新世纪大学英语综合教程第三版四第8单元课后练习及翻译

Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.Answers:1) ensure2) exclude3) sustain4) domestic 5) fundamental6) transparent7) elastic 8) inherent9) input 10) margin11) reverse 12) potential 13) subsidies 14) restored 15) features 16) urged2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.Answers:1) is based on2) lived up to3) account for4) has borne out 5) slow down6) act on 7) cash in on8) regardless of9) on top of10) at their peril11) in partin part 12) in the name of13) torn down Increasing Your Word Power1 Each of the following sentences has four parts underlined and marked with A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one that needs correction. Write down the correct usage in the space provided at the end of each sentence. Answers:Answers:1) C (areis)2) C (scentsmell / odour)3) B (is toldbe told)4) D (sincewhile/whereas)5) C (decidingdecide)6) A (takesgives)7) B (medicinemedical)8) C (minutesminutes)9) C (as wellas well as)10) B (have usuallyusually have) 11) D (whilewhen)12) A (ViewingViewed)13) D (seventhseven)14) B (said ofsaid)15) C (progressesprogress)2 Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic (多音节的) word by deleting one or more syllables, such as “prof” for “professor”, “copter” for “helicopter”, etc. A number of such abbreviations have been accepted in general usage. Now work in pairs and turn the clipped words into their original forms. Consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers:Clipped wordOriginal formClipped wordOriginal formfaxfacsimilefridgerefrigeratorautoautomobilememomemorandumburgerhamburgerpoli-scipolitical sciencedemodemonstrationsubsubstitute; submarinefluinfluenzazoozoological garden3 Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in this unit. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C. Answers: Column AColumn BColumn C1) fallingrisingtide2) tragic comicopera3) disorderlyorderlymind4) momentarylastingpeace5) developingdevelopedcountries6) guiltyinnocentperson7) particularuniversalrule8) generalspecificpurpose9) limitedendlesspatience10) concreteabstractconcept Grammar and RhetoricThe following sentences seem to be grammatically correct, but they are in effect faulty. Discuss in pairs why they are not acceptable and then improve them. Answers for reference:1) Reason: WordinessImproved: Before going to the supermarket, we made a list of the groceries we needed to prepare dinner.2) Reason: WordinessImproved: A lot of research has been done to determine its causes.3) Reason: WordinessImprove: Professor Smith knows a great deal about American history.4) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: To finish the work on time, they have taken some new and effective measures.5) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: After I graduated from college, my father wanted me to pursue my education in the United States.6) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: Having been bitten by a mad dog, the boy was cured by the doctor with a new kind of medicine.7) Reason: Split infinitiveImproved: Sara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly so that she can return to the more interesting novel she has been reading.8) Reason: Random shift of the verb tenseImproved: Professor Smith has worked in the university for over twenty years and (has) published many books.9) Reason: Not parallelImproved: He told us to look at the picture and to tell him what we found.10) Reason: Not parallelImproved: She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.11) Reason: Dangling modifierImproved: To get ready for the trip, I put all the things I needed into a suitcase the previous night.12) Reason: Not parallelImproved: Dictionaries can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.Cloze Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.呼吁“包容性的”全球化 unit 8 cloze:(1) manifestation(2) lies(3) promoting(4) minds (5)recognize (6)benefit (7) economic(8) denied (9) excluded(10) prosperity(11) imperative(12) assistance(13) fostering(14) triumph(15) separateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets. Answers for Reference:1) Those people yearn for the days in the past because they dont think they can benefit from the current policies.2) Terrorists will make no distinction between races, nations or regions when they carry out acts of terror.3) The invention of paper was one of the great contributions Ancient China made to human civilization, and we should take pride in it.4) The teacher suggested that the students analyze these problems in a different light so as to find a solution as soon as possible.5) In recent years, some developed countries have been robbing developing countries of their natural resources in the name of globalization. 6) Legal English is a special register of English. Its distinctive features distinguish it from literary language and other practical styles.7) The company cashed in on its rivals difficulties by doubling its investment in this area.8) When he wrote The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was firm in the belief that all men were created equal.9) He has served the public whole-heartedly for many years, regardless of his personal gain or loss.10) Experts have long been concerned about the implications of population growth for economic development of the world.2 Translate the following passage into English. Answers for Reference:It is commonly understood that globalization has been driven by liberalization policies and technological advances. Its role is to increase the flow of goods, service, capital, technology, information, ideas and labour at the global level. In fact, globalization is a double-edged sword. It has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people really benefit from globalization while others simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world. To address the division between these two groups of people, Annan suggested a solution, i.e., to pursue an inclusive globalization. He believed that dialogue can triumph over discord, and that opening markets and promoting cooperation can ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity economically, politically and socially.Theme-Related Writing Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My View on Globalization”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the advantages of globalization2) the disadvantages of globalization3) your view on globalization Sample essay:My View on GlobalizationGlobalization has brought us immense benefits. It helps realize our dream of a prosperous world. It boosts the world economy by opening global markets, smoothing the flow of capital and commodities, and increasing productivity and employment opportunities. In addition, the concerted efforts globaliz