中考英语动词时态专项讲解学案

中考英语动词时态专项讲解学案The time and tense axis past present future had done did do/does will/shall doing was/were doing am/is/are doing have/has done would/should do一般现在时1. 一般现在时的构成be动词的一般现在时：肯定句：主语+be（am/is/are)+.否定句：主语+be（am/is/are)+not +.is not = isnt are not = arent一般疑问句：Be（am/is/are）+主语+.？肯定回答：Yes, 主语（代词）+be动词.否定回答：No, 主语（代词）+be动词+not.实义动词的一般现在时：主语第一人称、第二人称单复数第三人称复数第三人称单数肯定句：主语+ 动词原形+.主语+动词第三人称单数（-s）+.否定句：主语+dont+ 动词原形+.dont = do not主语+ doesnt+ 动词原形+.doesnt = does not一般疑问句：Do+主语+ 动词原形+.?Does+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+do.Yes,主语（代词）+does.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+dont.No,主语（代词）+doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？2.一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态.I often go to school by bike.表示客观事实或普遍真理.The earth goes around the sun.在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作.There goes the bell.3.与一般现在时连用的时间状语表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等.on Sundays,on Monday afternoons,every day/week/month/year等时间状语.once a year,twice a month,three times a week等表示频率的词组.4.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则形式构成例词第三人称单数形式在动词原形后加-sruns,likes以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-esteach-teaches,wash-washes,pass-passes,go-goes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-esstudy-studies,try-tries以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-sstay-stays,play-plays5.用一般现在时表示将来的情况.表示按规定或时间表预计发生的动作We are going to Hangzhou.Our plane takes off at 8:10.当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时.If it doesnt rain this afternoon,well have a football match.一般过去时1.一般过去时的构成be动词的一般过去时：肯定句：主语+be（was/were)+.否定句：主语+be（was/were)+not +.was not = wasnt were not = werent一般疑问句：Be（was/were）+主语+.？肯定回答：Yes, 主语（代词）+be动词.否定回答：No, 主语（代词）+be动词+not.实义动词的一般过去时：肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式+.否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+.didnt = did not一般疑问句：Did+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+did.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+didnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？2.一般过去时的用法表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态.I got up at six this morning.We visited the factory last week.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.3.和一般过去时连用的时间状语last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day等.一般将来时1.一般将来时的构成will形式肯定句：主语+ will+动词原形+.否定句：主语+wont+动词原形+.wont = will not一般疑问句：Will+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+will.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+wont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？ be going to 肯定句：主语+ be going to+动词原形+.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+.一般疑问句：be going to+主语+ 动词原形+.?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+be.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+be not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？ 2.一般将来时的用法. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态They will leave for Shanghai next week.Will you be back in two days? be going to+动词原形表示计划,打算做某事,还可表示已决定的,很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事. What are you going to do next Sunday?Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm. be doing表示将来常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情.We are leaving for London.She is going there tomorrow. be about to+动词原形和be to+动词原形结构表示即将发生的动作. She is about to travel by plane. 现在进行时1.现在进行时的构成 肯定句：主语+ am/is/are+动词的现在分词+.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词一般疑问句：Am/is/are+主语+ 动词的现在分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语（代词）+be.否定回答：No,主语（代词）+be not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？2.现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作.What are you doing?表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态.They are studying hard this term.go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来.I am going to Beijing this Sunday.当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,cant you see之类的暗示词时,要用现在进行时.但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中.a.与感官相关的动词,如see,hear等.b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love等.c.表示希望的动词,如want,would like等.d.表示状态的动词,如be等.e.表示归属的动词,如have等.f.表示思维,知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等.3.动词现在分词的变化规则形式构成例词现在分词在动词原形后加-ingread-reading以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-inglive-living,write-writing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ingsit-sitting,begin-beginning少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ingdie-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying 现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词2.现在完成时的用法表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.Have you had your lunch yet? Yes,I have.Ive just had it.I have lost my pen.(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到)备注:already,yet常和现在完成时连用.already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶.yet用在疑问句和否定句中.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词.We have lived here since 2000.3.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法.just意为刚刚,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间.He has just come back from Beijing.ever意为曾经,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间.Have you ever been to Shanghai?never意为从来没有,常与before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间.I have never traveled by plane before.since+时间点/for+时间段.I have been in Beijing for two years.4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用.