【优化方案】高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型专题突破 二 阅读理解 第三讲 推理判断题课件.ppt

第三讲推理判断题,专题二阅读理解,推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题,解答此类试题要从整体上把握语篇内容,在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理,透过字里行间,去体会作者的“弦外之音”。具体来说，针对不同的推理判断题，寻找线索时要使用不同的方法。比如，推断观点态度时，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词；推断写作目的时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排；推断文章出处时，要抓住各段的段落大意和文章的中心思想；推断人物性格时，一定要注意准确把握文章字里行间的意思，特别要注意表达主观态度和个人观点的词语。,推理判断题常见的命题形式：1Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat_2Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat_3Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_4Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?5Whatisthewritersattitudetowards.?6Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthe.paragraph?,1细节推断题细节推断题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断。,(2015高考天津卷，阅读理解D，节选)Boldnessawillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextremeisnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely，therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife；boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.,54WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?_AConfidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.BTryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless.CRepeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.DBoldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.【解析】推理判断题。第五段首句提到勇敢大胆并不是一夜之间就能形成的素质，所以D项所述“勇敢大胆可以被逐步获得”符合题干要求。文中没有提到成年人培养自信心会更快，故A项错误；根据第五段末句可以得知，努力了但是失败了的人要比没有付出努力却成功的人更强大，故B项错误；C项“反复失败能创造更加美好的生活”为错误观点。,D,方法点津避免只见局部，不见整体对于细节推断类试题来说，考生要依据文章中的客观信息或内在的逻辑关系进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断、引申和概括,从而得出合理的结论。要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌片面思考，只见局部，不见整体，得出片面结论。,2文章来源或读者对象推断题推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识,这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。比如考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。,Lakelander2hoursagoToday，amantalkedveryloudonhisphoneonatrainbetweenMalvernandReading，makingmanypassengersupset.IwonderhowhewouldreactifIweretoreadmynewspaperoutloudonthetrain.Ihaveneverhadthecouragetodoit，though.,Pak5057minutesagoWhynotgiveitatry？Perhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalinstrument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrainissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused，hetookouthisFrenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractise.,AngieOEdema42minutesagoIdontseehowmusicalinstrumentscanhelpimprovemannersinpublic.Dontdotootherswhatyouwouldntliketobedonetoyourself.Once，apassengernexttometalkedoutloudonhismobilephone.Ileftmyseatquietly，givinghimsomeprivacytofinishhisconversation.Herealisedthisandapologisedtome.Whenhisphonerangagainlater，helefthisseattoanswerit.Yousee，abitofrespectandcooperationcandothejobbetter.,Taodas29minutesagoIdidreadmynewspaperoutloudonatrain，anditturnedoutwell.Theguytookitingoodpart，andwechattedhappilyallthewaytoEdinburgh.,Sophie7613minutesagoIhavenottriedreadingmynewspaperoutloudonatrain，but，severalyearsago，IreadsomechaptersfromHarryPottertomyboredandnoisychildren.SeveralpassengersseemedtoappreciatewhatIdid.,47Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?_AAwebpage.BAnewspaper.CAnovel.DAreport.【解析】推理判断题。从全文的风格，尤其是每个帖子中的时间提示部分，可以看出本文最有可能摘自网页。,A,方法点津如何解答文章来源类试题对于推断文章来源类试题，考生首先要弄清楚文章的中心话题是什么，文章中讨论的是哪些方面的问题。在解答此类试题时要注意：1.先通读文章，判断文章的中心话题；2.再仔细研读试题，把文章的中心话题归纳到话题范围之内，然后使用排除法，这样问题就很容易解决了。,3写作意图推断题写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。,(2015高考福建卷，阅读理解D，节选)Lifecanbesowonderful，fullofadventureandjoy.Itcanalsobefullofchallenges，setbacks(挫折)andheartbreaks.Whateverourcircumstances，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesiresthatlittlesomethingmorewewantforourselvesandourlovedones.Yetknowingwecanhavemorecanalsocreateaproblem，becausewhenwegotochangethewaywedothings，upcometheoldpatternsandpitfalls(陷阱)thatstoppedusfromseekingwhatwewantedinthefirstplace.,Thistensionbetweenwhatwefeelwecanhaveandwhatwereseeminglyabletohaveistheniggling(烦人的)suffering，theanxietywefeel.Thisiswhereweusuallythinkitseasiertojustgiveup.Butwerenevermeanttoletgoofthepartofusthatknowswecanhavemore.Theintelligencebehindthatknowingisustherealus.Itsthepartthatbelievesinlifeanditspossibilities.Ifyoudropthat，youbegintofeelalittle“dead”insidebecauseyouredropping“you”So，ifwehavethiscapabilitybutsomehowlifeseemstokeepusstuck，howdowebreakthesepatterns?,Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.Thisisgoodadviceforanewadventureorjustgettingthroughtodayschallenges.While，deepdown，weknowwecandoit，ourmindorthemindsofthoseclosetoususuallysayswecant.Thatisntareasontostop，itsjustthemind，thatlittlemanorwomanonyourshoulder，tryingtotalkyououtofsomethingagain.Ithasdoneitmanytimesbefore.Itsallaboutstartingsimpleanddoingitnow.Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle，orlarge，releasefromthejailofyourmindandyoullbeonyourway.,71Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?_AItseasierthanwethinktogetwhatwewant.BItsimportanttolearntoacceptsufferingsinlife.CItsimpracticaltochangeourwayofthinking.DItsharderthanweexpecttofollowanewcourse.【解析】写作意图题。作者在文中一直建议我们要打破思想束缚，不要因盲目听从与我们关系亲密的人的意见而轻易放弃自己的理想。只要我们觉得时机成熟就要果断地采取行动，这样我们才能迎接挑战，得到我们想要的。,A,方法点津如何解答写作意图推断题在此类推理判断试题中，由于有一些干扰项，试题会有一定的难度，这时考生一定要注意以下两点：1.要站在作者的角度去仔细思考推断，要善于揣摩作者的思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合，切忌加入自己主观片面的想法和想象；2.如果选项很相似难以判断时，切记文章中出现过的句子通常不可能是答案。,4态度倾向推断和评述性推断题态度倾向推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。态度倾向推断题的选项一般含有以下三类词：(1)中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)等;(2)褒义词：positive(积极的)，disinterested(无私的),supportive(支持的)，enthusiastic(热情的),admiring(赞赏的),humorous(滑稽有趣的)等；(3)贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，impassive(无动于衷的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)，negative(否定的,消极的),disappointed(失望的)等。,(2015高考全国卷，阅读理解B，节选)ThefreezingNortheasthasntbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter，sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota，Florida，mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine.”IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C)，thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair，Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend，butthebestpartparticularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcoldweatherroot,vegetableswasa7am.adventuretotheSarasotafarmersmarketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywakeupcall.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight，myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrownsGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty，anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton，whereluckilyformeIwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu，IknewIdbeorderingeverytomatoonit.,24.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?_AExciting.BBoring.CRelaxing.DAnnoying.【解析】推理判断题。由第一段中的ThefreezingNortheasthasntbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter和dulledbymonthsofcoldweatherrootvegetables可知，作者厌倦了纽约的冬天，因为那里根本没有乐趣，同时也厌倦了冬天的根茎蔬菜，所以可以推断出作者认为纽约的冬天是令人厌烦、枯燥和单调的。故选B项。A项exciting,B,“令人兴奋的”,显然与作者真实的感受相反;C项relaxing“令人放松的”，文中体现不出作者明显的放松情绪；annoying“令人恼怒的”，作者只是感觉“枯燥、单调”，并非“恼怒”。,方法点津如何解答作者态度推断题作者的情感态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词语之中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。具体来说：1.正确把握文章字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点；2.要特别留意那些描写环境气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语；3.结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来推断。,5预测推断题有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行推理。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的推测。常见的命题形式有：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if.?Attheendofthispassage，thewritermightcontinuetowrite_Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthe.paragraph?,SnowfallsintheearthsextremeNorthandSouththroughouttheyear.However，theheaviestsnowfallshavebeenreportedinthemountainsofotherareasduringwinter.Snowisevenknowntofallneartheequator(赤道)，butonlyonthehighestmountains.Muchofthewatertheworldusescomesfromsnow.Meltingsnowprovideswaterforrivers，electricpowerstationsandagriculturalcrops.IntheWesternUnitedStates，mountainsnowprovidesuptoseventyfivepercentofallsurfacewatersupplies.,Snowfallshelptoprotectplantsandsomewildanimalsfromsnowweather.Freshsnowismadelargelyofairtrappedamongthesnowcrystals(晶体)Becausetheairhastroublemoving，themovementofheatislimited.Snowalsoinfluencesthemovementofsoundwaves.Thesurfaceofthesnowtakesin，orabsorbs，soundwaves.Assnowgrowsolderoriftherehavebeenstrongwinds，itcanbehardandflat.Then，thesnowssurfacewillhelptosendbacksoundwaves.Snowmaybebeautiful，butitcanbedeadly.Itisresponsibleforthedeathsofhu