第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册U10 The Challengi.doc

New Horizon College ( Second Edition ) Book Three Unit 10Unit Ten Section A The Challenging Friend I Didnt KnowTeaching Objectives: 1.To understand the special friendship between some people;2.To practice the vocabulary and the useful expressions;3.To learn to write a paragraph of comparison and contrast;4.To improve the students reading skills5.To learn to deal with denotation and connotation6.To improve the listening skillsBackground InformationRobert Taylorl Robert Taylor was an American actor who was born in 1911 and died in 1969. He made his first film appearance in 1934. Early in his career, he was known as “ the man with the perfect profile.” one of his first major films was Camille 茶花女(1936), playing opposite Greta Garbo, and Waterloo Bridge魂断蓝桥(1940)l 罗伯特泰勒（Robert Taylor 1911-1969），1911年出生于美国，曾主演影片茶花女、魂断蓝桥等。其他主要作品：茶花女(1937)、魂断蓝桥(1940)、豪华的荡妇(1936)、幸运之夜(1939)、新婚浩劫(1946)等。 只要提起魂断蓝桥这部令人失魂断肠的美国影片，中国观众就会想起那个美丽动人的悲剧故事，想起那位男主角留漂亮小胡子、手握司迪克，帅得不能再帅的青年军官；他就是由好莱坞四十年代的票房巨星、银幕俊男罗伯特泰勒饰演的。 罗伯特原名斯潘格勒艾灵顿布洛。艾灵顿是罗伯特泰勒的母亲非常喜欢的一部浪漫小说中男主角的名字，于是当她生下长子时便为其取名为艾灵顿。可见，罗伯特泰勒一生下来就是个浪漫的种子。罗伯特泰勒是在大学里演出舞台剧时被米高梅影片公司的星探发现的，随即和米高梅签订了长达十七年的合约。很快，他就成为与克拉克盖博齐名的浪漫派偶像，征服了成千上万的女性影迷。可是，当人们坐在影院里，被他那富有磁性的嗓音所感染时，绝不会想到他幼时竟是个害羞的、口吃的男孩。罗伯特的MGM生涯并不一帆风顺，先后被出借给FOX公司，和环球公司拍片。早年影片中的他，被塑造成有着雕塑般完美侧面的英俊小生，大有颠倒众生的瓦伦蒂诺式美感，遗憾的是，批评家对于英俊小生的态度远比影迷来得苛刻，在评价他的演技时，总不忘对他英俊歧视一番；罗伯特选择了沉默，但没有选择遗忘，在茶花女与魂断蓝桥两部影片中，他不动声色的做出了最有力的回击。 虽然魂断蓝桥红遍世界，但罗伯特最完美的一次亮相，却是在茶花女中。交际花在人群中寻找未来恩主，一位衣着得体，背影挺立的青年，缓缓呈现了一个优美雅致的转身，带出一抹明媚动人的微笑，眼神里溢满温柔迷雾，那句“真希望是他”，道出了所有女影迷们的心声。为了令罗伊专情恋人的形象更具说服力，魂断蓝桥里罗伯特蓄了须，使得他在风流潇洒外又增添了成熟魅力，30-40年代，他成为了女影迷们的梦中情人。由于罗伯特泰勒太受女性青睐，电影公司认为只有那些风姿卓绝的美女才能在银幕上与他相配，从珍哈洛、葛丽泰嘉宝到艾娃嘉纳和伊丽莎白泰勒，他的女搭挡都是当时最令人着迷的银幕女神。那么，他的票房怎能不高?罗伯特泰勒在银幕上风流倜傥，银幕下的私生活却非常纯朴严肃，没有太多的花边新闻供人闲聊。他结过二次婚，第一次和芭芭拉史坦威克，第二次和欧苏拉迪斯。罗伯特泰勒于1969年因肺癌不幸逝世，享年57岁。Winston Churchill 丘吉尔(1874-1965，英国前首相）l Winston Churchill (1874-1965)was former Prime Minister of Britain. At the out break of the Second World War, he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. In May, 1940, he became Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and remained in office until 1945. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in1953.Sir Winston Churchill(1874-1965)was a combination of soldier. writer, artist,and statesman, renowned for his courage,imagination,oratory and intellect.In World War2 he served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and played a leading role in the resistance against German domination of Europe.温斯顿 丘吉尔(1874-1965)是一个集战士,作家,艺术家,政治家于一身的人.他以勇气,想象力,雄辩和智慧而闻名.在第二次世界大战时期从1940年到1945年间担任英国首相并且在反抗德国统治欧洲的斗争中扮演了主要角色.l 温斯顿伦纳德斯宾塞丘吉尔爵士（Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill，1874年11月30日1965年1月24日），政治家、画家、演说家、作家以及记者，1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主，曾于19401945年及19511955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，带领英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。被公认为世界上掌握单词词汇量最多的人(5万多)。温斯顿伦纳德斯潘塞丘吉尔是20世纪最负盛名的英国资产阶级政治家，是大英帝国利益的坚决捍卫者他为大英帝国的利益奋斗了一生丘吉尔出身于贵族家庭，从小受到典型的英国式教育他曾三考军校，最后毕业于桑赫斯特皇家军事学院丘吉尔参加了英国在古巴、印度、苏丹、南非的殖民战争，并于1900年当选为下院议员，加入保守党，从此开始了他漫长的政治生涯1906年，32岁的丘吉尔首次入阁，先后担任了殖民副大臣、商务大臣、内政大臣等职第一次世界大战期间，他担任过海军大臣、军需大臣，当时，他积极鼓吹把俄国新生的苏维埃政权“掐死在摇蓝里”1924年到1929年，丘吉尔担任财政大臣时，咒骂罢工工人是“民族的敌人”第二次世界大战爆发以后，丘吉尔重新担任海军大臣，并于1940年5月到1945年7月出任首相兼国防大臣二战期间，他领导英国人民坚决抗战，挽救民族危亡，为争取世界反法西斯战争的胜利作出了不可磨灭的贡献战后他到美国发表“冷战”演说，并力图加强英国在世界事务中的作用1951年，77岁的丘吉尔再次出任保守党政府首相，但那时他已力不从心，无法阻止大英殖民帝国的崩溃，4年后，他辞职退休1963年4月9日，丘吉尔在接受美国“荣誉公民”称号时发表书面讲话，回顾了自己所走过的路程他说：“我曾取得过很多成就，但到头来却是一场空”1965年1月初，丘吉尔因患感冒而卧床不起，15日因脑溢血而昏迷，24日逝世，享年91岁1月30日，英国为他举行了隆重的国葬丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，而且还是一位著名的演说家和作家青年时他著有马拉坎德远征史、河上战争等，成名之后他的著作有第二次世界大战回忆录(6卷)、英语民族史(4卷)、世界危机(4卷)、马尔巴罗的生平与时代(4卷)等由于第二次世界大战回忆录等历史著作和演说，丘吉尔曾在1953年获得诺贝尔文学奖glocestershire 格洛斯特郡英国英格兰西部的郡。