郑振平-采矿外文期刊文献

外 语 期 刊 文 献英文题目：煤矿开采对地下水资源的影响 中文题目：INFLUENCE ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES FORCOAL MINING 姓 名：郑振平学 号：班 级：采矿10-1班指导老师: 张志强老师所属院系：地质与矿业工程学院 日 期： 2012.11.25INFLUENCE ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES FORCOAL MINING Author:WU Yu- sheng 1, ZHAO Ya- ping 2, YAN Ya- jing 3( 1. Shanxi Appraising Center of Enviromental Protection Technology, Taiyuan , China;2. Coal Industrial Taiyuan Desigh Research Institute, Taiyuan , China;3. Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan , China)【Abstract】: The article points out the phenomenon of mining area that ground water resources are becoming more and more worse, through the analysis of quantity and quality on the ground water resources,and the discussin of calculation on the amount of run- off ground water, In order to make some departments attach importance to the problem.【Keywords】: coal mining; ground water; influence.One SummaryChinas coal resources are very rich, the exploitation of coal resource for the sustainable development of the national economy has made important historical contribution. However, the coal resources of a large-scale development, inevitable on the natural ecological conditions have great disturbance, especially for open Mining area hydrogeological environment has obviously notreversible action, resulting in serious damage to the groundwater resource natural ode storage condition, make originally already tense for regional water resources need contradiction is more acerb. Coal mining and underground water resources are closely linked, seam to underground aquifer to adjacent coal mining, when groundwater drainage, it is not only affect the quantity and quality of groundwater resources, but also destroys the water dynamic balance and the ecological environment, caused a series of bad after fruit. Coal mining on the groundwater resource is destroyed very serious, loss it is difficult to estimate.Two Coal mining on groundwater resources quantity influence Coal, water resources coexist in a geological body, under natural condition next, each having their own occurrence conditions and variation. Because the coal mine open mining of groundwater drainage to break the original balance of nature, formed to mine well as the center of the cone of depression, changed original complement, diameter, strip member, the groundwater to the confluence, in its effect on the radius, to the water flow speed, the water level dropped, storage capacity to reduce, by confined local for pressure, resulting in coal measure strata above fissure water is obvious destroy, make original aquifer into the permeable layer.Two-one For the shallow, middle and effects of ground waterShallow layer groundwater, industrial water and living water main to water, because of mining influence, coal measures strata and loosely overlying rock type vertical cracks increased, increasing, coal-bearing strata in water, looserock formation in the water were quickly penetrate downwardly, formed area underground water level drawdown funnel, shallow, middle groundwater was reduced year by year stem. Around the village coal mine well for water and waste, causing the draft problem. In recent decades, where to build mine, where to solve the problem of water supply for local residents.Two-two The effects of deep groundwater Coal mine in the mining process, in order to maintain the normal mining bank and the mining coal working surface of horizontal and vertical development, must work for the surrounding water or potential water discharge. With