误:Ive left this school for eight years.正:Ive been away from this school for eight years.误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.不过,在否定句中非延续动词可与一段时间连用. I havent gone to see him for several months. 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法： a.讲非延续性动词化为延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe herefinishbe overdiebe deadput onwearwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleepjoinbe inleavebe awayb.讲时间状语改为过去时,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时.c.用句型It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)It is two years since the old man died.5.动词的过去式与过去分词规则变化形式构成例词过去式与过去分词(规则变化)在动词原形后加-edwork-worked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-edcarry-carriedStudy-studied以e结尾的动词,直接加-dlive-lived以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-edstop-stoppedplan-planned不规则变化(略)6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别侧重点不同:现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,属于现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响.而一般过去时是一种过去的时态,侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关.Yesterday I went to the zoo.(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关)Li Lei has read the book.(说明李磊已经了解了那本书的内容)连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时:already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last(past).,before,ever,never,since引出的时间点,for引出的时间段. 一般过去时:ago,yesterday,last.,in 2000,just now等连用. Father bought that watch ten years ago. I have never seen the film before. 7.have/has been to,have/has gone to和have/has been in三种结构的区别. have/has been to:过去曾去过某地 have/has gone to已去了某地 have/has been in已在某地(待了多久) Jim has gone to London with his family. Have you been to Beijing before? The greens have been in China for two years. Li Leis aunt has been at this school for ten years. The Greens are in China now.They have been here for half a year. 同步练习 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空. 1.I (be)busy these days.I (not go)to the cinema for weeks. 2.How many units you (learn)so far? 3.Alice (make)several friends since she (come)to China. 4.Jim (make)many friends since he (come)to China. 5.I (write)him a second letter before I (hear)from him. 6.I (know)the way.I (live)here for quite many years. 过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作.常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用.What were you doing at nine last night? I was watching TV at that time. 2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用.在when引导的从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词;而在while引导的从句中,谓语动词只能是延续性动词.When the earthquake happened,we were sleeping soundly.The bell rang when/while I was taking a shower.当两个延续性动词同时发生而又具有对比意味时,从句一般用while引导,主句和从句的时态通常是相同的.Lucy was doing her homework while I was playing computer games.When/While Kangkangs mother is cooking, he gets home.同步练习一.用when或while填空1. he was walking in the park,the accident happened. 2. my mom was cleaning the house,I was watching TV. 3. Margowastalkingonthephone, hersisterwalkedin.4. wevisitedtheschool, thechildrenwereplayinggames.5. Sarahwasatthebarbers, Iwasgoingtoclass.6. IsawCarlos, hewaswearingagreenshirt.7. Allenwascleaninghisroom, thephonerang. 8. Ritaboughthernewdog; itwaswearingalittlecoat. 9. itbegantorain,theywereplayingchess. 10.Shesawataxicoming thewomanwaswaitingunderthestreetlight.二.用所给动词适当形式填空11. WhileJake_ (look)forcustomers,he_ (see)awoman. 12.They_ (play)footballontheplaygroundwhenit_ (begin)torain.13. Astrangebox_ (arrive)whilewe_(talk). 14.John_ (sleep)whensomeone_ (steal)hiscar.15. Fatherstill (sleep) whenI (get) upyesterdaymorning. 16. Grandma (cook)breakfastwhileI (wash)myfacethismorning.17. Mother (sweep) thefloorwhenI (leave) home. 18. I (read)ahistorybookwhensomeone (knock)atthedoor.过去完成时概念:过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去构成形式:had+动词的过去分词备注：过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较,使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前.时间状语:by last week,by the end of last year,before I arrived.She had left by the time I arrived.我到达之前,她已经离开了.He had worked in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.过去将来时1.表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态.常用在宾语从句中,谓语由would+动词原形构成.He said he would buy some fruit for his sister.He asked when the meeting would end.2.表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作,用was/were going to+动词原形.I thought it was going to rain soon.They were going to start new jobs when I saw them then.练习一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空.1.Two hours later,when Davids mother got back,he (play)games with John.2.This spring my elder brother and I (spend)a long weekend cycling in the countryside.3.I was looking through my old photos last Sunday.One photo (catch)my eye.4.I have (be)scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.5.After Steven sent some e-mails,he (start)surfing the Internet.6.Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? No,because I (read)the story.7.Alice likes doing housework.She (clean)her room every afternoon.8.Mum,Where is Dad?He (prepare)a speech for tomorrows meeting.9.Sally took a photo of her friends while they (play)computer games.10.Julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she (see)the film.11.We will go for a picnic if it (not rain)tomorrow.12.When can I see the doctor,madam？