新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译

7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all thats before Ive had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if Im interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I wont even last till the end of the year, let alone till Im 60.（ 翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。如最后一句译文加了“领养老金”，点出了与上一句的关联。）依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年的大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人争吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？），但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上拿点钱去：国税局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我连今年都活不过去了，更别提活到60岁领养老金了。6 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give theimpression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rmy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself who would suspect it? is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.（几处倒装句应灵活处理，以体现原文语气。every last book the man has written 等于 all the books he has written。注意这段话的逻辑关系。If he is anything, he is a man of一句中的 if 从句起强调作 用，说明他不是一个书生或思想家，而是一个行动家。此处需灵活翻译。）不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，或许只有极少数作品不到50本是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯桑德拉尔指出，雷米德古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世上，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的，他不仅读得广，读得深，而且本人还著述颇丰。这一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的。因为从本质上讲，他是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何大量“浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学届的凯撒大帝。6 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.Sometimes the hemline indicator, as its called, can even precede and predict a change in the mood ofthe stock market long before it actually happens. In September 2007, at the New York fashion shows,which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, the trend was for much longer dresses and skirts,many to mid-calf or even down to the ankles. Some people felt this showed that the hemline indicatorwas no longer reliable, and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear. During theLondon and New York fashion shows in September 2008, hemlines continued to drop. But sure enough, in the fall of 2008, the stock market indexes fell dramatically when the banking crisis hit the US, Europe and then the rest of the world. Hemlines were no longer following the stock market they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends.有时候，所谓的裙摆指标甚至能事先早早就预告股市的变化。2007年9月，纽约时装展展示了2008年春季流行风格，潮流转向了长衣、长裙，许多裙摆降至小腿中线，甚至到了脚踝。有人觉得，这表明裙摆指标靠不住了，或者服装设计师不再左右着装的趋势了。在2008年9月的伦敦和纽约时装展中，裙摆继续下降。果然，2008年秋天金融危机袭击美欧，波及全球，股指急跌。此时，裙摆不再被动追随股市升跌，而是引领潮流，预示未来的经济趋势了。（ 第一句原文复杂，但译成中文较简单。最后一句译文加词，加上“被动”可起强调作用，让本句的意思更明确。）6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. So much of what we want or dont want out of life boils down to dollars and cents, whether its how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much we save. For some people, its working 80-hour weeks to finance a third home and country club membership; for others, it means cutting back on office hours to spend more time with the family.“A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we want to live our lives,” said Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and public policy at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage and divorce. “A lot of the choices we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money.”Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital assets, and your union, experts say. But its that much easier when you already share similar outlooks on money matters or when you can, at the very least, find some middle ground.（注意灵活翻译某些名词，如romantic reasons, dollars and cents, code, union, as a team等。适当调整原文某些句子的语序以使译文更通顺。）如今，尽管我们大多数人是因相爱而结婚，婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的结合。不管是选择工作的努力程度，还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少，我们生活中想要得到的或不想得到的许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对一些人来说，就是一周工作80小时来支付第三套房的房款和乡村俱乐部的会员费；对另一些人来说，意味着缩短上班时间，花更多的时间陪伴家人。“有关钱的许多争论都事关生活方式的原则问题，而生活方式的许多选择则与如何花钱密切相关。”宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝齐史蒂文森如是说，他研究婚姻和离婚经济学。专家们说，夫妻一起共同做出这些选择是维护婚姻资产及婚姻关系的最重要的方法之一。当然，如果夫妻双方一开始就在钱的问题上看法相似，或者至少能够在钱的问题上相互妥协，那么事情就好办多了。7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.Women cant even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most application forms now give four choices for titles. Men have one to choose “Mr.” so their choice carries no meaning other than to say they are male. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman who checks the box for “Mrs.” or “Miss” communicates not only whether she has been married but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. Checking “Ms.” declines to let on about marriage (whereas “Mr.” declines nothing since nothing was asked), but it also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on the attitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment. I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.” and thereby risk marking myself as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like “Excuse me!”) or an over-achiever (hence reactions of congratulatory surprise, like “Good for you!”). （ 翻译时注意原文的语气，否则就可能不 准确。第二段是一个长句，翻译时应注意按中文习惯断句。）女人一填表就会暴露自己的个人经历。现在大多数的申请表会给出四种称谓选择，男人只有一种选择，即“先生”，他们的选择除了表明他们是男性之外没有其他含义。但女人要从三种称谓中选一个，其中的任何一种都是带标记的。如果勾选“太太”（Mrs.）或者“小姐”（Miss）的方框，她不仅暴露了自己的婚姻状况，而且表明她在称谓上很保守，而且在价值观方面可能也很保守。如果选“女士”（Ms.），说明她拒绝透露自己的婚姻状况（而男人选“先生”时则没有拒绝透露任何事情，因为他本来就没有被要求透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中勾选“女士”的人会被标记为“平权者”或“叛逆者”，这就要看评判她的人持什么样的态度和看法了。我有时填上“博士”头衔，以避开这几种带标记的称谓选项。这么做又会给自己带来风险，标明自己要么骄傲自大（于是乎招来讥讽的反应，比如“拜托！”），要么是一个读书读过头的人（那么对方的反应就是祝贺式的惊奇，比如“真行！”）。4 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.The historian is not required to have the special skills which enable the expert to determine the origin and period of a fragment of pottery or marble, to decipher an obscure inscription, or to make the elaborate astronomical calculations necessary to establish a precise date. These so-called basic facts which are the same for all historians commonly belong to the category of the raw materials of the historian rather than of history itself. The second observation is that the necessity to establish these basic facts rests not on any quality in the facts themselves, but on a priori decision of the historian. In spite of C. P. Scotts motto, every journalist knows today that the most effective way to influence opinion is by the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts. It used to be said that facts speak for themselves. This is, of course, untrue. The facts speak only when the historian calls on them: It is he who decides to which facts to give the floor, and in what order or context. It was, I think, one of Pirandellos characters who said that a fact is like a sack it wont stand up till youve put something in it. The only reason why we are interested to know that the battle was fought at Hastings in 1066 is that historians regard it as a major historical event. It is the historian who has decided for his own reasons that Caesars crossing of that petty stream, the Rubicon, is a fact of history, whereas