市场。然而现实却让我大失所望。”Nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness”Two men were counting money on a salver, I listened to the fall of the coins.”所有商铺几乎都意境关门了；在咖啡店里的人数钱清帐，我只能听见硬币撞击的声音。及至我走进一个瓷器商店，“The young ladys voice was not encouraging. She seemed to have spoken to me out of sense of duty.”售货员只是出于意识到自己的幼稚和寒酸。及至”I heard a voice call from one end of the gallery that the light was out. The upper part of the hall was now compeletely dark.”不仅仅是现实中商店的灯灭了，我充满向往期待的内