Word ation(英语构词法)资料讲解.ppt

WordFormation,WordFormation,Inanylanguagenewwordsareoftencreated.Thecreationofnewwordsiscalledwordformationorwordbuilding.Wordformationisusefultousbecauseitcanenrichourvocabularybylearningsomemajorways.Themostimportantwayofwordformationarecompoundingandderivative.,TypesofWordFormation,Compounding(合成法）AcronymDerivation（派生法）InitialismConversion（转化法）Backformation（逆向构词法）Clipping（截短构词法）Blending,Compounding,Puttingtwoindependwordstogether,thiswayofbuildingnewwordsiscalledcompounding.Compoundshavestrictpatterns.Thefirstelementinthecompoundreceivesthemainstress,butitisgenerallythesecondelementthatdeterminesthecompoundsnewwordclass.,NounCompounds,Verbcompounds,AdjectiveCompounds,其他复合词的构成,Derivation,Anothermajorwayofwordformationisderivation,whichisdonebyaddingaffixestootherwordsormorphemes.Darivationalaffixescanbediscribedintermsoftheirfunctionormeaning.Derivationalprocessesmaychangethegrammaticalpotentialofaword.,Affixes,(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导),(C)表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle(D)表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀interinterview,international,(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀rereview,return,rewrite(F)表示远的前缀teletelephone,television,Suffixes,1.动词变名词：-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mendevelopment,movement,-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor,2.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility3.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,-lesshomeless,helpless,careless,Conversion(zero-derivation)转类构词法,Definition:Conversionistheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.Thisprocessofcreatingnewwordswithoutaddinganyaffixesissocalledzero-derivation.Conversionisusuallyfoundinwordscontainingonemorpheme.Somecompoundsarealsoconverted.Eg:Thepolicemachinegunthegang.,SomeTypesofConversion,名词与动词之间的词性转换a.nounverb:e.g.tobutterthebreadb.verbnoun:e.g.takealook动词与形容词之间的词性转换a.adjectiveverb：e.g.toopenthedoorb.verbadjective：e.g.astand-upcomedianadjectivenoune.g.anasty，thepoorprepositionverbe.g.touptheprice,Backformation逆向构词法,Definition:Backformationisaprocessofword-formationbywhichawordiscreatedbythedeletionofsupossedaffix.e.g.television-televiseTeleviseasanewwordiscalledinverseword.(逆生词）Themajorityofinversewordsareverbs,andtheoriginalwordswhichmadeofinversewordsarenounandadjective.,Sometypesofbackformation,Noun-verbpedlar-peddle（叫卖）swindler-swindle（诈骗）beggar-beg（乞讨）editor-edit（编辑Adjectiveverbpeevish-peeve(气恼)cozy-coze（使感到舒适）lazy-laze（偷懒）greedy-greed（贪婪）gruesome-grue（因害怕发抖）,Clipping(截短构词法),Definition:Clippingarethosecreatedbyclippingpartofaword,leavingonlyapieceoftheoldword.Clippingisoftenfoundincasualspeech.(e.g.gas-gasoline)Thelatteroccursmuchlessfrequentlythantheformer.,Clippingcandividedintothreeparts,1.Cutofftheendofwords截去词的尾部:ad=advertisement（广告），demo=demonstration（演示），expo=exposition（展览会）2.Cutoffthebeginofword