2016年12月29日中国交通运输发展中英文对照

来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 2016年12月29日国务新办公室发中国交发展书。全文如下 The State Council Information Office of the Peoples Republic of China published a white paper titled Development of Chinas Transport on Dec. 29, 2016. Following is the full text: 中中国国交交发发展展 2016年年12月月 中华人民共和国 国务新办公室 Development of Chinas Transport December 2016 The State Council Information Office of the Peoples Republic of China 录 Contents 前 Preamble 一、发展历 I. Course of Development 二、合交体建 II. Comprehensive Transport System 三、发挥基性先导性服务性作用 III. Playing a Basic, Pioneering and Serving Role 四、对外开放与国合作 IV. Opening up and International Cooperation 五、未来五年发展标 V. Development Goals for the Next Five Years 束 Conclusion 1 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 前前 Preamble 新中国成以来特别是改开放以来交发生了历史性变化为济会发 展、人民众安全便捷出作出了献。 Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, and especially since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, Chinas transport has undergone historic changes, making significant contributions to the countrys social and economic development, and the peoples safe and convenient travel. 新世以来中国政府全深化交改加快建现代合交体不断提升 交业治理体和治理力现代化水平交入了各方式交汇合、 发展新段 Since the start of the 21st century, the Chinese government has furthered the reform in transport, built a modernized comprehensive transport system, improved the management system, and modernized management capacity in transport, bringing Chinas transport to a new stage that incorporates multiple modes of transport and promotes their coordinated development. 2020年中国将全建成小康会。实现一个“年标”交一步加快发 展充分发挥基性先导性服务性作用当好先官为全建成小康会提供坚强保。 China intends to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, which is the first of its Two Centenary Goals. For this end, transport should quicken its pace of development, and fully play its basic, pioneering and serving role as a vanguard and solid guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 一一、发发展展历历 I. Course of Development 新中国成之初交十分后。全国总仅2.18万公有一半处于痪 状态。公仅8.08万公民用汽5.1万。内河处于然状态。民 只有12条。政服务点少。主工具是畜力和木帆。 When the PRC was founded in 1949, transport was underdeveloped. Total railway length was only 21,800 km, half of which was paralyzed. Highway traffic length was only 80,800 km, and civil automobiles numbered only 51,000. Inland waterways were undeveloped, and only 12 civil air routes were operative. Postal outlets were limited. The major means of transport were animal- drawn vehicles and primitive boats. 新中国成后中国政府明提出先创一些基本条件恢复交。3年国民 济恢复期修复了坏交施备恢复了水。1953年开始有 划地交建。在一个、二个五年划和国民济整期19531965 年国家投向交倾斜改和新建了一批、公、港口头、民用机场提 了和地区交基施度疏浚了主新开了国、国内 水和中扩大了政增加了备数。 2 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 Following the founding of the PRC, the Chinese government decided to create the basic conditions to restore transport. During the economic recovery period (1949-1952) damaged transport facilities were repaired, and water, land and air transport were resumed. In 1953 China began to develop transport in a planned way. During the First (1953-1957) and Second (1958-1962) Five-Year Plan periods and the economic adjustment period (1961-1965) China tilted state investment in support of transport. It renovated and built a number of railways, highways, ports and piers, and civil airports; expanded the transport infrastructure coverage in the western and remote regions; dredged major navigation channels; opened new international and domestic sea and air routes; expanded the postal network; and increased the amount of transport equipment. “文化大命”期19661976年交发展一度受到严干扰但施和备 模、仍在增加特别是对沿海主港口压、压港、压日严局加快 了港口基施建。在此期也得到了发展。 During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), transport was seriously disturbed, but facilities, equipment and routes kept increasing; in view of the severe delays in unloading and transshipment, and overstocking at major coastal ports, port infrastructure construction was accelerated; and pipeline transport developed. 1978年改开放揭开了中国济会发展新交步入了快发展段。中国 政府把交放在优先发展位加大政扶持力度在放开交市场、建会 化机制方开创性探极扭交不应济会发展动局。 The reform and opening-up policy adopted in 1978 ushered in a new stage of social and economic development, bringing about the rapid development of transport. The Chinese government prioritized transport development, increased pertinent policy support, made pioneering attempts to open wider the transport market and establish social financing mechanisms, and reversed the adverse situation that transport was unable to match social and economic development. 实济承包任制出台了提养征收标准、开征加以及“款修 、收”扶持公发展三政公、水工建开始实招投标制 度港口率先对外开放海业最早实现“出去”民上了企业化发展 市场开始形成实施政理体制改成中国服务公司恢复办理政储业务 加大交建投力度吸引会本参与基施建。