广州市八年级下英语Unit1同步教学

广 州 学 乐 教 育Unit1同步教学学生姓名 _ 就读年级 _ 授课老师 _ 授课日期 _ 教研院审核_作业布置1、学生上次作业评价： 好 较好 一般 差 备注：2、本次课后作业： 课堂小结 家长签字： 日期： 年 月 日Unit1 HelpingthoseinneedVoluntary workThree teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. They wrote the following reports. I did some voluntary work in a childrens hospital. The children there all suffer from serious illness. We organized a painting competition for them. I met a girl called Cindy. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. I went there and took some photos of it. Cindy used them for her painting. Betty There are many children without parents. I met some of these children with my mother. We taught them to tell stories. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends dont understand my pain.” We spent time with a girl called Vivien. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. She needs friendship. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien. Mark I wanted to help disabled children. They have difficulty walking or moving. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. I met a boy called Tim. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future.Annie重点单词的讲解1. raisev.筹集；提升；增加第三人称单数：raises过去式：raised过去分词：raised现在分词：raising搭配：raiseonesvoice提高嗓门； raiseafamily养家糊口；raisemoney筹款； raiseprice提高价格；raiseonesspirits打起精神 raise=keep有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：raisecattle=keepcattle（饲养牲口）和raisechildren（抚养孩子）辨析：raise,rise(rise-rose-risen)的区别(1)这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：Thesunrisesandbathestheearth.太阳升起，普照大地。(2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：ThepriceofTVsetshasbeenraisedrecently.最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）ThepriceofTVsetshasrisenrecently.最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）2. permissionn.=agreement准许；批准Writealettertotheheadteachertoaskpermissiontoraisemoney.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。同根词：permitv.=allowyoutodoit许可，准许；默许Theguardspermittedmetobringmycameraandtaperecorder.3. disabledadj.有伤残的；丧失能力的；不中用Itaughtdisabledchildrentosing.我教残疾的孩子唱歌。同根词：disablev.=make(sb.)unabletodosth.使无能力；使残废，使伤残Heisdisabledfromvoting.他失去了选举资格。enablev.=make(sb.)abletodosth.使（某人）能够做某事Thenewtestshouldenabledoctorstodetectthediseaseearly.新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。搭配：mentallydisabled有智力缺陷learningdisabilities学习障碍4. offerv.=bewillingtodosomething主动提出Peterofferedtoteachthemwater-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水。搭配：offeroneshand伸出友好的手offersb.sth.为某人提供某物Theyhaveofferedmealargesumofmoneytogoaway.他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费辨析：provide,offer的区别：provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于providesb.withsth.或providesth.forsb.的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.固定搭配中。例如：offersb.主动提出帮助某人；offersb.agoodsalary给某人一个好工资。Somehowshemanagedtoprovideherchildrenwithfoodandclothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。Heofferedmeaglassofwine.=Heofferedaglassofwinetome.他端给我一杯酒。5. illnessn.（某种）病Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根词：illadj.有病的（比较级：worse,最高级：worst）辨析：ill,sick的区别：ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说asickman或thesick,但不能说anillman或theill。例如：Sheisill/sickinbed.她卧病在床。Sheislookingafterhersickfather.她在照顾她生病的父亲。sick有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：Thesmellmakesmesick.这气味使我感到恶心。 ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如：Heisanillman.他是一个邪恶的人。6. organizev.组织Intheend,wealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster.最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。同根词：organizationn.组织；机构；团体Whatdoyouknowaboutourorganization?关于我们的组织你知道些什么？7. expressv.表达；表露Thishelpsthemexpresstheirfeelings.这有助于他们表达他们的情感。同根词：expressionn.表现，表示，表达；表情Shegaveexpressiontohersadness.她流露出了悲伤之情。8. lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的（比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest）Itfeltliketheloneliestplaceintheworld.感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。辨析：lonely,alone的区别： alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。alone还可以作副词。aloneadv.单独；独自Shewenthomealone. =Shewenthomebyherself.她独自回家去了。Theoldmanlivesinalonelytown,helivesalonebuthedoesntfeellonely.这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。9. friendshipn.友情；友谊同根词：friendn.朋友复数：friends.Ihadalongtalkaboutthiswithmybestfriend.friendlyadj.友好的Roberthasafriendlyrelationshipwithhiscustomers.罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。friendlinessn.友善Shealsolovesthefriendlinessofthepeople.