在塞文河口的东北方。面积2，643平方公里。人口52.1万（1991）。首府格洛斯特。东部为科茨沃尔德丘陵，中部为塞文河谷地，西部为迪恩林区（1939年已辟为国家公园）。塞文河流贯西部。经济以农业为主，塞文河谷地乳、肉畜牧业发达，也是大麦、小麦与水果（特别是苹果、梨、梅）的产区。主要工业有木材加工、纸张、车厢、飞机、毛纺织和化学等。有原子能电站。主要城市还有布里斯托尔、社克斯伯里等。英国分英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四部分。英格兰划分为43个郡，苏格兰下设29个区和3个特别管辖区，北爱尔兰下设26个区，威尔士下设22个区。苏格兰、威尔士议会及其行政机构全面负责地方事务，外交、国防、总体经济和货币政策、就业政策以及社会保障等仍由中央政府控制。此外，英国还有12个海外属地。郡-目前英国等其他国家也采有称为“郡”的行政区划，但含义与我国的“郡”不尽相同。英国的郡 (County) 是县一级的行政单位，一般由数个中心城市和其他小城镇组成。Warm-up Questions / ActivitiesProverbs on “friend”l 1. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。l 2. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。 l 3. A man is known by his friends.什么人交什么朋友。 l 4 A friend is never known till a man has need.需要之时方知友。l 5. He that lies down (sleeps) with dogs must rise up with fleas. 与恶人交终会变恶。/近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 what is friend?A Friend is a TreasureA friend is someone we turn to,when our spirits need a lift.A friend is someone we treasure,for our friendship is a gift.A friend is someone who fills our lives,with beauty, joy and grace.And make the world we live in,a better and happier place.A friend is someone you can count on, someone you are comfortable with, someone still with you when you are down, someone who is willing to give and be given, .Friend is someone who you spend most of time with.Friend is someone who youcare aboutandalways think of no matter what u do or where u are.Friend is someone you can trust with all of your heart.Friend is someone who can keep our secret and laugh with all the joke.:Friend also is .Friend is a Trash can which U throw every bad thing in.Friend is a Big Diary where U canwrite downall the memory.Friend is a tissue paper (a big big roll) which always wipe away all of tears.Friend is someone who I cant live without.Friend is Family.who hav no blood relation.A Friend is . 朋友就是 . Accepts you as you are 接受原本的你 Believes in you 相信你这个人 Calls you just to say Hi 打电话给你就是想说声嗨 Doesnt give up on you 从不放弃对你的信心 Envisions the whole of you 预期你总是尽全力 Forgives your mistakes 原谅你的过错 Gives unconditionally 无条件地过错 Helps you 帮助你 Invites you over 邀请你 Just be with you 静静地在你的身旁 Keeps you close at heart 靠近你的心 Loves you for who you are 因你原来的样子而爱你 Makes a difference in your life 使你的生活与以往不同 Never judges 不间断 Offers support 支持你 Picks you up 扶你一把 Quiets your fears 止息你的惧怕 Raises your spirits 鼓舞你的心灵 Says nice things about you 跟别人述说你好的那一面 Tells you the truth when you need to hear it 当需要时会告诉你实情 Understands you 懂你 Values you 看重你 Walks beside you 与你同行 X-plain things you dont understand 解你的疑惑 Yells when you wont listen and 在你听不下时会大吼一下 Zaps you back to reality 把你拉回现实! Text Structure Analysis: The author dealt with it by employing the major writing technique comparison and contrast. To achieve a desired effect, the writer began with the background for comparisons by telling about the similarities between the two boys. Then comparisons and contrasts were made through the line of time sequence. And eventually he revealed the truth of all this. So the text can be divided into five parts, as shown below: Para. 1-2 Background information about the story.Para. 3-7 Comparisons and contrasts in the different stages of their lives.Para.8 Transitional part: both of them retired and met.Para.9-12 For the first time, they exchanged what they thought of each other before.Para.13 It dawned on them that their Aunt Carries well-intentioned comparisons between them were of great help. Words and Expressions:Para. 11.