英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻

第六单元 文 体 翻 译第一节 新闻报道一、新闻翻译的特点1、翻译讲求实效2、可以适当增减n 翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。n 编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。（王涛 2004）n 摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。（俞建村 2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。）n 参见教材第十章 “翻译的类型” p135.3、符合写作要求（1）手法：n 以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。（2）结构：n 编年史法（chronological method ）： 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 n 新闻导语法（news lead method ）： 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 （3）语言：n 具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。4、内容力求准确二、新闻的翻译n 标题的翻译n 电头的翻译n 导语的翻译n 正文的翻译n 了解背景知识例：US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site WASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷达站是否被摧毁尚无法立刻得知。该发言人在这次打击行动发生18小时后证实了此事，并说正在进行调查。伊拉克却否认有此事件发生。 1、标题的翻译n 特点：简明扼要，立意新颖，生动醒目而又不拘一格。例：Boy, 7, killed by ejection from cockpit of navy jet PLO says big Israeli drive ahead Irish demo clash START announced to begin June 29（1）缩略词语n 缩写词 例1：NPC CPPCC OPEC UNESCO 例2： VIP CEO PM MP例3： PC UFO TB DJI 缩略词主要包括机构名称、人物或职位名称和日常熟知的事物。n 简缩词 例1： copter flu lib telly biz例2： ecopolitics Reaganomics例3： Brez Maggie （2）简短表达例1：Cops under fire Population shock Starvation例2：the 43-year Arab-Israeli conflict the Presidents cease-fire announcement farm product 例3. Nuke protestors Police killers jail death not unexpected（3）“时髦”新词例：moon walk earth rise capitalese containerization catch feed machine shuttle diplomacy a “yesable” proposition（4）省略现象例1：Patient loses heart, gets 3rd例2：Bankers keep silent as dollar falls例3：Economists told Chinas program unchanged例4：Anne and baby are well（5）时态例1：Mount. St. Helens erupts Non-aligned body makes new effort例2：Thatcher tells why she fired minister Nehru backed Tibet uprisingrebel chief例3：Opposition to Viet invasion force growing India mending fences例4：Australia to import diesels from China Pope to visit Japan in February2、电头n 电头，又叫做消息头指电讯稿件播发的新闻单位、地点、时间的说明，也有只说明新闻单位和时间。稿件用电报电传电话等方式发往外地称电，发给当地的称讯。n 新闻通讯社的稿件常常以社地月日电作为电头。本报讯本台讯则是为了表明这篇稿件是自己的记者或者通讯员的作品，如果是外埠采访也必须注明发稿的地点时间，可以写成本台地月日专电。 n 熟悉主要通讯社和媒体的名称、简称等。例： AP UPI Reuters AFP Xinhua Chinanews Kyodo Efe3、导语n 新闻导语是就以简要的文句，突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实，提示新闻要旨，吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。n 翻译导语时要使用清晰、简洁、生动的词语突出主要信息。例1. Beijng, August 19（Reuter) The presidents visit has turned a new page in relation between the two countries，mass media here say.译：路透社北京8月19日电，此间新闻界认为，总统此次来访为两国关系揭开了新的一页。例2. London, Oct 20（Reuter via Xinhua)London market closed mixed on profit taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading, it was announced herel.译：新华社转引路透社10月20日电，此间人士称，伦敦股市开市时股价上扬，交易相当活跃。由于一些持股者获利后抛盘，收盘时有涨有跌。4、正文（1）形象化、口语化词汇例1： Pioneer colleges face axe Chun axes 37 judges in shake-up Ex-leader uses blog to needle Malaysian government British students knifed in France China says “yes” to talks with Moscow（2）抽象化词汇例1： Penal experts say studies have shown that imprisonment is not a deterrent to crime.例2：The mechanics of this indoctrination are familiar to everyonethe Pledge of Allegiance, the National Anthem, the Solute to the Flag.例3：A lot of Dianas appeal comes from her stunning physical presence.例4：Alternatives are available at every stage of the judicial process from arrest to sentencing.（3）词语借代例: French election results annoy Moscow Talks on Africa at No. 10 $227 billion tax on crude oil is cleared by Hill （4）结构松散例1：Mr. Carter said that the Soviet leaders response to the message, sent on Friday, had been inadequate.译文：卡特先生说，苏联领导人对（美国）星期五发出的电报的回复，不足以说明问题。例2：The announcement on the failure of the mission, which apparently originated in Egypt, come form the White House spokesman Jody Powell expressed deep regret at the deaths of the American Forces involved.译文：白宫发言人佐迪鲍威尔宣布拯救行动失败，对参加此役的美国部队的死亡事故深表遗憾；而这次拯救行动显然是从埃及出发的。练习Kan inspects quake-hit region Prime Minister Naoto Kan has visited an emergency-stricken nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture and inspected the quake-hit Pacific coast, northeastern Japan. Kan left Tokyo on a Self-Defense Force helicopter on Saturday morning for the Fukushima No.1 nuclear plant. The head of the plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, briefed the prime minister on the current status of the plant and responses to the situation. Kan instructed the plant chief to place top priority on the safety of local residents and take proper and swift responses. Later by helicopter, Kan inspected the quake-battered coastal areas, including the cities of Sendai and Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture. He watched a blazing industrial complex and residential districts devastated by tsunami waves. On returning to his official residence in Tokyo, the prime minister told reporters that he felt the damage wrought by the tsunamis is very serious.参考译文菅直人今早视察灾区 日本首相菅直人亲自前往已宣布实施“紧急状态”的福岛第一核电站，同时还视察了东北部沿海的地震灾区。 今天（周六）早晨，菅直人乘坐自卫队直升机出发前往东京电力公司福岛第一核电站视察。 核电站负责人就设施状况、恢复措施等做出了说明，在听取汇报之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周围居民的安危为重，希望尽快落实应对措施。 随后，菅直人首相还从空中视察了宫城县仙台市、石卷市等遭受海啸侵袭的沿岸地区，亲眼目睹了正在燃烧的工业园区，以及海啸过后砖瓦散乱，积水不退的居民住宅等。 菅直人首相返回首相官邸后，对记者们表示