她也喜欢人们的友善。10. difficultyn.=benotabletodosomethingeasily困难；费劲Thecountryisfacinggreateconomicdifficulties.该国正面临巨大的经济困难。同根词：difficultadj.=hardtodo困难的Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.那孩子正经历困难的阶段。搭配：havedifficulty(in)doingsomething做有困难Ihadnodifficulty(in)makingmyselfunderstood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。indifficulty/difficulties处境困难Thebankisindifficulty/difficulties.这家银行处境困难。11. joyn.=afeelingofgreathappiness愉快；喜悦Itaughtthemtosingbecausemusiccanbringthemjoyandpeace.我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。同根词：joyfuln.快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的Hewasexcitedandjoyfulatthesuccess.他因成功而激动欣喜。搭配：toonesjoy令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是Toherjoyhersonwaspermittedtoakeyuniversity.12. peacen.平静；宁静theNobelPeacePrize诺贝尔和平奖OnemorequestionandIllleaveyouinpeace.再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。同根词：peacefuladj.和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的Eveninginthecountryisaverypeacefultime.乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。13. hurtv.=injure使疼痛；受伤Timhurthislegsinanaccident,buthehaslotsofcourage.提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。同根词：hurtadj.受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的Theydidnotseemtobebadlyhurt.他们看起来没有受重伤。搭配：hurtoneself受伤Haveyouhurtyourself?你伤着自己了吗？14. couragen.勇气；勇敢Heshowedgreatcourageanddetermination.他表现得十分勇敢和果断。同根词：encouragev.鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动MyEnglishteacheroftenencouragesustoreadEnglishaloud.我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。搭配：takeonescourageinbothhands鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为Takinghercourageinbothhands,sheopenedthedoorandwalkedin.她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。courageinthefaceofdanger面对危险时的胆量15. payv.付款；偿还Wepaid35foreachticket.我们每张票付了35英镑。同根词：payn.工资；薪水；报答Theycomplainedabouttheirpayandconditions.他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。搭配：payoff偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额 payfor为付款payattentionto注意 payavisitto去参观，拜访辨析：spend,take,cost和pay的用法区别：take,spend,cost,pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1) spendtime/moneyonsth.在上花费时间（金钱）。例如：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3) spendmoneyforsth.花钱买例如：Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了。cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：(1) sth.costs(sb.)+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如：Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.(2) (doing)sth.costs(sb.)+时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如：Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：(1) Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。(2) doingsth.takessb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修车。pay的基本用法是：(1) pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱（给某人）买例如：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英镑的房租。(2) payforsth.付的钱例如：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3) payforsb.替某人付钱例如：Dontworry!Illpayforyou.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4) paysb.付钱给某人例如：Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。(5) paymoneyback还钱例如：MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?Illpayitbacknextweek.(6) payoffonesmoney还清钱。cost某物价值多少元Thebookcosts2yuan.那本书2元钱spend某人花费多少元Wespend2yuanbuyingthebook.我们花费2元买那本书。注意：cost的主语是物（某物花费了多少），spend的主语是人（某人花费了多少）。sth.costsb.somemoneysb.spendsomemoney/timeonsth./(in)doingsth.ThecarcosthimaroundtenthousandUSdollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。Theerrorcostthecompanyonemillionpounds.这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。spend主语只能是人，表示“在上花费了”Ispent$100onthebike.我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。TheyspentthreemonthstouringEurope.他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。总结：take一般用it作主语，例如：ittakessb.sometimetodosth.spend一般是人作主语，例如：Ispendanhourfinishingmyhomework.cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：Thebookcost200yuan.pay一般是人作主语，例如：Ipaylotsofmoneyforbooks.学习语法 【专题讲】非谓语动词动词不定式的用法英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。一、 一些动词常接动词不定式作宾语，如want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare等。例：Iliketogooutforwalksinthewarmsunshineinspring.Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace,forshefeelstired.Idecidetoworkhardandgetdoctorsdegree.注：有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：（1） stoptodosth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事（2） goontodosth.