( L2 )shape(v.) influence, mold, formIt was the Greeks who shaped the thinking of Western man. 2.( L3 ) be responsible for: being the causeJournalists are not only responsible for transmitting information, but they also serve as a bridge between the government and the people3.( L3 ) handicap n. 1). C a disadvantage that prevents sb. from doing sth. well 障碍；不利条件 Not being able to drive is quite a handicap if you live in the country.你如果住在农村而不会开车，的确是一种缺陷。 His lack of height has not been a handicap to him. He is as good an athlete as anyone else in the school.他身高不够对他并不是一种不利，和学校的任何人相比，他同样是个好运动员。 2.) C a disability of the body or mind 残疾；缺陷 Blindness is a great handicap.失明是一种严重的残疾。 We help people with mental or physical handicaps to find work.我们帮助有心理和身体残疾的人找工作。 Para. 24.( L5 ) As well as “还有”、“不但而且”在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在 A，不在 B。He can speak Spanish as well as English他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语.She sings as well as playing the piano. 她不但会弹钢琴，而且会唱歌。Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 海伦和我一样急于要看演出。I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。5. ( L5)authority n. 1. U the power to make decisions or tell people what to do 权力；权威；威信 He enjoys exercising his authority over his staff.他喜欢对自己的职员指手画脚。 He is a noted authority on English literature. 2. (the ties) the people or organizations that are in charge of a country or area当局；官方 Cases of the illness must be reported to the health authority.有这种病例出现必须向卫生当局报告。 The authorities in Spain have refused to allow him to enter the country.西班牙当局拒绝他入境。 6. ( L6 ) be free with be generous with something慷慨使用He has never been free with his money. 他花钱从不大手大脚。He is free with his time when helping others. 他从来不吝啬自己的时间帮助他人。 7.( L7 ) misdoing n. C a wrong act; a mistake 错事；失误 He said he would not repent of his misdoings.他说他不后悔他做错的事。 One has to pay for his or her misdoings.人应该为自己的失误付出代价。 8.( L7 ) drawback n. C a disadvantage 缺点；不足 High house prices are one major drawback to economic growth.房价高是阻碍经济发展的一大弊端。 One of the major drawbacks of being famous is the lack of privacy.做名人的一大缺陷是没有了隐私。 9.( L8 ) invariably ad. always 总是；始终 The trains here are invariably punctual.这里的火车一向准时。 He was panicking; and panic invariably leads to mistakes.他惊慌了，而惊慌总是导致犯错。 10.( L9 )refer to use a particular word, expression, or name to mention or describe sth. or sb. 涉及(指的是,提作,参考,适用于)It is appropriate to refer to reading as a game. . 称阅读为游戏是恰当的。If you dont know what this means, refer to the dictionary. Para. 310 ( L11) be aware of 11. ( L12) clarity n. U clearness, esp. the quality of being easy to understand 清晰；清楚；易懂 The clarity of his writing style makes his books a pleasure to read.他清晰的写作风格使得他的书读起来很愉快。 This technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-rays.较之传统的X射线，这种技术提供的清晰度高多了。 12.( L14 )take to (L14)begin to like sb. or sth.; start doing sth. as a habit喜欢上He has taken to listening to light music while reading. 他习惯了边读书边听轻音乐。Im not sure if hell take to the idea. 