大学英语牛津英语语法课件1.ppt

WelcometoOurEnglishGrammarClass,LectureOne,1.CourseIntroduction2.TeachingRequirements3.EnglishTense(),.Mutualintroduction.Courseintroduction.Teachingrequirements.Coursearrangements.Englishtense().Assignment,.Mutualintroduction1.Self-introduction2.Studentsmutualintroduction,back,.CourseintroductionDoyoulikegrammar?Isitboring?Isitabstract?Whybothertodiscussitsystematically?Ontheonehand,itwillenlightenusonalotmysteriesthathavepuzzledusduringourEnglishstudy.Examples:*Becauseheissmart,soallhisteacherslikehim.*Heissmart,allhisteacherslikehim.(Why?),YaoMingisthetallest.(Why?)(Incompletesentencewhichbreakstheruleofsentenceunity.)*Ontheotherhand,grammaristhebasistoEnglishacquisition.InourEnglishstudy,weoftenmeetproblemssuchastense,person,mood,number,case,voice,etc.*Sometimes,wecanrecognizeallthewordsinasentence,butwecantunderstandit.Why?,例1:ThenumberoftheyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocantreadisincredibleaboutoneinfour.(英汉语序差异)在美国，大约有1/4的青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。,例2.Forafamilyofthree,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.(考研题)（请先分析主要结构；unlimited无约束的，无限的）譬如,对于一个三口之家来说,舒舒服服地在家中享受几乎数不清的娱乐项目,这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。,分析:(1)该句的骨干结构为itismoretodosth.thantodosth.else.是一个比较结构,且是在两个不定式间进行比较。itismoreconvenientaswellascheaperto为主体结构,但it是形式主语,真正的主语为tositcomfortablyathome,并与非谓语结构togooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere作比较。句首的forafamilyofthree作状语,表示条件。另外,还有两个介词短语作插入语:forexample,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语,修饰tositcomfortablyathome.,AsystematicknowledgeofgrammarwillnotonlyhelpusunderstandEnglishbetter,butalsoenlightenusonhowtooutputEnglishmoreeffectively.OralEnglishislikeourhardware;grammarandvocabularyareoursoftware.,Anotherexample:WhatdoyouknowabouttheemphasisinEnglish?1Itis/was+thatwho+2do/does/didIdowanttoseehim.Pleasedositdown.Dobequiet!Docome!Dobecareful!,3Byusing“surely,really,certainly,definitely,utter,sheer,such,so,very,only,single,such,last”Doyoureallymeanthat?Shewillsurelysucceed.Imsosorry.YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChineseNotasinglepersonhasbeeninthatclassroomthisevening,4Byusing“intheworld，onearth，atall”Whereintheworldcouldhebe？他到底会在哪儿？Whatonearthisit？它究竟是什么？Doyouknowatall？你到底知不知道？5ByusinginterjectionHowinterestingastoryitis！Oh，whatalie！,6.Byusingrepetition例Imveryveryfondofyouasafriend.Why！why！Thecageisempty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。7Byusinginvertedsentence*Onthetableweresomeflowers*ManyatimehaveIclimbedthathill*Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem,8Byusing“capitalletteroritalicizedletter”MothermadeMEanewcoat.母亲给我(而非其他人)做了一件新外衣。ItsYOURtask,Anna,tocleantheblackboard.9Byusing“dashorbold-face”ItsbecauseofhardworktenyearsofhardworkHebeganthestudyattenoclock,二、强调句型的否、疑问式和特殊疑问句ItwasnotOliviabuthersisterthatIsaw.(否定式)Wasityouthatbrokethewindow?(一般疑问句)Howwasitthathewenttoschool?(特殊疑问句)WherewasitthatyoumetyourEnglishteacher?Itwasthedaybeforeyesterdaythatyoulostthemoney，wasntit?(反意疑问句),Graspingthesystematicknowledgeisthekeytogrammarstudy.,back,.Teachingrequirements1.GoodpreparationGoodpreparationisthepreconditiontoenjoyourEnglishClass.2.Agoodself-studyhabitAgoodself-studyhabitwillbenefitusforlife.Howtostudy-whattostudy,3.PunctualityBeinglateforclassisnotallowed.Absenceisforbidden.4.MappingoutyourstudyplanLong-termirrugularverbs)2.pastprogressive(was/were+v-ing)3.pastperfective(had+pp)4.pastperfectiveprogressive(had+been+v-ing)(usu.inindirectspeech),Will(加法原则):1.wiil+v2.will+be+doing3.will+have+pp.4.will+have+been+doingWould:只变第一项ThatsthetensesofEnglishgrammar.Itsapieceofcakeifyourememberthemlikethis.,1.Presenttake/sam/is/are+takinghave/hastakenhave/hasbeentaking2.Pasttookwas/were+takinghadtakenhadbeentaking3.Futurewill+takewillbe+takingwillhavetakenwillhavebeentaking4.Pastfuturewould+takewouldbe+takingwouldhavetakenwouldhavebeentaking,1.Presenttense(现在时态)1.1Simplepresent(一般现在时）UsesoftheSimplePresentTensea:PermanenttruthsoffactsSummerfollowsspring.b:Habitualactionsc:Future(如在Ihope,Ibet后的that分句中，if,when引导的条件和时间分句中),考点：1).InproverbsorsayingsPridegoesbeforeafall.