全新版大学英语综合教程预习资料-unit1

全新版大学英语综合教程 预习资料Unit 1 Changes in the Way We LiveText A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeI. Difficult Sentences1. and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season. (para. 2)（请加上段落出处）Tell the meaning of the phrase “make it” and paraphrase this part of the sentence.(=The phrase “make it” means “succeed.” The meaning of this part is “With the wood we cut, the family can succeed in getting through the cold winter.”)2. Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside. (para 4)Analyze the structure of the sentence.(=The structure of this sentence is complicated.1) “The youngest of our four children” is in apposition to “Emily, 13.” 2) “that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside” is an attributive clause modifying “the outdoor toilet.”)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=过些时候，16岁的吉米和四个孩子中最小的13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下。我们在室外干活时，这个厕所便成了室内卫生设备的补充。)3. There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like this and not much for the virtuous either.(para. 5)Tell the class the origin of the saying “There is no rest for the wicked.”(=The saying comes from the Bible, Isiah 57:21, “ no peace, saith my god, to the wicked.” It is used in a jocular manner, meaning “theres no time for relaxation; someone is kept busy all the time.”)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人闲不着好人也歇不了。)4. While one storm after another blasted huge drifts up against the house and barn, .(para. 6)Translate this part of the sentence into Chinese.(=暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，厚厚的积雪覆盖着屋子和谷仓)5. When spring came, it brought two floods.(para. 7)Read this paragraph and tell what “two floods” refer to here.(=The first flood refers to the overflow of the river covering their land while the other refers to agricultural produce.)6. Then the growing season began, swamping us under wave after wave of produce.(para. 7)Whats the function of the phrase “swamping us under wave after wave of produce”?(=This v-ing form is one of the non-finite verbs (非谓语动词). It serves as an adverbial in the sentence and it indicates another action by the subject of the sentence.)Paraphrase the sentence.(=Then the growing season came and it brought us a lot of agricultural products.)What attitude of the author can we infer from this sentence towards his country life?(=We can see that he was very satisfied with it and enjoyed the harvest.)7. It was amazing.(para. 7)What can we infer from the sentence?(=The big harvest was beyond expectation. He was filled with joy because of the big harvest.)8. The timing was terrible. (para. 8)Whats the meaning of this sentence in Chinese?(=时机选得实在太差。)Why does the author think so?(= 1) He had to pay the expensive tuition for his two girls. 2) He had only a few thousand dollars in the bank.)9. The answer, decidedly, was no, and so with my employers blessings and half a years pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket off I went. (para. 8)Why did the author decide to quit his job even though it was a terrible timing? What could be the reasons for the authors decision to leave the city?(=Though it was a terrible timing, the author was clear that there would be no “good” timing at all. Possible reasons for his decision are as follows:A) He didnt think his job was good.B) He longed for risks and changes in his life.C) He was attracted by the good harvest his family had got the year before.D) He was fascinated by the hectic, self-reliant and colorful life in the countryside.)10. It picks up 80% of the costs beyond that. (para. 10)What does the word “that” in the sentence refer to?(=It refers to “the first $500 the family pays.” Suppose the medical fee is $1,000, the family has to pay $500 while the insurance company will pay $400.)11. and we are covered against catastrophe. (para. 10)Translate this part into Chinese.(=而且我们给自己投了巨灾险。)12. Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments (para. 11)Paraphrase: We no longer have extravagant Christmases, and when a magazine sends me somewhere on an assignment to write something, I will take my family along. By doing so, we can save some money while enjoying a sort of vacation.What can we infer from this part of the sentence?