the mining depth and the large, deep aquifer water interception, into the pit water discharge, mine drainage volume increased year by year, lead to the deep groundwater level year after year to fall descending, the scope and extent of groundwater drawdown funnel and the greater the. Deep groundwater level once the decline, it is difficult in a short period. to restore. Groundwater erosion will reduce springs supply, serious when will cause water shutoff. At present, many coal mines near have been unable to find natural spring. coal mine general distribution in hills, mining drainage into artificial drainage, drainage with the interception of a hill area groundwater to the river valley basin recharge, changed the groundwater runoff route, make the underground water from the horizontal motion into vertical movement, reduces the Hirakawa area lateral recharge.Three main factors of mining loss of groundwater resources FIRST .the hydrogeological conditions. Is the main aquifer thickness, rich aqueous, joints, fissures, karst development degree and source of supply. One is thickness of the aquifer, karst fissure development, strong, water supply the source is rich, the mine drainage quantity is big, and conversely; two is located geographical location, mainly depends on: the plane position and the nearby coal mine well, spring, water relations, generally from the well, spring, the river near, and hydraulic close, lateral recharge sources, then mine drainage volume, anti it is small; three with the local precipitation, infiltration coefficient, coal seam there is a direct relationship between the depth of mining, is generally shallow buried coal seam, precipitation a large quantity, infiltration coefficient, precipitation can be directly converted into the mine water, coal layer mining water flowing fractured zone impact to the ground, then mine drainage big, and seasonal changes obviously, is the rainy season every year 7, 8, fall September a large quantity of water, mine drainage is also increased, whereas the small.SECOND . the geological tectonic characteristics. Geological structure, ground water water plays an important role in the control and guide, local also plays overflow-resisting effect of geological structure is complex, the mining of coal, fracture, amputation layer closer, supply adequate, drainage quantity is big. And simple structure single, coal from the fault is far less, source of supply, drainage quantity more and more small. THIRD.coal mining stage. One is coal mining early, exposing the aquifer is relatively more, the aquifer in the natural state of saturation, including water resistance, along with the increase of mining area, will gradually occur roof caving, collude with fissure water conducted zone, the top coal measures of groundwater in aquifers will directly into the pit. Two is the mine into the medium, because of generally not large area to expose new aquifer, with the production time growth, water level decreased continuously, to mine as the center of the fall drop funnel tends stable, part of the aquifer is confined to no pressure, mine well discharge by infiltration recharge, in s, size, line balance. state. Three is the mine into the later, due to the aquifer is sparse dry, water flowing fractured zone and jointed by filling, surface infiltration recharge gradually reduced, then the gradual decay of mine drainage. The four is mine well into the evening ( stop ), in its sphere of influence, mine discharge water changes little with or without drainage. But as a result of coal