注：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.,2).下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等的一般现在时可表将来。Thisuseiscommonlyassociatedwithfuturearrivalanddeparturewithverbslikearrive,come,go,leave,etc.todescribetravelarrangementsorrelatetotimetables.*Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.*Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.*Wednesday,May24thmarksour25thweddinganniversary.,3).动词在makesure(certain),seetoit(注意，负责),hope宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.4).在themorethemore(越越)句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现时。Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.,1.2PresentprogressiveUsesofthePresentprogressivea.Actionsinprogressatthemomentofspeaking表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Toemphasizethis,weoftenuseadverbialslikenow,atthemoment,just,etc.Someonesknockingatthedoor.Canyouanswerit?b.Temporarysituations,suchsituationsmaynotbehappeningatthemomentofspeaking现阶段一直在做的事情，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.,c.RepeatedactionsTheadverbsalways,constantly,continually,forever,perpetuallyandrepeatedlycanbeusedwithprogressiveformstodescribecontinually-repeatedactions;(与频率副词连用，表反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的感情色彩,如赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。*Shesalwayshelpingpeople.*Youarealwayschangingyourmind.*Youarecontinuallyfindingfaultwithme.*Hesalwaysborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopayback.,d.Plannedactions:futurereference表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。MarryisleavingonFriday.e.表示渐变的动词：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.,不用进行时的动词1)状态动词:have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers./Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态动词:know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp./Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词:accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.如：Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.,1.3presentperfective(have/has+pp)(现在完成时）现在完成时分“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法：“已完成”用法强调对现在造成的影响，通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用，而“未完成”用法常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.(灯已关，且现仍关着）Ivelivedheresince1995.,1.4Presentperfectiveprogressive(have/has+been+doing)(现在完成进行时）基本用法:1）表示由过去的某个时刻发生至今并且仍将持续或者是刚刚结束的动作。Ihavebeenteachingfor20years.我已经教书20年了2）表示重复发生的动作*Hehasbeentellingthestoryfor10years.他这个故事已讲了十年了。*TheCEOhasbeenconsideringatransfertothestateofTexaswhereprofitswouldbelarger.*Peterhasbeenplayingcomputergamesthisafternoon.,2.Pasttense:（过去时态）1）Simplepast(一般过去时）2）pastprogressive(过去进行时）3）pastperfective(had+pp)(过去完成时）4）pastperfectiveprogressive(had+been+v-ing)(过去完成进行时）3.Will(加法原则)1.wiil+v2.will+be+v-ing3.will+have+pp.4.will+have+been+v-ing4.Would:只变第一项,时态练习：1.Untilthen,hisfamily_fromhimforsixmonths.A.didnthearB.hasntbeenhearingC.hasntheardD.hadntheard译文：到那时为止，他家里有六个月没有得到他的消息了。到过去某个时候(untilthen)之前，所发生的动作(hearfrom.),用过去完成时。(D)2.We_ourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.A.justhavehadB.havejusthadC.justhadD.hadjusthad译文：我们刚吃罢早饭，就有一位老