(=We can infer that the family used to spend much more money on Christmases.)II. Words & Expressionsget by: 过得去，尚可 be good enough but not very good; manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way（请加上中文）- It is a little bit difficult for the old couple to get by on such a small pension.- 我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去。(=My parents managed to get by on a small amount of money.)- She never works but somehow she gets by.supplement: 补充，增补1. vt. add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with) (=The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A.)2. n. an additional amount of sth.- Do you read the color supplements of the Sunday newspapers?(=你读周日报纸的彩色增刊吗？)- She has been ill and must have supplements to her ordinary food.pursue: vt.努力去获得（或完成），追求1. be busy with; continue (steadily) with- He is pursuing his studies at the university.- After graduation Martin chose to pursue the same career as his father as a doctor.2. follow esp. in order to catch, kill, or defeat- The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner.pursuit： n.追求；追赶；工作His life is spent in the pursuit of pleasure. 他一生都在寻欢作乐。get through: 通过，度过 come successfully to the end- 当地政府已采取一些措施以确保所有人顺利过冬。(=The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will get through the winter.)- She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college.at that point: 那时at that very moment; right then- The man suddenly held up a poster. At that point, all TV cameras were pointed at him.on balance: 总的来说with all things considered- On balance, its probably not advisable to change the companys name.- 我想，总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统。(=I think, on balance, I prefer the new operating system.)NB: balance 的反义词是 imbalance。此外，与 balance 有关的其他搭配有：keep ones balance保持平衡 lose ones balance失去平衡 strike a balance力求折中 in the balance不确定，成败或安危未定 illustrate: vt. 加插图于；举例说明provide with visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. - Let me use another example to illustrate this difficult point.CF: illustrate, exemplify & demonstrate 这三个词都是动词，都有“举例说明”之意。illustrate 表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画，目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效，从而真实地说明某一观点。例如：- The way that a pump works is used to illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body.(=水泵的工作原理可用来解释心脏是如何将血液送至全身各处的。)exemplify 可用于举例说明某一笼统、抽象的陈述，也可用于举出某事物的典型或范例。例如： - Knights exemplified courage and courtesy.(=武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样。)demonstrate 表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论，也可用于说明人或事。例如： - Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.(=伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落。)digest:文摘，摘要；消化，融会贯通1. n. a short account of written materials or data- Readers Digest is a popular magazine in the US. 2. v.1) change sth. into a form that the body can use- 玛丽吃肥肉不消化。(=Mary cant digest fat.)2) think about sth. carefully and understand it- I heard her speech, but I havent digested it yet.- 吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。(=It often takes long time to digest new ideas.)generate: 形成，产生vt. bring into existence; produce - 煤燃烧时，产生热量。(=When coal burns, it generates heat.)- The widespread use of Spanish in some American cities has generated a public debate over language use in the country.- The teachers remark generated loud laughter.When it comes to 当涉及到，当谈及-Whenitcomestodancing, Im all thumbs.谈到跳舞，我真是一窍不通。insurance: 保险，保险费n. guarantee of compensation for loss, damage, sickness, death, etc. in return for regular payment- Does your insurance cover damage by flooding?- Our firm carries fire insurance. Collocation：accident insurance意外保险 medical insurance 医疗保险 private health insurance私人健康保险 disability insurance 伤残保险 social insurance社会保险 unemployment insurance 失业保险 whole life insurance终身人寿保险 pick up:1) be ready to pay支付2) improve好转，提高3) gain; get获得4) take hold of and lift up捡起5) gather together; collect收集6) collect someone or something from a place接Match the following sentences with appropriate definitions above. Where did you pick up your excellent English? (3)Please pick up all your toys when youve finished playing. (5)If he loses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs. (1)Ill pick you up at your hotel. (6)She picked up a stone and threw it at the window. (4)Mary has been ill, but shes picking up now. (2)aside from: 除了；除以外（尚有）except for; in addition to (more usual in American English; same as apart from)- Aside from an occasional game of tennis, he doesnt take any exercise.