at the bottom of a water-resisting layer exists, goaf water become progressively / underground reservoir .Four coal mining underground water loss estimation Coal mine mining destroys aquifer, can result in groundwater of Yan weight loss. According to the coal mining process displacement change rule and influence mine drainage quantity factor conditions. Can be driven and static reserves reserves two aspects of analysis. In general, the underground water loss estimation using the following empirical formula to calculate: Q1= H S U Q2= S M1In which Q1、Q2-Static reservesand dynamic reserves Million m; S -area of coal mine gob , the ida area170. 91k; U- Aquifer water supply M1 - Groundwater mining damage modulus, m/ ; H- Mining damage thickness of aquifer, m . In Shanxi the Qinshui coalfield as an example. Qinshui coalfield in Shanxi the southeastern province, is the provinces largest coalfield, coal is mainly composed of taiyuan group and Shanxi group formation, the aquifer is more, water is strong, more precipitation, hydrogeology condition medium, local complex. Yes this area of the coal mine drainage volume estimation using the above the formula is more suitable, generally results in more accurate.However, this formula does not hold good in all cases.so.In applying this formula, according to the evaluation of coal mine geology tectonic, hydrology geology, mining depth, mining area, mining order segment size, mining, atmospheric precipitation and other factors were analyzed, and the the calculation result of the formula is verified and the correction. for example, Datong Coal Mine Group Tashan mine construction project in calculation of the loss of water: from the above formulas have selected the following results: Q1= 49.11 170.911061.610-3= m/h Q2=170.911061.24910-5=2134.7 m/h According to the historical data of Kouquan river basin is calculated ( area 375.3 km2 ) groundwater resources quantity was m3/a (about 1469.18 m3/h ), smaller than the formula for the calculation of the damage to water resources quantity.Therefore, the above formulas in Datong area selection of numerical too large, do not accord with the actual. Because the district is located in the surface water and ground water water ridge area, the surface is covered by Quaternary strata, only in the southwest with clastic rock outcropping, Central Valley local sporadic outcrops, the Ordovician deep buried underground, recharge recharge source area is small, only on the eastern edge of Kouquan mountain sporadic outcrops, aquifer water storage condition is poor, large area terrain slope, favor the excretion, is not conducive to the storage, and the impermeable layer and thickness greater than the aquifer, mine hydrogeological condition should be simple,Mine water inflow forecast: The first Mine area:20002000=, Then the radius of influence to 1130 m。Shanxi group of Shihezi Formation sandstone aquifer is 49.11 m, according to m3/ D pumping Kcp= 0.07, H= 356 m, initial drainage is confined to no pressure, according to the following formula: = 518.81 m/h= 12451.46 m/ d The Carboniferous Taiyuan formation sandstone aquifer raw14. 77 m, Coefficient of permeability K= 0.0098 m/d , H=282 m, According to the formula of initial water quantity: = 113.12 m/ h = 2714.9 m/dIn Tashan mine, Shanxi group and Taiyuan group in water:12451.46 + 2714.9 =15166.36m3/d( 631.93m3/ h) 。 