做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；goondoingsth.继续做同一件事（3） remember/forgettodosth.记住忘记去做某事；remember/forgetdoingsth.记得忘记做过某事二、 不定式结构中，不定式前加一个疑问代词（what,which,who,whom,whose）或疑问副词（where,when,how,why），以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,learn,remember,think,understand,wonder等。例：Icouldntdecidewhichbooktochoose.Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.TheyfoundithardtodecidewhethertogoswimmingnextSundayortovisitAuntSallyinNewYear.三、 有些动词，如tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.结构。例：Heaskedyoutocallhimattenoclock.Idneverallowmychildrentobehavelikethat.注意：动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listento,hear)，三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。另有口诀帮助记忆：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”(let不用于被动语态)例：Wheneversomethingiswrongwithyou,pleaseletmeknow.IwillhavethestudentswriteapassageaboutInternet.四、 动词不定式还可表目的例：Inhisthirdyear，heleftHarvardtoworkforacompanycalledMicrosoft.在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。课堂练习Multiplechoices1.LastsummerItookacourseon_.A.howtomakedresses B.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedresses D.howdressestobemade2.-Wheredidhego? -Hewenttoanotherstore_.A.tobuypencils B.forbuyingpencilsC.buypencils D.buyingpencils3.-Doyougetsomeone_yourclothes?-Yes,Ioftenhavethem_.A.wash;washed B.towash;washed C.washing;wash D.washed;washing4.Robertoftenasksus_hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphim B.tohelphim C.tohelpwith D.helpshimwith5.Theyve_upto20,000yuanfortheHopeProject.A.rose B.raise C.raised D.risen6.-TheT-shirtlooksniceonyou.Howmuchdoesit_?-Ijust_tendollarsforit.A.take;afforded B.cost;paid C.cost;spent7.Hisgrandparentslive_inasmallhouse,buttheydontfeel_.A.lonely;alone B.alone;lonely C.lonely;lonely D.alone;alone8.Cancerpatientssuffer_greatpainwhentheyaredying.A./ B.from C.of D.for9.Hestartedearly_gettherebeforenine.A.inorderthatB.becauseC.soastoD.inorderto10.Icaughtthe_fromyou.A.disease B.illness C.sickness D.illFillintheblackwiththeproperwordslearnedinUnit1.Thefirstletterofeachwordhasalreadybeengiven.1.Theycannotleavethecountrywithoutp_.2.Sincehisparentsdiedearly,hehadtoearnhisownlivingwhenhewasat_.3.WorldP_isimportantforeverycountry.4.Spendingeveningsoutsideisoneofthej_ofsummer.5.Icannote_toyouhowgratefulIam.6.Someoneo_10,000poundsforanoldcar.7.Nop_,nogains.8.Shefelldownthestairsandh_herleg.9.Theywillo_aBridgeClub.10.Shetakesgoodcareofherd_father.Completethefollowingsentences.1.当人们需要帮助的时候，你是否经常主动提供帮助？Doyouoftenoffertohelppeoplewhentheyare_help?2.你常头痛吗？Doyouoften_headaches?3.为了得到个好座位，她到得很早。Shearrivedearly_getagoodseat.4.我们在选择剧目上有一些困难。We_choosingtheplay.一、必记单词。1.筹募；增加；提高v 2.准许，批准n 3.丧失能力的；有残疾的adj 4.青少年n 5.主动提出v 6.受苦；受折磨v 7.严重的 8.（某种）病n 9.组织v 10.表达v 11.痛苦n 12.孤独的，寂寞的 13.友情 14.困难，费劲 15.愉快，喜悦n 16.平静，宁静n 17.(使)疼痛，受伤v 18.勇气，勇敢n 19.情绪，心境n 20.付费v 二、常考短语。1.残疾人 2.筹钱 3.主动提出做某事 4.为某人提供某物 5.因受苦难 6.拍照片 7.讲故事 8.教某人做某事 9.需要帮助的 10.义务性工 11.报请批准 12.使振奋 13.目的在于；为了 14.做某事有困难 15.继续做某事 16.某人需要做某事 17.一个叫做玛丽的女孩 三、单项选择。1.Thekidsoffered thedishes.A.doB.todoC.doingD.does2.Welcometoourhotel!Ihopeyoullhaveagoodtime yourstayhere.A.afterB.withC.duringD.since3.Weare moneyforcharity.A.puttingB.givingC.risingD.raising4.Manycompaniessuffer ashortageofskilledworkers.A.fromB.atC.toD.for5.Ialwaystellmystudents ontheroadbecauseitsdangerous.A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.playingnot6.Hewas ,buthewasnot .A.alone,aloneB.lonely,lonelyC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone7.Shehadalotofdifficulty thatbook.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads8.Takingher inbothhands,sheopenedthedoorandwalkedin.A.loveB.courageC.confidenceD.care9.Timusedto sportsuntilhehurthislegsinanaccident.A.loveB.lovesC.lovingD.loved10.Icouldntdoit yourgreathelp.Thanksalot!A.withB.withoutC.forD.to11.Daisyissuchagooddaughterthatshe mostofhersparetimewithherparents.A.spendsB.costsC.takesD.affords12.Thelittleboy hisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.A.lentB.tookC.offeredD.brought13.DoyouknowthattheEarthishometo animals?A.millionB.millionsofC.millionsD.millionof14. -Thankyouforhelpingmesomuch!- A.DontthankmeB.AllrightC.DontsaysoD.Yourewelcome15.-TheT-shirtlooksniceonyou!Howmuchdoesit ?-Ijust tendollarsforit.A.take,affordB.cost,paidC.cost,spentD.cost,cost四、用单词的适当形式填空。1.Inorder (learn)Japanese,hewenttoJapan.2.Daminghasgreatdifficulty (speak)English.3. (help)othersmakesme (happily)4.Doyouknowthegirl (name)Mary?5.Shenzhenhasapopulationofoverten (million).6.Mymotheroftenteache