- This composition is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes.- 万籁俱寂，只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声。(=Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car horn in the distance.)cut back: 减少，消减reduce in size or amountPattern: cut back sth.; cut back on sth.- The government has cut back on defense spending.- 我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。(=We oppose any plans to cut back (on) education budget.)dine out: 外出吃饭 eat a meal away from home (usu. in a restaurant)- Im going to dine out with Peter tonight.suspect: 1. v. 1) believe to be true, likely or probable相信Pattern: suspect that - I strongly suspect that theyre trying to get rid of me.2) believe to be guilty怀疑Pattern: suspect sb./sth. of sth.- The police suspect him of murder.2. n. a person who is suspected of guilt, esp. in a crime 嫌疑人- The police have arrested two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.3. adj. of uncertain truth, quality, etc.可疑的- That is a rather suspect answer; I dont believe it.CF: suspect, assume & presume 这几个词都可用作动词，都有“主观想像”之意 suspect 意思是“猜想”、“觉得会”、“有点感觉到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外，该词有“怀疑”、“怀疑某人有罪”之意。例如：- We suspected that he was lost, even before we were told.(=别人告诉我们之前，我们就怀疑他失踪了。)- He is suspected of murdering that old lady. (=他被怀疑杀了那位老妇人。)assume 意思是“假定”、“设想”，指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真理。例如： - He assumed that the train would be on time. (=他假定火车会准时到达。)presume 也有“假定”、“设想”的意思，但它指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉认为某事属实，虽然还没有确凿的证据。例如：- The court presumed the death of the man who disappeared during the war.(=法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡。)budget: n. 预算 a plan of how to arrange private or public income or spending- Adam limits himself to a daily budget of $10.- At last, the governments efforts to balance the budget ended in failure.Collocation：draw up a budget 制定预算 submit a budget提交一项预算报告balance a budget平衡预算exceed a budget超出预算cut/reduce a budget减少预算a federal/household/municipal/national budget联邦/家庭收支/市政/国家预算v 精打细算，预算make a budgetvi -If we budget carefully, well be able to afford a new house. 如果我们精打细算就能买一座新房子了。vt.-The government plans to budget a new hospital. 政府计划在预算中拨款建一家新医院。scale: n. 规模 a relative level or degree (usu. used in the phrase on a scale)- We tested our new teaching methods on a small scale. Indeed only six classes were involved in it.- 这项工程规模浩大地展开了。(=The project was undertaken on a grand scale.)temptation: 诱惑n. the feeling of being tempted to do sth. wrong or harmful; the thing you want to have- The kids cant resist the temptation of McDonalds.- He couldnt resist the temptation to steal the jewel.Collocation：overcome temptation 克服诱惑 resist temptation 抵制诱惑be exposed to temptation 受到诱惑 face temptation 面临诱惑succumb to temptation 向诱惑屈服 place/put temptation in sb.s way让某人受诱惑device: n. 装置a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose- They suspected that an explosive device had been left somewhere inside the building.- 她发明了一种能在下雨时自动关闭窗户的装置。 (=She invented a device that automatically closes windows when it rains.)CF:device, instrument & implement这几个词都可用作名词，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。device 表示“（为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置、器具”。例如：- I have fitted a device to my car which opens the garage doors automatically.(=我车上装了一个能自动开启车库门的装置。)instrument 表示“器械”、“仪器”、“（发动机或航海、航空等的）测量仪器 ”、“仪表”，表示为技术工作设计的工具，着重于工具的精密与复杂。例如：- All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.(=所有外科手术器械使用前都必须消毒。)implement 指“工具”、“器具”，常指用于户外如园艺或农用的工具。例如： - Mans earliest implements were carved from stone and bone. (=人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头凿刻而成。)invest: v. 投资 use money to make a profit out of something that will increase in value - She decided to invest $10,000 in the gas industry.- My parents intend to invest in stocks and bonds.- 许多商人正在向农业投资。