我不敢肯定他是否喜欢这个主意。Charles was an odd character whom Kelly had never really taken to. 查尔斯这人很古怪，克利从来没有真正喜欢过他。I took to her the moment I met her. Para.413.( L17 )deal with处理,涉及,对付,讨论,与打交道The President had to quit his job for he wasnt able to deal with the crisis. 14.( L17 ) cruise vi. 1. do sth. well and easily 轻松做到 Others cruised to an easy victory, including 93-year-old John.其他人轻松地取得了胜利，包括93岁的约翰。 We saw him cruise through with a 6-2 win.我们看到他以6比2取胜。 2. sail in a ship for pleasure 乘船巡游 Were planning to spend our holidays cruising around the world.我们计划乘船环游世界。 During your trip, you can cruise along the Seine and see the famous sights of Paris.旅行期间，你可以乘船沿着塞纳河游览，观赏巴黎的名胜。 15.( L17 ) cruise through achieve success easily in a race, game, or competition （比赛中）轻松取胜 To the coachs delight, his team cruised through the match. 令教练高兴的是，他带的队轻松地赢得了比赛。 While other students find the exam difficult, he simply cruised through and got good marks.其他学生觉得考试很难,而他轻轻松松就得了高分。16. ( L18 ) practically ad. almost 几乎，差不多 The two designs were practically identical.这两个设计几乎完全一样。 Its practically impossible to predict what will happen.几乎不可能预测会发生什么事。 17. ( L18 ) slam v. 1. hit or attack sb. or sth. with a lot of force 使劲打；猛击 All 155 passengers died when the plane slammed into the mountain.飞机撞向山时，155名乘客全部遇难。 He staggered, his back slamming against the wall.他走路摇摇晃晃的，背撞到墙上。 2. shut a door, etc. with a loud noise 把.砰地关上 He slammed my letter on the table and stormed out.他将我的信摔在桌上，跑了出去。 She was so angry; she slammed the phone down on him.她很生气，砰地一声挂断了他的来电。 18. ( L18 ) percentage n. C, U an amount stated as if it is part of a whole which is 100 百分比，百分率 Please express your answer as a percentage.请以百分比的形式回答问题。 A relatively small number of questions on percentages were used in the tests.用在试卷上就百分数提出的问题，数量比较小。 19. ( L19 ) dread vt. feel afraid or worried about sth. 害怕；担心 She dreaded having to tell him what had happened.她很怕告诉他所发生的事。 I dread to think what will happen if she finds out.我不敢去想她一旦发现后会出什么事。 I dread thinking what might happen if he gets elected.我不敢去想要是他被选上了会怎么样。n. sing. U fear of sth. bad that might happen 害怕；畏惧 His voice was filled with dread and fear.他的声音里充满了担心和恐惧。 He lived in dread of the same thing happening to him one day.他惶惶不可终日，担心总有一天会遇上同样的事情。 Para.520. (L24 )work at 从事于,致力于,钻研If you work at it hard enough, you can grind an iron rod into a needle. 21.( L21) by word of mouth by speaking and not by writing 口头地 The orders were passed on by word of mouth. 这些命令是口头传达的。 Much of this information is picked up by word of mouth from previous students. 很多信息是从以前的学生那里听来的。 22. (L22 )leap out从.跃出，跳出 引人注意His name leapt out at me from the newspaper. 23.( L22 )keep up to date with inform someone of all the most recent news and changes in a situation 使某人知道有关某事的最新消息Our magazine will keep you up to date with fashion. 我们的杂志能让你了解最新时尚。He asked to be kept up to date with the progress of the plan. 他要求了解计划进展的最新情况。Keep your parents up to date with how you are doing in the US. 要让父母知道你在美国的新情况。Para 624.( L28) tell of 描述 讲述The author tell of the godlike courage of a young MAN. 作家描述了一位青年的神圣的勇气。25. ( L31 ) altitude n. C the height above sea level 海拔高度 We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres.我们目前正在海拔一万五千米的高空飞行。 Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes.登山者在到达高海拔地区时使用氧气。 attitude,态度 altitude,高度，海拔，高位 latitude,纬度 aptitude秉性，天赋，才能 Para 726.( L33 ) in the press 在报刊上；新闻界She was pilloried in the press for her extravagant parties. 