美国内战原因的简单分析

美国内战原因的简单分析A Brief Explanation of American Civil War摘要南北战争是美国历史上最重要的关键性事件之一。美国内战根本上影响了美国社会的发展和变迁，奴隶制度因战争逐渐被废除。形成和促使美国内战的原因和影响因素诸多。本文分析了促成内战的重要因素以及简要的分析和观点。关键字：美国，内战，奴隶。AbstractAmerican Civil War is one of the most significant incidents in American history. Everything in American history leading up to 1860 was a cause of the Civil War, and everything that has happened since was caused by the Civil War. Various factors including the issue of slavery led to the break of the civil war. The following article listed several critical causes of the war.Keywords: America, Civil War, Slavery.but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came. Abraham LincolnThe American Civil War was a fought from 1861 to 1865 between the United States (The Union) and several southern states declared independence and formed the Confederate States of America. The American Civil War is probably the defining event of American History, even more important than the War of Independence. It was the most severe disaster the nation has ever faced. Sectional tensions enshrined the Constitution erupted into a brutal war that cost over 600 thousand peoples lives and tore the young nation in two.1 It crushed the southern economy, which took half a century to recover. For the significance of Civil War, it is not bold to say that the conflagration profoundly changed the way in which Americans envisioned their own nation. Therefore, it is important to understand the Civil War. The article gives the result of a plain thought of the cause of Civil War.Everything in American history leading up to 1860 was a cause of the Civil War, and everything that has happened since was caused by the Civil War.2 Thus Civil War and all its causes as well as results cannot be absorbed easily. After all, it was a huge conflict, brought about by deep-seated forces and fought across the entirety of the American continent. Historians debated on the cause of Civil War, though the main or conventional point is and should be slavery, the comprehensive recognition of the origin of Civil War include the following dimensions.Thought not as intrinsic as the issue of slavery, the substantial of the conflict lies in the regional differences of economic and social between the North and the South. When cotton gen, a machine separating the seeds form the cotton was invented in 1793, cotton became so profitable due to the efficiency of the harvest. Southerners soon because dependent on cotton plantation and Southern economy became the one crop economy, namely monoculture, which means a rely on slavery, the cheap and mass amount of labor. On the other hand, the northern economy was based more on industry than agriculture. In fact, the northern industries were purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. This disparity between the two set up a major difference in economic attitudes. The South was based on the plantation system while the North was focused on city life. This change in the North meant that society evolved as people of different cultures and classes had to work together. On the other hand, the South continued to hold onto an antiquated social order.The second factor leading to the war is the dispute on states and federal rights. Two exclusive groups are formed since the time of revolution, one camp for greater state rights and another camp supporting that government needs more control. When disagreements began to arouse between South and North on more and more issues, fear emerged in the South when Northern population was growing much faster than the population of the South, so it was only a matter of time before the North controlled the federal government. Acting as a conscious minority, Southerners hoped that a strict, constructionist interpretation of the Constitution would limit federal power over the states, and that a defense of states rights against federal encroachments or even nullification or secession would save the South.Third and the most influential point of the matter of conflict was the issue of slavery. Slavery was the burning issue that led to the disruption if the nation, the secession caused by the dispute of the future of slavery started the war. The slavery issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in the United States, or a state system protected by the Constitution. The strategy of the anti-slavery forces was to stop the expansion and thus put slavery on a path to gradual extinction. To the white South this strategy trampled their Constitutional rights. Slavery was gradually phased out of existence in the North and was fading in the Border States and urban areas, but expanded in highly profitable cotton states of the Deep South. The issue if slavery is not a short term but a prolonged controversy and the country took efforts attempting to solve the problem in peace. There had been compromises in 1820 to 1850 but were all in vain. Despite all those efforts, the issue exploded in 1850s. Irreconcilable disagreements over slavery ended the Whig and Know Nothing parties, and split the Democratic Party between North and South, while the new Republican Party angered slavery interests by demanding an end to its expansion. Meanwhile the South of the 1850s saw an increasing number of slaves leave the border states through sale, manumission and escape.3 During this same period, slave-holding Border States had more free African-Americans and European immigrants than the lower South, which increased Southern fears that slavery was threatened with rapid extinction in this area. The Southern political defense of slavery transformed into widespread expansion of local militias for armed defense of their peculiar domestic institution. Lincolns assessment of the political issue for the 1860 elections was that, This question of Slavery was more important than any other; indeed, so much more important has it become that no other national question can even get a hearing just at present.Another crucial event, which triggered the war on complex reasons above, is the presidential election in 1862 after which made Abraham Lincoln the 16th president of United States. When Lincoln, the Republican candidate won the campaign, Southern fears that the Republicans would abolish slavery reached a new peak. Lincoln was an avowed opponent of the expansion of slavery but said he would not interfere with it where it existed. The presidential election on Nov the 6, 1860, was the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the war. In the situation described above, the political parties broke into Northern and Southern factions. In the face of a divided opposition, the Republican Party, dominant in the North, secured enough electoral votes to put Abraham Lincoln in the White House without support from the South. The Southern parties who had already been in the minority of in the House of Representatives, feared that they will lose the dominate now and forever. Therefore, before Lincolns inauguration, seven Southern states seceded and formed the Confederacy. Secessionists from four additional Border States joined the rebellion at Lincolns call to restore federal property in the South. Following South Carolinas secessionist movement, the Union admitted Kansas, West Virginia, and Nevada as free-soil states.My personal inference of the origin of Civil War, one of the most determinable incidents in the American history is a mixture of the perspectives above. The source and the substantial incentive of the conflict and the warfare was the slavery issue namely a cultural and moral disagreement involving the right and interest of Southerners and Northerners. Though factors in political, economy and social fields can be suggested, they all resolute in the matter of slavery and the difference it brought. The North was no longer willing to tolerate slavery as being part of the fabric of US society and that the political power brokers in Washington were planning to abolish slavery throughout the Union, however slavery had become inextricably entwined with state rights, the power of the federal government over the states, and the Souths way of life. Making the abolition of it became a tread on Southerners rights and lives. The South was an agricultural region where cotton and tobacco were the main backbone to the regions economic strength. Slavery was simply seen as part of the southern way of life. Without slavery, the economic power of these premier families would have been seriously dented. The difference in the structure of economy caused a contrast of life. The North was almost in complete contrast to the South. In the lead up to April 1861, the North was industrializing at a very fast rate. Entrepreneurs were accepted. While the two sides that made up the American Civil War were apart in many areas, it became worse when the perception in the South was that the North would try to impose its values on the South. The slavery issue became mixed up with state rights and political powers. State rights became intermingled with slavery. The key issue was whether slavery would be allowed in the newly created states that were joining the Union. When South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20th 1860, the first state to do so, it was a sign that the state no longer felt part of the United States of America and that America as an entity was being dominated by a federal government ensconced in the views of the North. The secession of South Carolina pushed other southern states into doing the same. With such a background of distrust between most southern states and the government in Washington, it only needed one incident to set off a civil war and that occurred at Fort Sumter in April 1861.Originated from the reasons analyzed in the passage, the Civil Wars lasting effects