(=Many businessmen are investing in farming.)primarily: adv. 主要地 mainly; chiefly- We are primarily concerned with improving our working conditions.- 男子通常比女子跑得快，主要是因为他们的肌肉力量更大。(=Men usually run faster than women, primarily because they have greater muscular strength.)III. Useful Expressions过得去get by寻觅心灵的满足find contentment一种自力更生的生活a self-reliant sort of life大地回暖的气息the smell of the earth warming艰苦的生活a tough life日常的家务usual household routine正如老话说的那样as the old saying goes温馨快乐每一分钟 love/enjoy every minute of sth. 过冬 get through the winter常春藤联合会学校Ivy League schools带着某人的祝福with sb.s blessings总的来说 on balance担任全职工作 be employed full time贷款按揭 mortgage payments至于 When it comes to .除以外 apart from .外出吃饭 dine out降低生活标准lower the standard of living / living standard弥补收入差额 make up the difference in income听歌剧、看芭蕾演出 attend the opera and ballet耐得住寂寞 a tolerance for solitude手头紧 be on a tight budget自给自足 self-sufficiency抵制诱惑 resist the temptation to do sth.怆然离去leave with a feeling of sorrow自豪感 a sense of pride一旦形势好转 once economic conditions improve赚钱 earn money Text B American Family Life: The Changing PictureI. Difficult Sentences1. What? You say that doesnt sound like life in your house? Well, youre not alone. In fact, youre probably in the majority.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=什么？你说那听起来不像你府上的生活？其实，不仅仅是你一个人这么想。事实上，大多数人可能都跟你一样这么想的。)2. Leave it to Beaver, for example, shows Mom doing housework in pearls and high heels. Dad keeps his suit and tie on all weekend.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=例如，交给比弗吧一剧中妈妈戴着珍珠项链、穿着高跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装，系着领带。)3. If theres nothing good on network TV or cable, the video store offers the best and worst of Hollywood: recent movies, cartoons, “adult” films, exercise programs, travel, sports, how-to tapes.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=要是电视网或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可以提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的各种节目：新近公映的电影、动画片、“成人”电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、体育及入门指南录像带。)4. Nowadays, Dad might want to rent an action movie when Moms cable shopping service is on. Or Junior is playing a lets-blow-up-Saturn video game while Sis wants to see The Simpsons.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=如今，妈妈在看她的有线电视销售服务节目的时候，爸爸可能想租一部动作片。而在姐姐想看辛普森一家时，弟弟妹妹却在玩让我们炸毁土星的电子游戏。)II. Words & Expressionsroast:1. n. a piece of roasted meat烤肉- My mother ordered a roast from the butcher.- 我们通常在星期天午餐吃炖肉。(=We usually have a pot roast for Sunday lunch.)2. vt. cook with dry heat烘烤- Just roast the chicken in the oven and baste it in oil and lemon.- 他想学会如何在火上烤鸭。(=He wanted to learn how to roast duck over the fire.)3. adj. (only before noun) roasted烘烤过的- Like many children, the boy likes roast chicken very much.- 在我看来，制作一份上等的烤土豆是在烹饪中最重要的功夫之一。(=In my eyes, a good roast potato is one of the most important things in cooking.)at one time: 曾经，一度once; in a former time- At one time I used to go skiing every winter.- 超短裙曾一度非常流行。(=At one time miniskirts were very popular.)get along: 生活过得去，过日子manage to live or survive- I wonder how Michael is getting along in his new job.- 虽然这不容易，但我想没有他我们照样可以活。(=Its not going to be easy but I think we can get along without him.)mushroom: vi. 迅速增长spread, grow, or develop quickly- After she had won several acting awards, her television career mushroomed.- 在过去十年中，城市犯罪增长迅速。(=Crime in the city has mushroomed during the past decade.)miss out (on sth.): 缺少，未得到 not do or have sth. that you would enjoy or sth. that other people do or have- If you leave early for Christmas youll miss out on all the partying.- 我到那里晚了，错过了所有有趣的事。(=I got there late and missed out on all the fun.)in addition: 此外furthermore- The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.- 该价格包括上好的免费自助早餐。此外，酒店提供免费互联网接入。(=The price includes excellent free buffet breakfast. In addition, the hotel provides Internet access for free.)in addition to: as well as; besides- In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. - 除了她的音乐造诣，珍妮还被认为是一位小说家。(=In addition to her musical accomplishment, Jeannie is known as a novelist.)commute: 乘车往返两地n. the act of making the same journey regularly between work and home (followed by to/from/ between)- Commute from Brighton to London every day really