Let me see.Sorry,you (miss)your turn,so youll have to wait again.13.I dont doubt what Michael has (write)in his report.14.If you dont like the drink you (order),just leave it and try a different one.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解。 Have you ever been sad because you failed in something? If so, please remember, for often, achieving what you expect is not the most important thing. Here is a story to tell you why. One day a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing?” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth!” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left. The little boy kept on digging and digging. Suddenly, a few small colorful stones caught his eyes. He collected them and put them into a glass jar (罐) patiently. Humming (哼唱) a song, he went on digging. The jar was full soon. Then he talked to himself calmly and proudly, “Maybe I cant finish digging all the way through the earth, but look at what I have found in the process (过程) of digging!” The boys goal (目标) was too difficult, but it did cause him to go on, in other words, to cause us to keep working! Not every goal will be achieved. Not every job will end up with a success. Not every dream will come true. But when you cant achieve your goal, maybe you can say, “Yes, but look what Ive found along the way! There are so many wonderful things that have come into my life because I tried to do something!” It is in the digging that life is lived. It is the unexpected joy on the journey that really has a meaning. （1）What did the boy do after watching a program? A.He bought a glass jar.B.He played with some visitors.C.He started to dig a hole.D.He went on watching the program.（2）What did the older boys think of the little boy? A.He was silly.B.He was strong-minded.C.He was strict.D.He was energetic.（3）What does the underlined sentence “It is in the digging that life is lived.” mean according to the article? A.Life is to make a big success.B.Life is difficult but colorful.C.Life is to find the colorful stones.D.Life is on the way to achieve the goal.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D 【解析】【分析】这篇短文主要描述了一个想挖穿地球的小男孩，最终没有挖穿地球。却在挖掘的过程中，挖掘到了多彩的宝石。从而告诉我们虽然努力不一定就能实现目标，但是我们也许会在过程中有很大的收获，我们要珍惜努力的过程。（1）B细节理解题。根据短文第二段One day a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. 描述，可知选B。（2）A根据第二段The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it.描述，可知这个大男孩认为他很愚蠢，故选A。（3）D联系前文描述，可知这句话指的是生活的真义就是实现目标。故选D。2根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives( 观点 ) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in. With this belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other peoples writing can one discover what works, what doesnt and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has. Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read books. Reading reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldnt necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.（1）What can be inferred about the author as a child?A.He never watched TV.B.He found reading unbelievable.C.He considered reading part of his life.D.He read what he had to.（2）The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “_”.A.a beliefB.a way of writingC.a sound qualityD.a world to write about（3）What effect does reading have on the author?A.It opens up a wider world for him.B.It helps him to realize his dream.C.It makes his college life more interesting.D.It increases his interest in worldwide travel.（4）Which of the following can be the best title of this text?A.How do I read?B.What do I read?C.Why do I read?D.When do I read?【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】作者从小的时候就非常喜欢阅读，这个习惯也让他有了成为一名作家的想法。而这一梦想反过来又更加督促他去更多的阅读，因为这样他才能表达自己的思想。作者觉得阅读对于他来说是很重要的。（1）推理判断题。根据短文第一段中I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing可知，作者从小生活在一个很少开电视，却有很多书的家庭里，他童年的大多数时候都是在读书中度过的，他觉得读书就像呼吸一样的自然。由此可知，作者觉得读书是他生活的一部分。故应选C。（2）细节理解题。根据短文中Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with.可知，作者想要成为一名作家，他觉得每个作家都是以阅读开始的，这样他才能找到正确的方式去表达自己的想法。因此这里的voice指的就是一个作家的写作方式。故应选B。（3）推理判断题。根据短文的最后一段Reading reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldnt necessarily be able to have in my lifetime可知，阅读对于作者来说是非常重要的，它可带着作者穿过海洋，沿着丝绸之路，去体验令人激动的经历，这些经历可能在作者的一生中不会拥有的。因此选项中A选项最符合文意，阅读给作者打开了更广阔的世界。故选A（4）主旨大意题。这篇短文介绍的是作者从小的时候开始就非常喜欢阅读，这个爱好还让作者想要成为一名作家，而这个梦想反过来又让作者读得更多，到大学的时候，作者意识到了阅读是多么的重要。因此文章的主题是作者为什么阅读，不是怎样读、读什么或什么时候读。故应选C。【点评】这篇短文介绍了作者为什么喜欢阅读，整篇短文的内容不是很难理解，但是后面的题目需要学生对文章的主题有深层次的理解才能做出来因此理解文章的主题、了解作者的写作意图是做题的关键。例如第2小题，划线的这个单词voice本意是声音，但是在文章里，它肯定不是这个意思。根据这一段的意思可知，作者因为喜欢阅读而有了一个梦想，就是成为作家。而想要成为作家，要去表达自己的思想，就需要更多的去阅读，这样他才能找到自己的写作方式。因此这里的voice不是说出来的声音，而是作家笔下写出来的、能表达自己思想的声音，也就是作家的写作方式，因此应选B。3阅读理解I was in the fifth grade and about to take a Maths test. In the first grade I had always been good at school, and simple Maths was easy for me and I always did well on tests. When it came to the fifth grade Maths, I couldnt understand it no matter how hard I tried. Mom and Dad had always been so proud of my good grades and I didnt want to let them down. Just before the test, I had written several of the answers on my desk. I sat nervously as the teacher started to hand out the test papers. I didnt want to get caught，but I didnt want to fail the exam either. .As the teacher was walking around me, suddenly the fire alarm went off. It was an unscheduled f