初中英语句子结构-ppt.ppt

Grammar,sentences,start!,句子成份,句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（subjectgroup）,谓语部分（predicategroup）,句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Membersofsentence:S-subjectP-predicativeO-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbOc-objectcomplement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,1)主语（subject）,Ilikefootball.,Theboyneedsapen.,句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。,2)谓语（predicate）,说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语后。,Thetrainleavesat6oclock.,Iwantaticket.,动词不定式,动名词或从句,名词,主格代词,动词,3)宾语（object）,4)表语（predicative）,Hewonthegame.Onthedesk,表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。,Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.,Heisastudent.,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。,除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。,become,get,grow,turn,go,等,remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。,5)宾补（objectivecomplement）,补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。,Theymadehimking.,Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.,6)定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。,Theblackbikeismine.,(),说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.,7)状语（adverbial）,用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语),句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,.简单句,1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedontbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.,Practice,主+谓,主+谓+表,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,主+谓+宾+宾补,.并列句,Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.Itsnotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.,and,or,but,so,Heknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.Yourealive!Andshesdead.,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,.复合句,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Hesaidthathedidntlikeher.,状语从句,分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度,1)时间状语从句,Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.,常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等,2)地点状语从句,Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.,常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere,3)原因状语从句,AsIdidntknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman,常用的关联词有：because,as,since,4)结果状语从句,IwasinthebathsothatIdidnthearthetelephone.,常用的关联词有：so,sothat,suchthat,that,5)目的状语从句,Illshowyousoyouwillseehowitsdone.,常用的关联词有：so,sothat,inorderthat,6)条件状语从句,Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.,常用的关联词有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat,常用的关联词有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)让步状语从句,ThoughImfondofmusic,Icantplayanyinstrument.,常用的关联词有：as,asif,asthough,how,常用的关联词有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas,8)方式状语从句,Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.,9)程度状语从句,Solongasyouneedme,Illstay.,Homework,1.复习今天所学的句子结构2.自行复习名词性从句的内容(必修三)3.看试卷,做相应知识点.,名词性从句,1)主语从句,*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!,2）表语从句,*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.,3)宾语从句,*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidntlikeher.*Idontknowifyoucanhelpme.,4)同位语从句,*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldntcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.,theidea,Thequestion,apromise,注意！,*that与what都可以引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.,Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidntlikeher.,引导词that&what,状语从句,分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度,1)时间状语从句,Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.,常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等,2)地点状语从句,Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.,常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere,3)原因状语从句,AsIdidntknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman,常用的关联词有：because,as,since,4)结果状语从句,IwasinthebathsothatIdidnthearthetelephone.,常用的关联词有：so,sothat,suchthat,that,5)目的状语从句,Illshowyousoyouwillseehowitsdone.,常用的关联词有：so,sothat,inorderthat,6)条件状语从句,Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.,常用的关联词有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat,常用的关联词有：though,although,ifevenif,eve