Thus, for different areas of mine water discharge calculation, based on the actual situation of the most reasonable calculation method, to obtain the most accurate results.Five The end Mining is a human activity, gradually changing to surrounding ecological environment, especially on the water environment impact. The next 20 years, coal mining on water resources destruction will gradually from shallow to deep static static reserves reserves of carbonate karst fissure water transformation and. This means that, on the one hand, taking coal as the center of the groundwater funnel area will be further expanded and extended deep, shallow static reserves area of destruction processes underlying it, does not mean that the water resources consumption has stopped, groundwater seepage flow law becomes more complicated, coal mining is used to mine water treatment the cost will be further improved; on the other hand, once the carbonate rock karst fissure extensive damage, it could lose the entire geological period billions of years by the formation of water resources, and the surrounding areas of water resources supply situation produces major effect.Reference:oneTU Shi-hao CHEN Yi-xian Exploration of green mining technology .Protection of ecological environment in mining area J. Energy environmental protection Vol. 17, No. 4, 2003.twoNIU Ren-liang Shanxi province coal mining on water resources destruction effect and evaluation M .China Science and Technology Publishing House, 2003 9.threeLIAN -Bin Analysis on water environmental problems caused by mining J. The occupation university journal 2002 6.煤矿开采对地下水资源的影响作者：吴玉生1, 赵亚平2, 杨亚静3( 1. 山西省环境保护技术评估中心, 山西太原;2.煤炭工 业太原设计研究院, 山西太原;3. 太原理工大学, 山西太原 )【摘要】: 通过对煤矿开采影响地下水资源数量和质量的分析, 以及对地下水流失量的计算的讨论, 揭示了矿区地下水环境日益恶化的现象, 以期引起重视。关键词: 煤矿开采; 地下水; 影响。中图分类号: X523 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1006- 8759( 2004) 06- 0001- 031 概述 我国的煤炭资源非常丰富, 煤炭资源的开采为整个国民经济持续稳定发展做出了重要的历史性贡献。然而, 煤炭资源的大规模开发, 不可避免地对自然生态状况产生极大的扰动, 特别是对开采区域范围内的水文地质环境产生极为明显的不可逆作用, 从而严重破坏了地下水资源的自然赋存条件, 使本来就已经十分紧张的区域水资源供需矛盾更加尖锐。煤矿的开采与地下水资源紧密相连, 煤层往往与地下含水层相邻, 采煤时会疏干地下水, 这不仅影响了地下水资源的数量和质量, 而且破坏了水的动态平衡和生态环境, 造成一系列不良后果。煤炭开采对地下水资源的破坏十分严重, 损失难以估量。2 煤炭开采对地下水资源量的影响 煤、水资源共存于一个地质体中, 在天然条件下, 各有自身的赋存条件及变化规律。由于煤矿开采排水打破了地下水原有的自然平衡, 形成以矿井为中心的降落漏斗, 改变了原有的补、径、排条件, 使地下水向矿坑汇流, 在其影响半径之内, 地下水流加快, 水位下降, 储存量减少, 局部由承压转为无压, 导致煤系地层以上裂隙水受到明显的破坏, 使原有的含水层变为透水层。2. 1 对浅、中层地下水的影响 浅、中层地下水是工业用水和生活用水的主要水源, 由于采煤的影响, 煤系地层及上覆松散岩类中垂向裂缝增多、增大, 煤系地层中的水, 松散岩类地层中的水均快速地向下渗透, 形成了区域性地下水位降落漏斗, 浅、中层地下水逐年被疏干。煤矿周围村庄的水井也因无水而报废, 造成了村民的吃水问题。近几十年来, 哪里建矿, 哪里就要为当地居民解决供水水源问题。2. 2 对深层地下水的影响 煤矿在开采过程中, 为了维持采矿的正常进行及采煤工作面的横向和纵向的发展, 必须将工作面周围的水或潜在的水排出。随开采深度的加大, 深层各含水层水被截留, 转化为矿坑水排出,矿井排水量逐年增加, 导致深层地下水位逐年下降, 所形成的地下水降落漏斗范围和幅度也越来越大。深层地下水位一旦下降, 很难在短时期内得到恢复。地下水的流失将会减少泉水的补给, 严重时会造成泉水断流。目前, 很多煤矿附近已无法找到天然泉。煤矿一般分布在山丘地带, 采煤排水变成了人为的排水带, 排水带截取了山丘区地下水向河谷盆地的补给, 改变了地下水的径流路线, 使地下水由水平运动变为垂直运动, 减少了平川地区的侧向补给量。3 采煤流失地下水资源的主要因素 ( 1) 水文地质条件。主要是含水层的厚度、富水性、节理、裂隙、岩溶发育程度和补给来源。一是含水层厚度大、裂隙岩溶发育、含水性强、补给来源丰富, 则矿坑排水量就大, 反之则小; 二是所处的地理位置, 主要取决于: 煤矿平面位置与附近井、泉、河水的关系, 一般离井、泉、河水近, 且水力关系密切, 侧向补给来源大, 则矿坑排水量大, 反之则小; 三是与当地降水量、入渗系数大小、煤层深浅有直接的关系, 一般是开采煤层埋深浅, 降水量大, 入渗系数大, 降水可直接转化为矿坑水, 煤层开采后导水裂隙带影响到地面, 则矿井排水量就大, 且季节性变化明显, 即每年雨季7、8、9 月降水量大, 矿井排水也增加, 反之则小。 ( 2) 地质构造特征。地质构造对地下水、地面水起着重要的控制与导水作用, 局部也起着阻溢作用, 地质构造愈复杂, 断裂愈多, 开采煤层离断层愈近, 补给充分, 则排水量就愈大。反之构造简单, 开采煤层离断层愈远, 补给来源少, 则排水量愈小。 ( 3) 煤矿开采阶段。一是煤矿开采初期, 揭露的含水层相对多, 各含水层处于自然饱和状态, 含水性强, 随着开采面积的增大, 就会逐步发生顶板冒落, 勾通裂隙导水带, 煤系顶部含水层中地下水就会直接渗入矿坑。二是矿井开采进入中期, 由于一般不会大面积揭露新的含水层, 随着开采时间的增长, 含水层水位不断降低, 以矿井为中心的降落漏斗趋于稳定, 部分含水层由承压转为无压, 矿井排水量靠入渗量补给, 处于补、径、排平衡状态。三是矿井开采进入后期, 由于含水层部分被疏干, 导水裂隙带和节理裂隙逐步被充填, 地表入渗补给量逐步减少, 则矿井排水量逐步衰减。四是矿井开采进入末期( 停采) , 在其影响范围内, 矿坑排水变小或不排水。但由于煤系底部有隔水层存在,采空区逐步积水成为/ 地下水库0。4 煤矿开采地下水流失量的估算煤矿开采破坏了含水层, 会造成地下水的严重流失。根据采煤过程中排水量变化规律及影响矿坑排水量的因素等条件。可从动储量与静储量两个方面进行分析。一般情况下,