1988年沪嘉公 实现中国大公。 China implemented the contract responsibility system in railway operation; issued three policies for supporting highway development, namely, raising highway maintenance fee levied on highway users, collecting vehicle purchase tax, and building highways with loans and repaying the loans with tolls. Highway construction and water transport engineering projects started to adopt public bidding. Ports were the first to be opened up to the outside world, and sea transport was the first sector to go global. Civil aviation began to operate as an enterprise, and an air transport market took shape. The postal services management system was reformed, Express Mail Service (EMS) was set up, and postal savings services were resumed. Investment in transport development was increased and non-government capital was attracted to go into transport infrastructure construction. 3 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 In 1988 the Shanghai-Jiading Expressway was opened to traffic, the first expressway on Chinas mainland. 1992年中国了建会主义市场济体制改标。交不断加大改开放力 度各方式发展取得性展。开展建大会战1997年了六 次大提。公和水实施公主架、水主、港主枢和支持保“三主 一支持”划制定了加快建步伐标任务。民机场建和基施建基、 建基、内河建基先后。为应对东南亚危机中国实施极政政 公建投入“快”公建大模兴。实施大开发战略全加 强地区、公、机场、天然气干建。提出“修好农村服务城化 农民兄弟上油和水泥”发展标掀农村公建新潮。深化港口理体制改 加快港口建。实电分和政政企分开政向信息流、流和物流“三流合 一”现代政业方向发展。 In 1992 China set the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. Reform and opening-up efforts were furthered in transport while the development of various modes of transport achieved breakthrough progress. Since 1997, it has raised its average railway speed six times as a result of large-scale construction. A plan was made to build a transport framework where highways, waterways and ports play the major role, and put in place an advanced transport support system. A goal was set to accelerate related construction. China began to collect civil airport construction fees, and set up a civil airport infrastructure construction fund, a railway construction fund and an inland water transport construction fund in succession. To address the Financial Crisis starting in Southeast Asia, China implemented proactive fiscal policies to speed up investment in highway construction, which spurred the emergence of large-scale expressway construction. Around that time, the country implemented the strategy of developing the western regions, and enhanced the construction of railways, highways, airports and major gas pipelines there. It set the goal of building asphalt and cement roads in rural areas to facilitate urbanization, bringing a new upsurge of rural road construction. China furthered the reform of the port management system and accelerated the construction of ports. It separated postal services and telecommunications services, and government functions and enterprise operation in postal services, promoting modern postal services integrating information flow, capital flow and logistics. 中期划国家公划一列划出台。大力提升交 基本公共服务水平全加强城乡客、城市公共交、交安全应急救助域建 。2008年建交交大体制改出实性步伐。同年京津城 中国开启了“时代”。 The Chinese government issued the Medium- and Long-Term Railway Network Plan, National Expressways Network Plan and related programs, while vigorously improving basic transport public service capacity, urban and rural passenger transport, urban public transport and transport safety emergency rescue. In 2008 Chinas Ministry of Transport (MOT) was established, and efforts were made to put all management of transport by air, water and land, as well as postal services under the ministry. The same year, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway was opened to traffic, marking the start of Chinas high-speed rail era. 4 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 党十八大以来交入了加快现代合交体建新段。2013年 实现政企分开交大体制改基本实到位。交全深化改建法治 政府加快合交、智慧交、交、平安交“四个交”建围“一带一 ”建、京津冀协同发展、江济带建三大国家战略制定发展划。加快合交 基施成推多方式有效接。促现代物流业发展提升合服务保 水平。加强交基本公共服务供和理支持中片特困地区交基 施、城乡客、城市公共交发展。推东、中、东北“四大板块”区域交协发展 地区加快发展中地区交条件显改善。2013年墨公建成 中国正实现县县公。 Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the construction of a modernized comprehensive transport system has been accelerated. In 2013 railway sector realized separation of government functions from commercial operations, and the institutional reform to establish an efficient government department to exercise unified management of transport by air, water and land, as well as postal services was basically completed. The transport sector has pushed reform to a higher level by enhancing law-based management, promoting comprehensive, smart, green and safe transport, and formulating development plans to serve the Three Initiatives - the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt initiative. China has expedited the building of a comprehensive transport infrastructure network, and reinforced the connectivity of multiple modes of transport, advancing modern logistics in this sector and securing comprehensive transport services. It has enhanced the supply and management of basic public services for transport, supporting the development of transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, urban and rural passenger transport and urban public transport. China has also promoted balanced development of transport in its eastern, central, western and northeastern regions. In this regard, western China has quickened its pace in developing high-speed railways, and overall central and western China s transport conditions have been greatly improved. In 2013 the Motuo Highway in Tibet was opened to traffic, indicating that every county in China now had access to highways. 60多年来中国交总体上历了从“瓶制”到“初步”再到“基本应”济 会发展求奋斗历与世界一流水平差快小分域已实现一个 向现代化合交体正展现在世界前。 Over the past 60-odd years Chinas transport has undergone the phases of bottleneck, preliminary alleviation and basic adaptation to socio-economic development demands. China has narrowed its gap with world-class transport, and surpassed the latter in several fields. A modernized comprehensive transport system is now emerging on the horizon. 二二、合合交交体体建建 II. Comprehensive Transport System 多年改发展多点、全合交初步形成“五五横”合大 基本一大批合客、枢场物流园区投入备发展不断 升服务水平显提升技创新和应用实现大交市场体、理体 制和法体不断完善。 5 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 Through years of reform and development China has formed a multi-nodal and full-coverage transport network; opened up five vertical and five horizontal transport trunk railway lines; put into operation a large number of passenger and freight transport stations (logistics parks); upgraded transport equipment and improved transport service capacity; achieved major breakthroughs in technology innovation and application; and improved the transport market system, management mechanisms and related laws and regulations. 一基施 1. Infrastructure Network 多层次基本形成。截2015年年底全国业总12.1万公模居世 界二其中1.9万公位居世界一。以为架、以城为充 快客初步建成。全国复率和电气化率分别到53.5%和61.8%。横东 、南北大力步形成物流施同步完善步实现了物化、快 捷化、化。 A multi-level railway network has been formed. By the end of 2015 Chinas total railway operation length reached 121,000 km, ranking the worlds second, including 19,000-km high-speed railway, ranking the worlds first. An express passenger transport network with high-speed railway as framework and supplemented by intercity railway has been built. The proportion of double-line railway in China was 53.5 percent, and the proportion of electric railway 61.8 percent. China has formed east-west and north-south railway passageways with great transport capacity, improved logistics infrastructure, and realized nonstop, speedy, and heavy-haul freight transport. 广公建来。截2015年年底全国公总457.73万公。公 12.35万公位居世界一。国干公不断完善接了全国县 及以上政区。农村公到398.06万公99.9%乡和99.8%建制村。 技术构不断优化公占公总88.4%。 A full-coverage highway network has been set up. By the end of 2015, China s total highway traffic length was 4.58 million km. Expressway length was 123,500 km, ranking first in the world. The national and provincial trunk highway network has been improved, connecting administrative regions at and above the county level nationwide. Rural highway length was 3.98 million km, connecting 99.9 percent of towns and townships and 99.8 percent of administrative villages. The technology structure of the highway network has been improved, with graded highway length accounting for 88.4 percent of total highway length. 初步形成干支接水。截2015年年底全国港口拥有生产性头泊位3.13万个其 中万吨及以上泊位2221个煤炭、原油、属、专业化泊位1173个港口 大型化、深水化、专业化、动化水平一步提升。内河12.7万公 占52.2%标1.36万公江、江、京杭河条件不 断改善初步建成了以“两横一两十八”为主体内河体。 A water transport network connecting trunk and branch lines has been established. By the end of 2015 China had 31,300 quay berths for production use, including 2,221 berths of 10,000-ton-class or above and 1,173 specialized berths for coal, crude oil, metal ores and containers, and improved 6 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 large-scale, professional and automated deepwater ports. Inland waterway navigable length was 127,000 km, with graded waterways accounting for 52.2 percent, and the length of high-grade waterways reaching 13,600 km. China has improved the navigation conditions of the Yangtze and Xijiang rivers and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and formed an inland waterway system composed of two horizontal trunk waterways, one vertical trunk waterway, two high-grade waterway networks and 18 high-grade mainstream and tributary waterways. 