她的聚会十分铺张，新闻界对她大加嘲弄。27.( L37 ) harness vt. control and use a natural force to do sth. 治理；利用 The local government decided to harness the river to generate electricity.当地政府决定利用河水发电。 We harness the suns rays as a source of energy.我们利用太阳光作为能源。 The cashier died in harness. 出纳员以身殉职。28. ( L38) bureau n. C a government department or a part of it 局；司；署 Her disappearance was reported to the police departments Missing Persons Bureau.人们将她的失踪报告给了警察部门的失踪人员处。 The weather bureau promised a sunny weekend.气象局报告周末天晴。 29. ( L39 )Line an area of interest, activity, or workShe is in the line of insurance. 她从事保险业。Thats not really in my line of business. 那的确不属于我的业务范围.30.( L39 ) streak n. 1. C (a of) a series of 一系列 a streak of good luck一连串的好运 2. C a part of ones character that is different from the rest of their character 个性；特征 She has a streak of selfishness in her.她生性有点自私。 Her stubborn streak makes her very difficult to work with sometimes.她固执的个性使得有时和她一起工作十分困难。 He disappeared round the corner like a streak of lightning. Para 831. ( L42 )look round基本等同于 look around/about 四处看看，四下环顾32.( L44 )with more than a suggestion of discomfort 显然带着不自然的表情（显然有的迹象）After a while, with more than a suggestion of reluctance, he admitted his identity and begged me to forgive him on the phone.33. ( L41 ) on occasion 是固定搭配，意思是： 间或，有时。 on this occasion 意思是：这一次on one occasion 曾经，有一个时候 on the occasion of. 在.的时候Para 934. ( L43) stammer v. speak or say sth. with a lot of pauses and repeated sounds 口吃；结结巴巴地说 She stammers when she feels nervous.她紧张时就口吃。 Th-th-thank you, he stammered.“感感感谢你，”他结结巴巴地说。 35.( L44)used toused to do是某人过去常常做某事，现在是否做不知道，to后面接动词原形；He used to play basketball when he was young. 他年轻的时候常常打篮球。There used to be an apple tree here. 过去这儿曾经有棵苹果树。be used todoing 是某人习惯做某事，因为前面有be动词，所以to后面接doing sth.She is not used to eating Chinese food. 她不习惯吃中餐。be used to do表示“被用来做某事”。如：Wood is often used to make desks and chairs. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。36.( L46) at least .至少( 反义词至多 at most It will cost at least 100 yuan . 37.( L46) feet 英 尺1 英寸=2.54厘米 1 英 尺 12 英 寸 0.3048 米 1 码 3 英 尺 0.9144 米 1 英 里 1760 码 1.6093 千 米 38.( L46) dynamic a. full of energy, new ideas, and determination 充满活力的；精力充沛的 What that country needs is dynamic and inspiring leadership!那个国家所需要的是充满活力、激励人心的领导。 He was not one of the younger, more dynamic doctors.他不属于那种更年轻、更充满活力的医生。 39. ( L48 ) suicide n. C, U the act of killing oneself 自杀 Police are treating the mans death as suicide.警察正将那人的死当作自杀处理。 Harry threatened to commit suicide if she refused to marry him.哈利威胁说，如果她拒绝嫁给他他就自杀。 40. ( L49)at times=sometimes. 有时 sometimes只能用于句首.表示有时会怎么样或做什么. at times却通常情况下只能用于句尾.表示有时,偶尔出现什么,天气报告中常用此. The tide is, at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得很高。 I like Bob but hes very annoying at times. 我喜欢鲍勃，但是他有时也很烦人。 Para 1041.( L51 )compare to 把.比作 He compared the girl to the moon in the poem. 他在诗中把那姑娘比作月亮。 compare with 与.相比Lets compare this article with that one. 让我们把这篇文章和那篇文章作一下比较。42.( L53 ) impose vt. force sb. to accept sth. or have the same opinion, belief, etc. 强加于 The bank has imposed very strict conditions for the repayment of the loan.银行对贷款的偿还订出了非常苛刻的条件。 Parents should try not to impose their own ideas on their children.父母应该避免把自己的想法强加给孩子。 43.( L53 ) imposing a. large and impressive 给人印象深刻的；壮观的 Its one of the most distinguished hotels in Italy, grand and imposing.它是意大利最著名的旅馆之一，很雄伟，很壮观。 They lived i