英语计划总结之but用法初探

英语计划总结之but用法初探 请先看下面这几道中考题：1. （2010，南京市） I dont think your uncle really likes drama series（电视连续剧）。No，_he still watches the program.A. and B. so C. or D. but2. （2010，上海市） Money is important，_it cant buy everything.A. for B. but C. or D. so3. （2010，黄冈市） Wang Jinquan， a teacher from Qichun， has supported many poor students to college._he himself lives a plain（朴素的） life.A. So B. But C. Because D. Though4. （2010，北京市） Would you like to go to the concert with me？Id love to，_Im afraid I have no time.A. so B. or C. and D. but5. （2010，沈阳市） Do you like playing tennis？No，_I like sports. I play football every Sunday.A. and B. but C. so D. or分析：上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对but的掌握情况，正确答案分别是： 1. D2. B3. B4. D5. Bbut是初中英语课本中的一个重要单词，使用频率非常高，也为各地中考命题者所青睐。本文就but一词在初中英语课本中的用法作一归纳，以供同学们复习时参考。一、 用作连词but用作连词时，意为“而、但是、可是”，表示语义的转折。例如：I play ping-pong quite well， but I havent played it for a long time. 我兵乓球打得很好，但好长时间没打了。His office is in New York， but he is often away. 他的办公室在纽约，但他经常不在。There were a lot of people and much noise there. But all this was nothing to him. 那里人很多，噪音很大。但是这一切对他来说都无所谓。特别提示 汉语中常说“虽然，但是”，但在英语中， although/though不能和but用在同一个句子中，但although/though可以和yet连用。试译：虽然他年纪相当大了，但还经常在田间劳动。误： Although/Though he is very old， but he often works in the fields.正： Although/Though he is very old， he often works in the fields.正： He is very old， but he often works in the fields.正： Although/Though he is very old， yet he often works in the fields.二、 用作介词but用作介词时，意为“除之外”，相当于except， 多和no， nothing， nobody， all， everyone， everything， anybody， none等表示整体概念的词连用，或置于what， who， where等疑问词之后。例如：I heard nothing but the wind. 除了风声，我什么也没听到。Have you ever been to anywhere but Beijing？ 除了北京之外你还去过别的什么地方吗？Who but a fool would do such a thing？ 除傻瓜外，谁还会干这样的事情？I have no dictionary but this one. 我只有这一本词典。Everybody arrived on time but yourself. 大家都按时到达，就是你自己没有。三、 用作副词but用作副词时，意为“仅仅”，相当于only。 例如：He left but an hour ago. 他一小时前才离开的。She is but a child. 她不过是个小孩。I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. 我唯一感到遗憾的是，我仅有一次生命可献给祖国。特别提示 but用在“too to”结构前表示肯定意义。例如：I am but too glad to follow your advice. 我非常高兴听取你的意见。They are but too satisfied to be praised. 他们受到表扬，非常满意。四、 but用于表示歉意的话之后but用于Sorry， Im sorry， Excuse me等表示歉意的话之后，没有实际意义，仅起连接作用，常常被省略。例如：Im sorry， （but） I disagree with you at all. 对不起，我一点儿也不同意你的意见。Excuse me， （but） can you tell me the way to the railway station？ 劳驾，请问去火车站怎么走？五、 含but的短语与but构成的常见短语有：1. not but 意为“不是而是”，是一个连词词组，当其连接两个主语时，句子谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来定。例如：We do not study Russian but English. 我们不学俄语，而学英语。She is not a student， but a worker. 她不是个学生，而是个工人。Not you but I am a Young Pioneer. 不是你是少先队员，而是我是少先队员。2. not only but also 意为“不但，而且”，用来连两个相同的句子成分。连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词的形式根据就近原则来定。例如：He can play not only the piano， but also the violin. 他不仅能弹钢琴，而且还会拉小提琴。Not only the children but also their grandma wants to read the picture book. 不仅孩子们想看小人书，他们的奶奶也想看。They work not only in the factory but also on the farm. 他们不但在工厂劳动，而且还在农场劳动。3. all but意为“除外全部、几乎”。例如：All but mother in my family can speak English. 除母亲外，我家人都会说英语。They have all but finished the task. 他们几乎完成了所有的任务。4. cannot help but do sth/cannot help doing sth意为“情不自禁做某事”。例如：When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China， they cannot help but think. 当外国游客看到中国的长城，他们不禁浮想联翩。（美国口语）When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China， they cannot but think. （正式用语）When the foreign visitors see the Great Wall in China， they cannot help thinking. （普通说法）5. anything but意为“不见得、决不”。例如：He is anything but a good headmaster