民用机场体基本成型。截2015年年底全国民机场210个初步形成了以北 京、上海、广州国枢机场为中心会城市和点城市区域枢机场为干以及其 他干、支机场互合格局。施建不断加强2015年保机到856.6 万架次。用机场加快发展。机场交和机场快加快建机场与其他交 方式接更加密。 A civil airport system has taken shape. By the end of 2015 China had 210 civil transport airports, forming a pattern with international hub airports in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as centers, with regional hub airports in provincial capitals and major cities as junctures, and some other support trunk and branch airports. Air traffic control facilities have been improved, which secured 8.57 million takeoffs and landings in 2015. General aviation airports have been developing quickly. Airport rail and fast-track transit have been rapidly improved, and the connectivity between airports and other modes of transport has been enhanced. 乡乡所、村村总体实现。截2015年年底全国总条数2.5万条总度 单637.6万公政普服务业场所总数5.4万处村总数21万个。快 服务业点18.3万处总度单2370.5万公。 Post offices for each township and postal services for each village have been realized. By the end of 2015 China s postal routes totaled 25,000, with a total length of 6.38 million km; postal outlets totaled 54,000, and village mail stations totaled 210,000. Express delivery outlets numbered 183,000, with a total network length of 23.71 million km. 油气干初步形成。截2015年年底全国上油气总11.2万公初 步形成了全国31个区、市原油、成品油和天然气三大主干和“油东、 北油南、气东、北气南下、海气”油气。 Oil and gas pipelines have formed a trunk network. By the end of 2015 Chinas onshore oil and gas pipelines had a total length of 112,000 km, covering 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions, forming a trunk-pipeline network for crude oil, refined oil and natural gas as well as an oil and gas transmission network which transports oil from the west to the east and from the north to the south, transmits gas from the west to the east and from the north to the south, and brings gas from offshore. 二服务力 2. Transport Service Capacity 位居世界前位。2015年全会完成客194.3亿人、旅客周30047亿人公 完成410亿吨、物周173690.6亿吨公。旅客周、居世界 7 来源国新办/中国文版 | 整理CATTI料与 一周居世界二公客及周、水及周均居世界 一民总周、旅客周、周均居世界二。全国港口完成物吞吐 和吞吐均居世界一。政业年服务用户700亿人次快年业务居世界 一大型物促“双11”活动单日处理峰值1.6亿件。7.1亿吨周 4138.8亿吨公。 Chinas transport volume leads the world. In 2015 Chinas passenger transport volume was 19.43 billion persons, and passenger turnover was 3.0 trillion passenger-km (pkm); freight transport volume was 41 billion tons, and freight turnover was 17.37 trillion ton-km (tkm). In terms of railway transport, passenger turnover and freight transport volume ranked first in the world, and freight turnover ranked second. In terms of highway transport, passenger and freight transport volume and passenger and freight turnover ranked first in the world. In terms of waterway transport, freight transport volume and freight turnover also ranked first in the world. In terms of civil aviation transport, total turnover, passenger turnover, and cargo and mail turnover all ranked second in the world. In terms of port transport, cargo throughput and container throughput ranked first in the world. In terms of postal services, the number of customers exceeded 70 billion. In terms of express delivery, business volume ranked first in the world; on November 11, Online Shopping Day, the number of parcels delivered in one day reached the years peak of 160 million pieces. In terms of pipeline transportation, freight transport volume was 710 million tons and freight turnover was 413.88 billion tkm. 服务全提升。多式、甩挂先模式及冷专业物流快发 展、厢式标准化单元加快推广城乡物流信息化、化度明显 提升提了会物流效率。交安全水平大幅改善旅客总体安全水平 居世界前列2015年交万事故死亡人数2005年下了72.4%全国万 吨港口吞吐以上事故件数平均每年下5%民万小时大事故率10年 滚动值为0.018世界平均水平为0.24。大力提升客基本公共服务均化水平“公交优 先”战略扎实推全国公交专用8569公快公交BRT度3081 公定制公交、夜公交特公共交服务产品新模式不断丰富出汽新 业态快发展。 Transport service quality has been improved. Multimodal transport, drop and pull transport and cold chain logistics have developed quickly; the use of standardized transport units such as containers and vans has been promoted; and urban and rural logistics have enhanced IT application and intensified services, thus increasing logistics efficiency. Transport safety has been greatly improved, and Chinas railway passenger transport safety leads the world. In 2015 the number of death toll per 10,000 vehicle road accidents dropped by 72.4 percent over 2005; the number of accidents of cargo vessels of a million-ton-class throughput and above has decreased by five percent o